Corticosteroid Concentrations in Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) Exposed to Low Concentrations of Copper

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward M. Donaldson ◽  
Helen M. Dye
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Rapid Evaluation ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
Cupric Sulphate ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Yearling sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) were exposed for 1–24 h to 10−7, 10−6, or 10−5 molar cupric sulphate in freshwater aquaria. Plasma cortisol, cortisone, and "total" corticosteroid concentrations were measured by a competitive protein binding technique.Cortisol, cortisone and "total" corticosteroid levels were significantly higher than control concentrations after 1 h of exposure to 10−5 or 10−6 M copper. "Total" corticosteroid and cortisone concentrations were significantly higher than control concentrations after 2 and 4 h of exposure to 10−7 M copper, respectively. Fish exposed to 10−5 M copper died between 8 and 24 h.The data reflect a rapid corticosteroid stress response to lethal and sublethal concentrations of copper. The technique may be of use for rapid evaluation of effluents containing heavy metals, especially those containing a mixture of toxicants.

Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Sodium Pentachlorophenate on Growth Rate, Food Conversion Efficiency, and Swimming Performance in Underyearling Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Webb ◽  
J. R. Brett
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Ration Level ◽  
Sodium Pentachlorophenate ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

Tests were performed at 15 C, pH 6.8, and dissolved oxygen values of 90–100% air saturation. Growth rate and conversion efficiency were measured by feeding a ration level of 15% body dry weight/day to underyearling sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) held at sodium pentachlorophenate (PCP) concentrations of 0, 1.14, 1.99, 3.49, 7.16, 13.60, 27.73, 31.57, and 47.18 ppb. Swimming performance was measured at PCP concentrations of 0, 7.21, 19.00, and 50.00 ppb. The 96-hr LC50 was 63 ppb PCP. Growth rate and conversion efficiency were almost equally affected by PCP, the EC50 values being 1.74 ppb for growth rate and 1.80 ppb for conversion efficiency. This is approximately 2.8% of the 96-hr LC50. Swimming performance was unaffected by PCP at the concentrations used.

Impaired cortisol secretion in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes contaminated by heavy metals: in vivo and in vitro assessment

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 2752-2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie C Brodeur ◽  
Graham Sherwood ◽  
Joseph B Rasmussen ◽  
Alice Hontela
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Contaminated Site ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The characteristic elevation of plasma cortisol levels in response to an acute stress of capture was impaired in both male and female yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from lakes contaminated by heavy metals. The impairment of the cortisol stress response was observed in fish 4 + years and older whereas the capacity to elevate plasma cortisol levels of fish younger than 4 + was not significantly different at contaminated and reference sites. The responsiveness to ACTH of the interrenal tissue of 4 + yellow perch was evalutated in vitro to determine whether the impairment of the cortisol stress response is caused by a dysfunction of the interrenal tissue or if the dysfunction is located elsewhere in the hypothalamo-pituitary-interrenal axis controlling the secretion of cortisol. The amount of cortisol secreted by the interrenal tissue of yellow perch from a contaminated site in response to a 10-min stimulation with 10-7 M ACTH was significantly lower compared with fish from the reference site. These results indicate that the impairment of the cortisol stress response observed in fish from polluted sites is caused, at least in part, by a dysfunction of the interrenal tissue.

scholarly journals The Poisoning of Marinogammarus Marinus by Cupric Sulphate and Mercuric Chloride

1949 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
W. RUSSELL HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mercuric Chloride ◽  
Metabolic Process ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Mercury Poisoning ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Marine Amphipod ◽  
Cupric Sulphate ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Copper Poisoning

The toxicity, under various conditions, of cupric sulphate and mercuric chloride to the marine amphipod, Marinogammarus marinus, has been studied. With optimum conditions copper is virtually non-toxic over the range of concentrations studied (e.g. becoming effective as a poison on decrease in salinity or oxygen tension). The toxic action of mercury is not greatly affected by changed conditions. At very low concentrations, copper has a pronounced effect on animals undergoing mercury poisoning. Subtoxic traces of mercury have no effect on the course of copper poisoning. It is suggested that in M. marinus, mercury acts directly by poisoning of the protoplasm while the effect of copper is indirect, involving the upset of some metabolic process. The relation of this work to other studies of the action of heavy metals is briefly discussed.

