Passive absorption of hydrophilic carbohydrate probes by the house sparrow Passer domesticus

To evaluate the permeability of the intestine of the house sparrow Passer domesticus to hydrophilic compounds, we applied a pharmacokinetic technique to measure in vivo absorption of two carbohydrate probes, l-arabinose and d-mannitol. Probes were fed or injected, and blood and excreta were subsequently collected and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Following injection, plasma probe concentration decreased in a log-linear fashion, implying single-compartment, first-order kinetics. Following oral administration, plasma probe concentrations increased, reached a maximum at 10 min and then decreased in log-linear fashion. Mannitol and arabinose absorption were calculated from the areas under the post-absorption plasma curve and the respective distribution spaces and elimination constants. The amounts absorbed increased linearly with the concentration administered (range 1–1000 mmol × l(−1)), implying a passive process. The mouth-to-cloaca retention time of digesta, measured using the non-absorbable compound potassium ferrocyanide, was independent of probe concentration. On average, 69% of the oral dose of probe was absorbed and this was independent of the concentration of probe administered. This paper supports an earlier report of substantial passive glucose absorption in house sparrows and offers a method to study the extent of hydrophilic solute absorption, which has importance for future research in areas as diverse as biomedical, ecological and evolutionary physiology.

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Glucose and amino acid absorption in house sparrow intestine and its dietary modulation

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.3.r561 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 271 (3) ◽

pp. R561-R568 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

E. Caviedes-Vidal ◽

W. H. Karasov

Keyword(s):

Glucose Uptake ◽

House Sparrow ◽

Passer Domesticus ◽

Glucose Absorption ◽

Uptake Capacity ◽

House Sparrows ◽

High Lipid ◽

In Vivo Absorption ◽

High Starch

We acclimated house sparrows (Passer domesticus; 26 g) to high-starch (HS), high-protein (HP), and high-lipid (HL) diets and tested the predictions that uptake of D-glucose and amino acids will be increased with increased levels of dietary carbohydrate and protein, respectively. HS birds had lower mediated D-glucose uptake rate than HP birds. Total uptake of L-leucine at low concentration (0.01 mM), but not of L-proline at 50mM, was increased by dietary protein. Measures of D-glucose maximal mediated uptake (1.2 +/- 0.2 nmol.min-1.mg-1) and intestinal mass (1 g) indicated that the intestine's mediated uptake capacity was only approximately 10% of the D-glucose absorbed at the whole animal level. This implied that nonmediated glucose absorption predominated. We applied a pharmacokinetic technique to measure in vivo absorption of L-glucose, the stereoisomer that does not interact with the Na(+)-glucose cotransporter. At least 75% of L-glucose that was ingested was apparently absorbed. This adds to the increasing evidence that substantial passive glucose absorption occurs in birds and may explain why mediated D-glucose uptake does not increase on high-carbohydrate diets.

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Seasonal variations of in vivo and in vitro melatonin production in a passeriform bird, the house sparrow (Passer domesticus)

Journal of Pineal Research ◽

10.1034/j.1600-079x.2001.310205.x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 120-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Roland Brandstatter ◽

Vinod Kumar ◽

Thomas J. Van'T Hof ◽

Eberhard Gwinner

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variations ◽

House Sparrow ◽

Passer Domesticus ◽

Melatonin Production

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EXPLORATION OF PLANT BIOACTIVE FROM CASSIA FISTULA LEAVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF OVARIAN CANCER: AN INTEGRATIVE APPROACH

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.13187 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 182 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramanathan K ◽

Shanthi V ◽

Kanika Verma

Keyword(s):

Anticancer Agents ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Future Research ◽

Paclitaxel Resistance ◽

Cassia Fistula ◽

Chemotherapy Agent ◽

Β Tubulin

ABSTRACTObjective: Paclitaxel is one of the most effective anticancer agents. It is used as a chemotherapy agent for a spectrum of cancer types. However,paclitaxel resistance is one of the foremost problems for chemotherapy. Most importantly, an emergence of paclitaxel resistance due to mutation(F270V) in β-tubulin has been extremely deliberated in recent years. With the rise of paclitaxel-resistant mutation in β-tubulin, there is a need to adda novel inhibitor from natural source, as they have less chance of getting resistance additionally less side effects. Keeping this in mind, we have utilizedexperimental and in silico approaches to isolate the potent inhibitor for β-tubulin target protein.Methods: We have extracted phytocompounds from Cassia fistula plant, and the structures were recognized with the help of gas chromatographymassspectrometrytechnique.Subsequently,oralbioavailabilityandtoxicityanalysiswereexecutedfortheextractedcompoundsbyemployingMOLINSPIRATIONand OSIRIS program,respectively.Furthermore,docking analysiswasperformedusingYASARAalgorithm.Inaddition,bioactivityanalysisforthe screenedcompounds wasperformedusing predictionof activityspectraforsubstances program.Results: The results from our analysis clearly depict that HOP-22(29)-EN-3.BETA.-OL could be a promising inhibitor for the treatment of cancer andprovide direction for future research. Further in vitro and in vivo exploration is also required to identify whether HOP-22(29)-EN-3.BETA.-OL haveanticancer effect or not.Conclusion: The combination of computational approach and experimental analysis provides an easy approach to identify novel candidate for thetarget protein β-tubulin.Keywords: Phytochemicals, Gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Bioavailability, Molecular docking, Prediction of activity spectra for substancesprediction.

