Experimental Alteration of the Peri-Renal Tissue of Protopterus

The experiments were carried out on Protopterus aethiopicus in East Africa. They were: the injection of commercial adrenocorticotrophic hormone, hypophysectomy, administration of ACTH after hypophysectomy, artificially induced aestivation, and artificially induced ‘stress’. The two elements of the lipid tissue show differing reactions to the experiments carried out. The large lipid cells appear to be under direct pituitary control: active secretion follows ACTH administration, hypophysectomy leads to a blocking of secretion. After ‘stress’ and hypophysectomy the small lipid cells develop sudanophil inclusions which are positive to the histochemical tests for steroids. This does not occur after ACTH administration. The phagocytes of the endothelial system take part in the transfer of material within the peri-renal tissue; this is shown by their cytology after ACTH administration and ‘stress’. Evidence from these experiments indicates that the round pigment cells characteristic of the normal animal are syncytial structures formed by the fusion of phagocytic cells containing pigment and remains of large lipid cells. The steroid tissue shows little change in these experiments other than a decrease in the amount of steroid material after ACTH, and a more intense staining of the mitochondria after hypophysectomy. The number of eosinophil leucocytes increases as the result of ACTH administration. The round cell nodules showed no detectable changes in these experiments.

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The effect of aloe preparation and 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine on immunological and haematological indices of blood of turkey hens subjected to stress

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201584040365 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 365-371 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katarzyna Ognik ◽

Iwona Sembratowicz ◽

Anna Czech

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Body Weight ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Control Groups ◽

Induced Stress ◽

T Stress ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Haematological Indices

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of aloe extract or 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine on immunological and haematological indices during artificially induced stress in turkey hens. The experiment was carried out on 360 turkey hens (6 groups). The groups C and C+stress were the control groups and did not receive any additive. Birds from the groups A and A+stress were administered aloe extract at the amount of 0.70 ml/kg body weight (bw)/day. The turkey hens from the groups T and T+stress received 5-oxo-1,2,4-triazine at the amount of 30 μg/kg bw/day. The additives were administered in the birds’ drinking water twice for 28 days (days 36–63 and 78–105) of the birds’ life. On days 61–63 and 103–105 a stress factor (simultaneous crowding and a change in temperature and lighting) was introduced in the groups C+stress, A+stress and T+stress for 1 hour a day. The results showed that the applied stress factors caused a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in the lysozyme level and % phagocytic cells, as well as a non-significant reduction in the metabolic activity of heterophils. Under the influence of stress an increase (P ≤ 0.05) in the percentage of monocytes and basophils was observed. The use of aloe preparation improved some indicators of immunity (increased, P ≤ 0.05, lysozyme and % phagocytic cells) in the turkey hens. To alleviate the negative effect of stress on immune reactions, supplementation of diets with aloe extract supplemented with resveratrol and vitamin C may be considered.

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The Peri-Renal Tissue of Protopterus A Contribution to the History of the Adrenal

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.s3-97.37.123 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol s3-97 (37) ◽

pp. 123-154

Author(s):

W. HOLMES ◽

D. E. MOORHOUSE

Keyword(s):

Small Diameter ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Body Cavity ◽

The Body ◽

Round Cell ◽

East African ◽

Cell Tissue ◽

Starting Point ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Eosinophil Granulocytes

The animal studied was the lungfish Protopterus aethiopicus; the investigation was histological and cytochemical, the material being freshly taken from East African lakes. The peri-renal tissue is a substantial organ which, because it surrounds the kidney, extends through the greater part of the body cavity. Those who have investigated its structure in recent years have considered it to be a haematopoietic organ. A wide variety of histological, histochemical, and haematological techniques was used. The organ is shown to contain five characteristic kinds of tissue; these are named: lipid, endothelial, pigmented, round-cell, and steroid tissue respectively. The lipid tissue is characterized by cytoplasmic liposomes--droplets containing phospholipid. In one type of cell, the ‘small lipid cell’, which may be related to the eosinophil granulocytes of the blood, the droplets have a relatively small diameter. In a second type, the ‘large lipid cell’, the droplets grow to a much larger diameter, and show evidence of cycles of activity involving increase and disappearance of the phospholipid. Histochemical interpretations are made difficult by the finding that this phospholipid does not colour with Sudan black. The endothelial tissue is composed of phagocytic (macrophage) cells some of which are elongated and line vascular sinusoids while others are spherical and contain larger inclusions. These inclusions have some lipid characteristics and may be a manifestation of the translocation of lipid within the organ. The pigmented tissue is composed of melanophores and of a second, round, type of cell which shows evidence of relationship with the macrophage system. Both kinds of cell contain ‘melanin’; the second also has inclusions with different histochemical properties. The round-cell tissue, found in nodules, has a general resemblance to lymphoid tissue. It is doubtful whether its cells are lymphocytes, but it has not been found possible to characterize them in any other way. The steroid tissue is composed of cells which react positively to the histochemical tests comprised in the ‘steroid repertoire’, as used in the study of the mammalian adrenal. Attention is drawn to technical difficulties which may have confused the study of the peri-renal tissue as a haematopoietic organ. The connexion between the lipid tissue and circulating granulocytes has features which distinguish it from the processes of granulocyte formation in the spleen. There are strong indications of an evolutionary connexion between peri-renal tissue and the cortex of the adrenal gland of higher animals. The lungfish may offer the best starting-point for the study of the comparative histology of the adrenal of tetrapods. The association between lipid, steroid, haematopoietic, macrophage, and pigment tissue has parallels in function in the complex interrelations of the mammalian adrenal.