Sex-specific differences in physiological recovery and short-term behaviour following fisheries capture in adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 1749-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika J. Eliason ◽  
Melissa Dick ◽  
David A. Patterson ◽  
Kendra A. Robinson ◽  
Jeremy Lotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Proximate Cause ◽  
Anaerobic Energy ◽  
Lower Plasma Glucose ◽  
Prolonged Recovery ◽  
Lactate Levels

Numerous laboratory and field studies have found that female Pacific salmon have higher mortality than males during their once-in-a-lifetime upriver spawning migration. However, the proximate cause(s) of this increased mortality are poorly understood. This study exposed sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) to a mild capture and tagging stressor and evaluated physiological recovery and movement behaviour at 1 and 4 h postrelease. Female sockeye salmon did not expend more anaerobic energy in response to the stressor but did have higher plasma lactate levels 4 h after the stressor, indicating that females took longer to physiologically recover compared with males. In addition, female salmon had lower plasma glucose but higher plasma cortisol, plasma K+, and cardiac lactate levels compared with males. Male and female salmon had markedly different postrelease behaviours within the first hour of release; males were more likely to hold position within the staging area. Two potential mechanisms leading to increased mortality in female salmon were identified in this study: (a) prolonged recovery duration (possibly mediated by elevated plasma cortisol levels) and (b) insufficient oxygen delivery to the heart.

scholarly journals Multi-omics phenotyping of the gut-liver axis reveals metabolic perturbations from a low-dose pesticide mixture in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Mesnage ◽  
Maxime Teixeira ◽  
Daniele Mandrioli ◽  
Laura Falcioni ◽  
Mariam Ibragim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Shotgun Metagenomics ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

AbstractHealth effects of pesticides are not always accurately detected using the current battery of regulatory toxicity tests. We compared standard histopathology and serum biochemistry measures and multi-omics analyses in a subchronic toxicity test of a mixture of six pesticides frequently detected in foodstuffs (azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, imidacloprid and thiabendazole) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Analysis of water and feed consumption, body weight, histopathology and serum biochemistry showed little effect. Contrastingly, serum and caecum metabolomics revealed that nicotinamide and tryptophan metabolism were affected, which suggested activation of an oxidative stress response. This was not reflected by gut microbial community composition changes evaluated by shotgun metagenomics. Transcriptomics of the liver showed that 257 genes had their expression changed. Gene functions affected included the regulation of response to steroid hormones and the activation of stress response pathways. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of the same liver samples showed that 4,255 CpG sites were differentially methylated. Overall, we demonstrated that in-depth molecular profiling in laboratory animals exposed to low concentrations of pesticides allows the detection of metabolic perturbations that would remain undetected by standard regulatory biochemical measures and which could thus improve the predictability of health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants.

Resumption of anadromy or straying? Origins of Sockeye Salmon Oncorhynchus nerka in the Elwha River

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas P. Quinn ◽  
George R. Pess ◽  
Ben J.G. Sutherland ◽  
Samuel J. Brenkman ◽  
Ruth E. Withler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Elwha River

Alternative Recruitment Models of Adams River Sockeye Salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1551-1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy S. Collie ◽  
Carl J. Walters
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Ricker Model ◽  
The Status ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
High Yields

Despite evidence of depensatory interactions among year-classes of Adams River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), the best management policy is one of equal escapement for all year-classes. We fit alternative models (Ricker model and Larkin model) to 32 yr of stock–recruitment data and checked, using simulation tests, that the significant interaction terms in the Larkin model are not caused by biases in estimating the parameters. We identified a parameter set (Rationalizer model) for which the status quo cyclic escapement policy is optimal, but this set fits the observed data very poorly. Thus it is quite unlikely that the Rationalizer model is correct or that the status quo escapement policy is optimal. Using the fitted stock–recruitment parameters, we simulated the sockeye population under several management policies. The escapement policy optimal under the Ricker model is best overall because of the high yields if it should be correct. If the three stock–recruitment models are equally likely to be correct, the simulations predict that adopting a constant-escapement policy would increase long-term yield 30% over the current policy and that an additional 15% increase in yield could be obtained if the policy were actively adaptive.

Reduced growth in wild juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka infected with sea lice

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Godwin ◽  
L. M. Dill ◽  
M. Krkošek ◽  
M. H. H. Price ◽  
J. D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sockeye Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Nerka ◽  
Sea Lice
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