Daily variations in crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone and serotonin immunoreactivity during the development of crayfish

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (6) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Escamilla-Chimal ◽  
F. Van Herp ◽  
M.L. Fanjul-Moles
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Sinus Gland ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Serotonin Immunoreactivity ◽  
Retinular Cells

The present study investigated changes in crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone (CHH) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) immunoreactivity in the retina and the X-organ/sinus gland complex (XO-SG) of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii at two developmental stages, post-embryonic stage two (PO2) and the juvenile stage, at three different times of day, under a photoperiod cycle of 12 h:12 h L:D, using qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical methods. In the retina, CHH immunoreactivity is located in the tapetal cells, while 5-HT immunoreactivity is found in the retinular cells. In the XO-SG, CHH-immunoreactivity is localized to the CHH-producing cell perikarya and in their axons and endings in the sinus gland, while 5-HT immunoreactivity is restricted to axon endings branching into the perikarya of the CHH-producing cells. A stereological analysis demonstrates that the PO2 and juvenile stages show significant differences in the amount of the immunoreactive CHH and 5-HT material at the three selected time points, indicating daily and related changes in the levels of CHH and 5-HT in the XO-SG and the retina. Our findings therefore support the idea that daily rhythms in the secretory activity of the XO-SG complex affect the circadian sensitivity of the eye. Furthermore, the differences found between the PO2 and juvenile stages suggest that both CHH and 5-HT are key factors in the development of the circadian rhythm of retinal sensitivity.

Land-uses as Quality of Making Successful Streets in Sulaimaniya City Centre, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Musaab Al-Obeidy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Positioning System ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
City Center ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Global Positioning ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Although, the diverse activities and uses are one of the significant key factors to improve quality of streets, some places and shops in Mawlawi Street are disappeared or used by few number of people, while others are used by high number of people. Moreover, just some attractions and points of interest (POIs) are located in the Global Positioning System (GPS). This issues lead to lake of finding urban diversity in Mawlawi Street. This paper examines and find out the diversity of activities and uses that improves the quality of streets and makes successful streets in Sulaimaniya City Centre. It is also to identify POIs provided in GPS. The study employed a mix-methodology method. 330 questionnaire surveys, 20 semi-structured interview, and qualitative and quantitative observation, were conducted in Mawlawi Street. The results show that the diverse activities and choices are important key to make streets of Sulaimaniya City Center successful. There is also a need to define and insert many places on map for enhancing diversity. To secure the quality of the Street, this study suggests to improve the quality of goods and shops, provide night activities, and refresh some left places and shops along the Street.

Rhythmic changes in the serotonin content of the brain and eyestalk of crayfish during development

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (20) ◽  
pp. 2823-2830 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Castanon-Cervantes ◽  
B. Battelle ◽  
M.L. Fanjul-Moles
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Cerebral Ganglion ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Constant Illumination ◽  
Serotonin Content ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The present study investigated developmental circadian changes in the content of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in two structures proposed to contain pacemakers in crayfish Procambarus clarkii: the cerebral ganglion and the eyestalks. Crayfish (N=260) from three developmental stages were divided into two groups: (1) animals subjected to 12 h:12 h light:dark cycles for 10 days and (2) animals treated as described above, then exposed to 72 h of continuous dim light. Crayfish from both groups were killed at different times of day, and the cerebral ganglion and the eyestalks of each were assayed for 5-HT by reversed-phase HPLC with electrochemical detection. In all stages of development, 5-HT content (expressed as (μ)g g(−)(1)wet mass tissue) showed circadian variations in both structures analyzed; rhythms continued to free-run under constant illumination, and total 5-HT content was higher in the brain (0.581+/−0.36 (μ)g g(−)(1); mean +/− s.e.m.) than in the eyestalks (0.299+/−0.15 (μ)g g(−)(1)). As development advances, the percentage of the rhythm that shows periods of 24 h diminishes, while the percentage of the rhythm that shows periods of 9 to 12 h increases. This seems to indicate that pulsatile variations in 5-HT content are superimposed in a circadian component. The relationship between the 5-HT rhythm and electroretinogram and motor activity rhythms during development is discussed.