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Depletion of Phagocytic Cells during Nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii Infection Causes Severe Malaria Characterized by Acute Renal Failure in Mice

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.01005-15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 84 (3) ◽

pp. 845-855 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Mohamad Alaa Terkawi ◽

Maki Nishimura ◽

Hidefumi Furuoka ◽

Yoshifumi Nishikawa

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Multiorgan Failure ◽

Parasite Burden ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Plasmodium Yoelii ◽

Fibrin Deposition ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Content Type ◽

Tubular Necrosis ◽

Liver And Kidney

In the current study, we examined the effects of depletion of phagocytes on the progression ofPlasmodium yoelii17XNL infection in mice. Strikingly, the depletion of phagocytic cells, including macrophages, with clodronate in the acute phase of infection significantly reduced peripheral parasitemia but increased mortality. Moribund mice displayed severe pathological damage, including coagulative necrosis in liver and thrombi in the glomeruli, fibrin deposition, and tubular necrosis in kidney. The severity of infection was coincident with the increased sequestration of parasitized erythrocytes, the systematic upregulation of inflammation and coagulation, and the disruption of endothelial integrity in the liver and kidney. Aspirin was administered to the mice to minimize the risk of excessive activation of the coagulation response and fibrin deposition in the renal tissue. Interestingly, treatment with aspirin reduced the parasite burden and pathological lesions in the renal tissue and improved survival of phagocyte-depleted mice. Our data imply that the depletion of phagocytic cells, including macrophages, in the acute phase of infection increases the severity of malarial infection, typified by multiorgan failure and high mortality.

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Quantification of Silica Uptake by Alveolar Macrophages - An Emperical Scanning Electron Microprobe Method

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100054297 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 40 ◽

pp. 332-333

Author(s):

V. V. Damiano ◽

R. P. Daniele ◽

H. T. Tucker ◽

J. H. Dauber

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Alveolar Macrophages ◽

Bulk Sample ◽

Silica Particles ◽

Empirical Method ◽

Phagocytic Cells ◽

Calibration Standards ◽

X Ray ◽

Accurate Quantitative Analysis ◽

Scanning Electron

An important example of intracellular particles is encountered in silicosis where alveolar macrophages ingest inspired silica particles. The quantitation of the silica uptake by these cells may be a potentially useful method for monitoring silica exposure. Accurate quantitative analysis of ingested silica by phagocytic cells is difficult because the particles are frequently small, irregularly shaped and cannot be visualized within the cells. Semiquantitative methods which make use of particles of known size, shape and composition as calibration standards may be the most direct and simplest approach to undertake. The present paper describes an empirical method in which glass microspheres were used as a model to show how the ratio of the silicon Kα peak X-ray intensity from the microspheres to that of a bulk sample of the same composition correlated to the mass of the microsphere contained within the cell. Irregular shaped silica particles were also analyzed and a calibration curve was generated from these data.

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Iron storage sites in the myocardium as revealed by cytohistochemistry

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100104030 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 394-395

Author(s):

M. Ashraf ◽

F. Thompson ◽

S. Miki ◽

P. Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Coronary Perfusion ◽

Intracellular Iron ◽

Ether Anesthesia ◽

Intense Staining ◽

Iron Storage ◽

Thin Sections ◽

Rat Hearts ◽

Cacodylate Buffer ◽

Made In

Iron is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of ischemic injury. However, the sources of intracellular iron in myocytes are not yet defined. In this study we have attempted to localize iron at various cellular sites of the cardiac tissue with the ferrocyanide technique.Rat hearts were excised under ether anesthesia. They were fixed with coronary perfusion with 3% buffered glutaraldehyde made in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. Sections, 60 μm in thickness, were cut on a vibratome and were incubated in the medium containing 500 mg of potassium ferrocyanide in 49.5 ml H2O and 0.5 ml concentrated HC1 for 30 minutes at room temperature. Following rinses in the buffer, tissues were dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in Spurr medium.The examination of thin sections revealed intense staining or reaction product in peroxisomes (Fig. 1).

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Immunoelectron microscopic localization of elastic tissue in archival material using an improved method

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100161539 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 794-795

Author(s):

J. C. Fanning ◽

J. F. White ◽

R. Polewski ◽

E. G. Cleary

Keyword(s):

Normal Animal ◽

Animal Tissue ◽

Elastic Tissue ◽

Human Tissues ◽

Improved Method ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Archival Material ◽

Immuno Electron Microscopy ◽

Arteries And Veins ◽

Biochemical Examination

Elastic tissue is an important component of the walls of arteries and veins, of skin, of the lungs and in lesser amounts, of many other tissues. It is responsible for the rubber-like properties of the arteries and for the normal texture of young skin. It undergoes changes in a number of important diseases such as atherosclerosis and emphysema and on exposure of skin to sunlight.We have recently described methods for the localizationof elastic tissue components in normal animal and human tissues. In the study of developing and diseased tissues it is often not possible to obtain samples which have been optimally prepared for immuno-electron microscopy. Sometimes there is also a need to examine retrospectively samples collected some years previously. We have therefore developed modifications to our published methods to allow examination of human and animal tissue samples obtained at surgery or during post mortem which have subsequently been: 1. stored frozen at -35° or -70°C for biochemical examination; 2.

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