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Parasitic fauna of the invasive house sparrow (Passer domesticus) from Ñuble region, Chile: an example of co-introduced parasites

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612021068 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Oyarzún-Ruiz ◽

Guissel Cárdenas ◽

María Carolina Silva-de la Fuente ◽

Nicolás Martin ◽

Sergey Mironov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Invasive Species ◽

House Sparrow ◽

Passer Domesticus ◽

Future Research ◽

Parasitic Fauna ◽

Arthropod Species ◽

Low Degree ◽

Native Birds ◽

First Time ◽

Invasive Species Impact

Abstract Invasive species impact native wildlife in several ways, as they compete for resources and may transmit their specific pathogens. However, the potential consequences of co-introduced parasites are not fully understood. While the house sparrow (Passer domesticus) was introduced in Chile about a century ago, no data are available regarding its parasites. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the parasitic fauna of this avian invader and to determine whether there are co-introduced/co-invasive parasites shared with native birds. One hundred and eight birds were collected from three different localities in the Ñuble region of Chile, and a complete parasitic necropsy was performed in the laboratory. Twenty-three (21.3%) were parasitized by six arthropod species and four (3.7%) were parasitized by two helminth species. Four out of eight taxa are reported for the first time in Chile; among them, three arthropod parasites and the tapeworm, Anonchotaenia globate, are considered as co-introduced parasites. Only A. globata is a potential co-invasive parasite given its low degree specificity in terms of its definitive hosts. Future research should examine whether additional co-introduced/co-invasive parasites have been brought by the house sparrow, and what their potential consequences might be on the health of native birds in Chile.

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Three hundred years of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) persecution in Germany

Archives of Natural History ◽

10.3366/anh.2007.34.2.307 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 307-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. SEITZ

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

House Sparrow ◽

Bird Species ◽

Passer Domesticus ◽

Second World War ◽

Population Increase ◽

World War ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Second World

Modernization of agriculture, economic development and population increase after the end of the Thirty Years' War caused authorities in many parts of Germany to decree the eradication of so-called pest animals, including the House Sparrow. Farmers were given targets, and had to deliver the heads of sparrows in proportion to the size of their farms or pay fines. At the end of the eighteenth century German ornithologists argued against the eradication of the sparrows. During the mid-nineteenth century, C. L. Gloger, the pioneer of bird protection in Germany, emphasized the value of the House Sparrow in controlling insect plagues. Many decrees were abolished because either they had not been obeyed, or had resulted in people protecting sparrows so that they always had enough for their “deliveries”. Surprisingly, various ornithologists, including Ernst Hartert and the most famous German bird conservationist Freiherr Berlepsch, joined in the war against sparrows at the beginning of the twentieth century, because sparrows were regarded as competitors of more useful bird species. After the Second World War, sparrows were poisoned in large numbers. Persecution of sparrows ended in Germany in the 1970s. The long period of persecution had a significant but not long-lasting impact on House Sparrow populations, and therefore cannot be regarded as a factor in the recent decline of this species in urban and rural areas of western and central Europe.

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House Sparrow (Passer domesticus)

10.2173/bna.houspa.02 ◽

2006 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Peter E. Lowther ◽

Calvin L. Cink

Keyword(s):

House Sparrow ◽

Passer Domesticus

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Metabolism and Distribution of Novel Tumor Targeting Drugs In Vivo

Current Drug Metabolism ◽

10.2174/1389200221666201112110638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (13) ◽

pp. 996-1008

Author(s):

Mengli Wang ◽

Qiuzheng Du ◽

Lihua Zuo ◽

Peng Xue ◽

Chao Lan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monoclonal Antibodies ◽

Small Molecule ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Tumor Therapy ◽