Colleters in the vegetative axis of Aechmea blanchetiana (Bromeliaceae): anatomical, ultrastructural and functional aspects

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Ballego-Campos ◽  
Elder Antônio Sousa Paiva
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Reproductive Axis ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Family ◽  
Marginal Cells ◽  
First Time

Colleters are common among eudicotyledons, but few records exist for monocotyledons and other groups of plants. For Bromeliaceae, mucilage secretions that protect the young portions of the plant have been observed only in the reproductive axis, and little is known about the secretory systems behind this or even other kind of secretions in the family. We aimed to describe, for the first time, the occurrence of colleters associated with the vegetative shoot of Aechmea blanchetiana (Baker) L.B.Sm., and elucidate aspects of their structure, ultrastructure and secretory activity. Samples of various portions of the stem axis were prepared according to standard methods for light and electron microscopy. Colleters were found compressed in the axillary portion of leaves and in all leaf developmental stages. Secretory activity, however, was found to be restricted to young and unexpanded leaves. The colleters displayed a flattened hand-like shape formed by a multiseriate stalk and an expanded secretory portion bearing elongated marginal cells. Ultrastructural data confirmed that the secretory role of the colleters is consistent with mucilaginous secretion. The functional roles of the colleters are discussed with regard to environmental context and intrinsic features of the plant, such as the presence of a water-impounding tank.

scholarly journals GC MS Analysis of the Volatile Constituents of Essential Oil and Aromatic Waters of Artemisia Annua L. at Different Developmental Stages

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rita Bilia ◽  
Guido Flamini ◽  
Fabrizio Morgenni ◽  
Benedetta Isacchi ◽  
Franco FrancescoVincieri
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Artemisia Annua ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Artemisia Annua L ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Long Time

Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae) still represents the only source of artemisinin, considered as one of the most important drugs for the treatment of malaria and which, more recently, has been shown to be effective against numerous types of tumors. The foliage and inflorescence of A. annua also yield an essential oil upon hydrodistillation. This oil has been evaluated at different development stages (pre-flowering and flowering) by GC/MS. The volatile oil from plants at full blooming showed numerous constituents, with germacrene D (21.2%), camphor (17.6%), β-farnesene (10.2%), β-caryophyllene (9%), and bicyclogermacrene (4.2%) among the main ones. Aromatic waters, after extraction with n-hexane, showed the presence, among others, of camphor (27.7%), 1,8-cineole (14%), artemisia ketone (10.1%), α-terpineol (6.1%), trans-pinocarveol (5.4%), and artemisia alcohol (2%). From plants at the pre-flowering stage, aromatic waters were obtained with camphor (30.7%), 1,8-cineole (12.8%), artemisia alcohol (11.4%), artemisia ketone (9.5%), alpha-terpineol (5.8%), and trans-pinocarveol (3.0%) as the main constituents. The qualitative and quantitative profiles of the two aromatic waters were similar. These results permitted the conclusion to be made that A. annua could be harvested a long time before the onset of flowering to obtain higher yields of artemisinin or could be allowed to attain maturity to obtain valuable yields of volatiles.

Ovarian morphology and oogenesis of Leptodesmus dentellus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae)

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-184
Author(s):  
Márcia C. Zirondi ◽  
Tamaris G. Pinheiro ◽  
Carmem S. Fontanetti
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Ovarian Morphology ◽  
Juvenile Stages ◽  
Double Origin

This study presents the ovarian morphology and the dynamics of the vitellogenesis process in the oocytes of the diplopod Leptodesmus dentellus. The oocytes are arranged in clusters called ovisacs which are distributed in pairs along the midline of the body forming the ovary. Regions similar to the germarium appear paired in the anterior region of the ovary; however, the development of the oocytes of this species does not follow a regionalisation in the reproductive organ. Cells in three developmental stages are found throughout the length of the ovary. Calcium, proteins, lipids and neutral polysaccharides were detected in the oocytes of L. dentellus. The polysaccharides and the proteins found in the oocytes have a double origin: endogenous, with the participation of the germinative vesicle, and exogenous, from follicular epithelium. The origin of the lipids is exogenous, i.e., they are incorporated into the oocytes, probably derived from the perivisceral fat body, which are highly developed in this region. The deposition of calcium is pre-vitellogenic and probably functions as a reserve during the juvenile stages.

Identification of peptides from sinus gland extracts in the red swampcrayfish Procambarus clarkii by mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIN ZHOU ◽  
YAN SHUI ◽  
Zeng-Hong XU
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Electrospray Ionization ◽  
Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Sinus Gland ◽  
Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform ◽  
Neuroendocrine Organ

Crustacean sinus gland (SG) is a well-defined neuroendocrine organ that controls the secretion of various neuropeptides which regulate many physiological activities. The red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii is a decapod crustacean with both high economic and scientific importance in China. To facilitate physiological investigations of SG peptide/hormone function in this species, we have been employed tissue extract fractionation by HPLC to obtain a complete description of neuropeptidome and used Electrospray ionization-Fourier transform mass spectrometry (ESI-FTMS) to detect the peptidome present in its organ. In total, 48 peptide sequences belonging to several known neuropeptide families including crustacean cardioactive peptide, CHH precursor-related peptides (CPRPs), orcokinins and pigment dispersing hormones were identified. Among these 48 sequences, 26 are novel peptides and 22 are previously identified. Overall, the results give a stimulus for future physiological studies of SG neuropeptides in P. clarkii and other crustaceans.

