scholarly journals The Poisoning of Marinogammarus Marinus by Cupric Sulphate and Mercuric Chloride

1949 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
W. RUSSELL HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mercury Poisoning ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Marine Amphipod ◽  
Cupric Sulphate ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Copper Poisoning

The toxicity, under various conditions, of cupric sulphate and mercuric chloride to the marine amphipod, Marinogammarus marinus, has been studied. With optimum conditions copper is virtually non-toxic over the range of concentrations studied (e.g. becoming effective as a poison on decrease in salinity or oxygen tension). The toxic action of mercury is not greatly affected by changed conditions. At very low concentrations, copper has a pronounced effect on animals undergoing mercury poisoning. Subtoxic traces of mercury have no effect on the course of copper poisoning. It is suggested that in M. marinus, mercury acts directly by poisoning of the protoplasm while the effect of copper is indirect, involving the upset of some metabolic process. The relation of this work to other studies of the action of heavy metals is briefly discussed.

Corticosteroid Concentrations in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Exposed to Low Concentrations of Copper

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Helen M. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Cupric Sulphate ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Yearling sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were exposed for 1–24 h to 10−7, 10−6, or 10−5 molar cupric sulphate in freshwater aquaria. Plasma cortisol, cortisone, and "total" corticosteroid concentrations were measured by a competitive protein binding technique.Cortisol, cortisone and "total" corticosteroid levels were significantly higher than control concentrations after 1 h of exposure to 10−5 or 10−6 M copper. "Total" corticosteroid and cortisone concentrations were significantly higher than control concentrations after 2 and 4 h of exposure to 10−7 M copper, respectively. Fish exposed to 10−5 M copper died between 8 and 24 h.The data reflect a rapid corticosteroid stress response to lethal and sublethal concentrations of copper. The technique may be of use for rapid evaluation of effluents containing heavy metals, especially those containing a mixture of toxicants.

Acute Mercury Poisoning After Polyvinyl Alcohol Preservative Ingestion

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-134
Author(s):  
James Seidel
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Mercury Poisoning

Polyvinyl alcohol preservative (PVA) is used routinely in the laboratory for collection of specimens for examination for ova and parasites.1-4 PVA, presently used at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, contains: 4.5% mercuric chloride, 5% polyvinyl alcohol, 30% denatured alcohol, 4.5% acetic acid, and 1.5% glycerin in an aqueous solution. The kit, as shown in the Figure, contains three bottles with 10-ml aliquots of PVA, wooden sticks for mixing the specimen, and written instructions for collection of the specimens. The bottles are clearly labeled as poison in English and Spanish, and specific verbal as well as written instructions are given to patients and their families when the ova and parasite kits are dispensed.

scholarly journals Histological Structure of Reproductive Organ of Freshwater Female Crab, Barytelphusa Cunicularis (West-Wood)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul R. Chourpagar ◽  
Rumana Shaikh ◽  
G. K. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Sublethal Concentration ◽  
Reproductive Organ ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Female Crab ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Yolk Granules ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

<em>Mercury concentrations were recorded in water and tissue of Barytelphusa cunicularis from Pimpalwadi site (Jaikwadi Dam) near Aurangabad. The level of heavy metals in the ovary and spermatheca of crabs was investigated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The mean concentration of mercury in the crab was 0.9 ±0.001 µg/g. A histopathological alteration in ovary and spermatheca was also studied. Several histological changes were noted in the ovary tissue i. e. Distortion of yolk granules, vacuolization, slight necrosis in the oocytes in the ovary and vacuolization observe in lumen, granular substances, sperm mass and spermathecal fluid was evenly distributed in the crab was observed after exposed to sublethal concentration (24<sup>th</sup> of LC<sub>50</sub>:1/5<sup>th</sup> 0.208 ppm) of mercuric chloride.</em>

scholarly journals Effect of Modified Kiln Dust and a Cationic Surfactant on the Removal of Aromatic and Heavy Metal Compounds from Fuels

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1508-1513
Author(s):  
Noura Yahya El Mehbad
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Cationic Surfactant ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Polar Molecules ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Kiln Dust

This paper aims to investigate removal of aromatic and heavy metals compounds from fuels using cement kiln dust, and a cationic surfactant. The effect of a cationic surfactant and the composition of kiln dust on the stability of fuel was studied. The optimum conditions of adsorption were investigated. The stability of fuels was improved after adsorption because of the absorption of heavy metals, which act as catalysts. The concentrations of kiln dust and additives are effective for the absorption of heteroatoms of polar and nonpolar molecules. The addition of different concentrations of the cationic surfactant to kiln dust enhances the removal of polar molecules in fuel. The relation between the efficiency of the cationic surfactant and the enhanced removal of polar molecules was established. This study suggests a new mechanism to remove polar molecules according to the structure of the additive. Several parameters that affect the performance of the removal process were investigated under all optimum conditions. A complete chemical analysis of the fuels before and after treatment was performed, and the stability of the fuel was evaluated at different conditions. The prepared additive could enhance the oil quality and is environmentally safe. The adsorption behaviour of kiln dust was investigated to find a new mechanism of its efficiency. The results confirm the role of the cationic surfactant in the purification of fuels and the effectiveness of kiln dust in improving the stability of fuels, which depend on the concentration of the cationic surfactant and the nature of the kiln dust.