Research Progress ◽

Future Research ◽

Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Targeted Drugs

Background: As a new tumor therapy, targeted therapy is becoming a hot topic due to its high efficiency and low toxicity. Drug effects of targeted tumor drugs are closely related to pharmacokinetics, so it is important to understand their distribution and metabolism in vivo. Methods: A systematic review of the literature on the metabolism and distribution of targeted drugs over the past 20 years was conducted, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of approved targeted drugs were summarized in combination with the FDA's drug instructions. Targeting drugs are divided into two categories: small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. Novel targeting drugs and their mechanisms of action, which have been developed in recent years, are summarized. The distribution and metabolic processes of each drug in the human body are reviewed. Results: In this review, we found that the distribution and metabolism of small molecule kinase inhibitors (TKI) and monoclonal antibodies (mAb) showed different characteristics based on the differences of action mechanism and molecular characteristics. TKI absorbed rapidly (Tmax ≈ 1-4 h) and distributed in large amounts (Vd > 100 L). It was mainly oxidized and reduced by cytochrome P450 CYP3A4. However, due to the large molecular diameter, mAb was distributed to tissues slowly, and the volume of distribution was usually very low (Vd < 10 L). It was mainly hydrolyzed and metabolized into peptides and amino acids by protease hydrolysis. In addition, some of the latest drugs are still in clinical trials, and the in vivo process still needs further study. Conclusion: According to the summary of the research progress of the existing targeting drugs, it is found that they have high specificity, but there are still deficiencies in drug resistance and safety. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective targeted drugs is the future research direction. Meanwhile, this study also provides a theoretical basis for clinical accurate drug delivery.

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Urinary metabolites of thromboxane and prostacyclin in diabetes mellitus

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1180301 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 118 (2) ◽

pp. 301-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

K. Gréen ◽

O. Vesterqvist ◽

V. Grill

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Artificial Pancreas ◽

Urinary Metabolites ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Diabetic State ◽

In Vivo Synthesis

Abstract. The in vivo synthesis of thromboxane A2 and prostacyclin was estimated in 23 diabetics through measurements of the major urinary metabolites 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α utilizing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Mean excretion was similar to that in non-diabetic subjects. The possible influence of hyperglycemia on the excretion of 2,3-dinor-thromboxane B2 and 2,3-dinor-6-keto-PGF1α was evaluated in three ways: by measuring excretion before and during an acute 9-h normalization of hyperglycemia through an artificial pancreas (Biostator) as well as by comparing excretion before and 7–12 days or 40–180 days after the initiation of insulin treatment. Despite significant reducing effects on hyperglycemia or on levels of hemoglobin A1c, no effects on the excretion of the thromboxane and prostacyclin metabolites could be found. Abnormal formation of thromboxane or prostacyclin is not a generalized feature of the diabetic state.

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Therapeutic Potentials of Syzygium fruticosum Fruit (Seed) Reflected into an Array of Pharmacological Assays and Prospective Receptors-Mediated Pathways

Life ◽

10.3390/life11020155 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 155

Author(s):

Jannatul Nasma Rupa Moni ◽

Md. Adnan ◽

Abu Montakim Tareq ◽

Md. Imtiazul Kabir ◽

A.S.M. Ali Reza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Clot Lysis ◽

Lipinski’S Rule ◽

Lysis Activity ◽

In Silico Studies ◽

Immobility Time

Syzygium fruticosum (SF), a valuable Bangladeshi fruit, is considered an alternative therapeutic agent. Mainly, seeds are used as nutritional phytotherapy to ease physical and mental status by preventing chronic diseases. Here, we scrutinized the S. fruticosum seed’s fundamental importance in traditional medicine by following an integrated approach combining in vivo, in vitro, and in silico studies. The SF was fractionated with different solvents, and the ethyl acetate fraction of SF (EaF-SF) was further studied. Mice treated with EaF-SF (200 and 400 mg/kg) manifested anxiolysis evidenced by higher exploration in elevated plus maze and hole board tests. Similarly, a dose-dependent drop of immobility time in a forced swimming test ensured significant anti-depressant activity. Moreover, higher dose treatment exposed reduced exploratory behaviour resembling decreased movement and prolonged sleeping latency with a quick onset of sleep during the open field and thiopental-induced sleeping tests, respectively. In parallel, EaF-SF significantly (p < 0.001) and dose-dependently suppressed acetic acid and formalin-induced pain in mice. Also, a noteworthy anti-inflammatory activity and a substantial (p < 0.01) clot lysis activity (thrombolytic) was observed. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis resulted in 49 bioactive compounds. Among them, 12 bioactive compounds with Lipinski’s rule and safety confirmation showed strong binding affinity (molecular docking) against the receptors of each model used. To conclude, the S. fruticosum seed is a prospective source of health-promoting effects that can be an excellent candidate for preventing degenerative diseases.

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