Impact on the Student Experience of Extending Problem-Based and Enquiry-Based Learning

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 359-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rysia Reynolds ◽  
David Saxon ◽  
Graham Benmore
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Ability Levels ◽  
Undergraduate Programme ◽  
Small Group Interaction

This article reports on extended research into the use of enquiry-based learning (EBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) in a human resource management undergraduate programme. The authors have collected and analysed qualitative and quantitative data over a three-year period, some of which have been previously reported (Reynolds and Benmore, 2003, 2006). Here they present their analysis of the most recent data. They present further evidence that EBL/PBL activities have a significant role to play in the development of independent learning, teamworking skills and the acquisition of deeper knowledge. However, the extent to which these benefits are realized will be influenced by key factors such as cohort culture, small group interaction and student ability levels.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF GENERAL LIABILITY INSURANCE IN LITHUANIA

Ekonomika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-150
Author(s):  
Ugnė Augustytė ◽  
Daiva Jurevičienė
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Development Trends ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
Factors Influencing

The article deals with the situation of general liability insurance in Lithuania and its alteration, with an emphasis on the novelty of the topic. The essence of a particular insurance as well as the main insurable ranges in comparison with other types of insurance are reflected. The key problems related to general liability insurance in Lithuania are presented and discussed. A short overview of other countries’ experience is provided together with the nature of general liability insurance. The environment of general liability insurance and the key factors influencing it are discussed and highlighted. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the development of general liability insurance market is made.

scholarly journals Constructing and optimizing 3D atlases from 2D data with application to the developing mouse brain

eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Young ◽  
Siavash Fazel Darbandi ◽  
Grace Schwartz ◽  
Zachary Bonzell ◽  
Deniz Yuruk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Brain Atlas ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Atlas Construction ◽  
Manual Curation ◽  
Developing Mouse Brain ◽  
2D Data

3D imaging data necessitate 3D reference atlases for accurate quantitative interpretation. Existing computational methods to generate 3D atlases from 2D-derived atlases result in extensive artifacts, while manual curation approaches are labor-intensive. We present a computational approach for 3D atlas construction that substantially reduces artifacts by identifying anatomical boundaries in the underlying imaging data and using these to guide 3D transformation. Anatomical boundaries also allow extension of atlases to complete edge regions. Applying these methods to the eight developmental stages in the Allen Developing Mouse Brain Atlas (ADMBA) led to more comprehensive and accurate atlases. We generated imaging data from 15 whole mouse brains to validate atlas performance and observed qualitative and quantitative improvement (37% greater alignment between atlas and anatomical boundaries). We provide the pipeline as the MagellanMapper software and the eight 3D reconstructed ADMBA atlases. These resources facilitate whole-organ quantitative analysis between samples and across development.

Fine Structure of the Crayfish Sinus Gland

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Ann Heffington Bunt ◽  
Ebert A. Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Secretory Product ◽  
Neurosecretory Granules ◽  
Sinus Gland ◽  
Land Crab ◽  
Blood Sinus ◽  
Axon Terminals ◽  
Neurosecretory Axon ◽  
Neurosecretory Axon Terminals

The sinus gland of the crayfish, Procambarus clarkii, is located on the dorsum of the eyestalk, just beneath the exoskeleton and adjacent to the medullae interna and externa optic ganglia. It functions to secrete a variety of proteinaceous hormones, including the erythrophore concentrating hormone, melanophore dispersing hormone, molt inhibiting hormone, diabetogenic hormone, distal retinal pigment hormone, and ovary inhibiting hormone.The gland is composed of numerous neurosecretory axon terminals clustered about a branching blood sinus. The neurosecretory axons arise from cells lying some distance away from the sinus gland, in the medulla terminal is X-organ, the brain, and possibly the thoracic ganglion. The hormones are manufactured in the perikarya of these cells and transported through the axons to their terminals in the sinus gland for storage and release into the blood sinus.Small, electron dense spherules within the axons contain the hormone secretory product. These neurosecretory granules are very similar in morphology to those reported in the sinus glands of the dwarf crayfish, Cambarellus shufeldti, the land crab, Gecarcinus lateralis, and the Mediterranean isopod, Sguilla mantis. The sinus glands of each of these crustaceans contain two size ranges of neurosecretory granules: 1500-2000A and 500-900A.

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