Utilization of Powdered Cassava Stem as an Alternative Bioadsorbent for Lead (Pb2+) Removal from Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1033 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Tintin Mutiara ◽  
Andira Budi Trimartina ◽  
Rafika Erniza Putri ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Cassava Stem ◽  
Mesh Sieve

Industrial waste containing heavy metals can pollute the aquatic environment. One method that can be done to manage heavy waste is the adsorption method that uses adsorbent from cassava stem powder. This research was conducted to utilize cassava stem powder waste for the adsorption of Pb2 + metal ions. Cassava stem powder was mashed until it passed 100 mesh sieve. Cassava stems have a cellulose content of 70-80%, lignin 15-20%, ADF 15-20% and cellulose can be used as an absorber of heavy metals. The adsorption process is carried out with variations in pH, time and concentration under optimum conditions. In this adsorption involves the functional groups contained therein so that the interaction between the adsorbent with the metal ion Pb2 +. Based on the research, the optimum conditions were obtained at pH 6, 180 minutes contact time and 50 ppm concentration. This test is carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).

Separation of Aflatoxin-Contaminated Kernels from Sound Kernels by Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. R. S. CLAVERO ◽  
Y.-C. HUNO ◽  
L. R. BEUCHAT ◽  
T. NAKAYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Total Aflatoxin ◽  
Aflatoxin Content ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Order Polynomial ◽  
Contour Plots

Blends (0:1, 1:3, 1:1, and 3:1, wt/wt) of aflatoxin-contaminated and sound peanut kernels were submerged for 1, 2, and 3 min in various concentrations of hydrogen peroxide solution. The effectiveness of these treatments in separating aflatoxin-contaminated kernels from sound kernels was determined. Peanuts that floated (floaters) and those that did not (sinkers) were subjected to aflatoxin analysis. Second order polynomial equations were satisfactorily fitted to the experimental data. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations of 0.075, 0.150, and 0.25% resulted in a reduction in aflatoxin content in the kernels in the sinker fraction by 90% within 1 min, regardless of the initial aflatoxin content. The total aflatoxin content in sinker and floater fractions was approximately the same as that in unfractionated samples, indicating that the low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in treatment solutions did not degrade aflatoxin. Response surface methodology was used to generate contour plots which revealed optimum treatment conditions for giving a maximum yield of the sinker fraction with low aflatoxin content. For peanuts containing 50 ppb aflatoxin, optimum conditions consist of a 0.08% hydrogen peroxide treatment for 0.7 min. This procedure results in a maximum sinker fraction yield of 85.5% of the original lot with a residual aflatoxin content of ≤5 ppb.

scholarly journals II. RENAL THRESHOLD FOR HEMOGLOBIN IN DOGS UNINFLUENCED BY MERCURY POISONING

1932 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
William H. Havill ◽  
John A. Lichty ◽  
Gordon B. Taylor ◽  
George H. Whipple
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Tubular Epithelium ◽  
Mercury Poisoning ◽  
Renal Threshold ◽  
Convoluted Tubules ◽  
Hemoglobin Threshold ◽  
Glomerular Tuft

The minimal or depression renal threshold for dog hemoglobin is not modified by moderate doses of mercuric chloride. This type of renal injury involves the epithelium of the convoluted tubules but the glomeruli escape. We are unable to explain our findings if we assume that the tubular epithelium takes an active part in the passage of dog hemoglobin from the blood into the urine. The evidence points toward the glomerular tuft as responsible for the passage of the hemoglobin from the blood plasma into the tubules. The glomerular tuft establishes the true hemoglobin threshold under these conditions. If the convoluted tubules are normal, we note that hemoglobin is taken into the epithelium and this explains the high initial renal threshold. With repeated hemoglobin injections this tubular epithelium becomes stuffed with hemoglobin pigment fractions and can absorb no more, which explains the minimal or depression threshold. Further injury of this tubular epithelium with mercury causes no change in this minimal renal threshold, unless we produce actual tubular obstruction.

scholarly journals Effect of mercury (HG) on some biological parameters of channa punctatus

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Yogesh Gupta ◽  
Pravesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Channa Punctatus ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Yamuna River ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Values

<p>Freshwater fish, channa punctatus caught from Yamuna river studied for toxicity and biological parameters. In the present study short-term (96 hr) toxicity of mercury in relation to estimation of hematological test for channa punctatus. The control fishes showed mean value of 75.00 g/dL for hemoglobin. The fishes were exposed to sub- lethal concentration of mercuric chloride showed the hemoglobin mean values of 67.2, 50.8, 42.6 and 29.2 g/dL hemoglobin at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 ppm treatment respectively. The values for treatments showed a significant decrease when compared to the control (P-0.05).The heavy metals has a direct effect on the 96-hr LC50 values of the respective heavy metals and the susceptibility of fish.</p>

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