The Combustion Process in the Compression-Ignition Engine

1938 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 415-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Drinkwater ◽  
A. C. Egerton
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Cylinder Wall ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
Compression And Expansion ◽  
The University

The object of the work, which was carried out in the University Engineering Laboratory, Oxford, was to investigate the combustion process in a compression-ignition engine by determining the extent of the chemical reactions of the fuel and air at various stages during the compression and expansion strokes. The results of the tests are illustrated by several curves showing the percentage volumes of the constituent gases in the engine cylinder at different points in the cycle. Various inferences are drawn concerning the combustion in this type of engine. Attempts were made to determine the concentration of aldehydes in the gases, but the tests showed that the amount was less than anticipated. Oxides of nitrogen were detected, and considered to have an influence upon cylinder wall corrosion. It is suggested that there is scope for further work using the sampling method for investigating combustion problems in engines under running conditions.

Low Cetane Fuels in Compression Ignition Engine to Achieve LTC

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swami Nathan Subramanian ◽  
Stephen Ciatti
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Low Temperature Combustion ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Conventional Combustion

The conventional combustion processes of Spark Ignition (SI) and Compression Ignition (CI) have their respective merits and demerits. Internal combustion engines use certain fuels to utilize those conventional combustion technologies. High octane fuels are required to operate the engine in SI mode, while high cetane fuels are preferable for CI mode of operation. Those conventional combustion techniques struggle to meet the current emissions norms while retaining high efficiency. In particular, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have limited the utilization of diesel fuel in compression ignition engines, and conventional gasoline operated SI engines are not fuel efficient. Advanced combustion concepts have shown the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emissions performance. Low Temperature Combustion (LTC) offers reduced NOx and PM emissions with comparable modern diesel engine efficiencies. The ability of premixed, low-temperature compression ignition to deliver low PM and NOx emissions is dependent on achieving optimal combustion phasing. Variations in injection pressures, injection schemes and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) are studied with low octane gasoline LTC. Reductions in emissions are a function of combustion phasing and local equivalence ratio. Engine speed, load, EGR quantity, compression ratio and fuel octane number are all factors that influence combustion phasing. Low cetane fuels have shown comparable diesel efficiencies with low NOx emissions at reasonably high power densities.

scholarly journals Research on combustion process of gasoline homogenous charge compression ignition engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Corneliu Cofaru ◽  
Mihaela Virginia Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Fuel Mixture ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition

The paper presents the research designed to develop a HCCI (Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition) engine starting from a spark ignition engine platform. The chosen test engine was a single cylinder, four strokes provided with a carburettor. The results of experimental research data obtained on this version were used as a baseline for the next phase of the research. In order to obtain the HCCI configuration, the engine was modified, as follows: the compression ratio was increased from 9.7 to 11.5 to ensure that the air – fuel mixture auto-ignite and to improve the engine efficiency; the carburettor was replaced by a direct fuel injection system in order to control precisely the fuel mass per cycle taking into account the measured intake air-mass; the valves shape were modified to provide a safety engine operation by ensuring the provision of sufficient clearance beetween the valve and the piston; the exchange gas system was changed from fixed timing to variable valve timing to have the possibilities of modification of quantities of trapped burnt gases. The cylinder processes were simulated on virtual model. The experimental research works were focused on determining the parameters which control the combustion timing of HCCI engine to obtain the best energetic and ecologic parameters.

Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the effect of mixture heterogeneity on combustion process in a premixed charge compression ignition engine

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Saijyo ◽  
T Kojima ◽  
K Nishiwaki
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Fuel Mass ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Fuel Mass Fraction

We analyzed the interrelationships between mixture heterogeneity and reaction in a premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion, using large eddy simulation (LES) in conjunction with a reaction kinetics model. The aim of this analysis is to find the statistical characteristics of the mixture heterogeneity in a turbulent flowfield for moderating the PCCI combustion and for increasing an output limit, which is restricted by a severe knock. Several different initial conditions of heterogeneity of an air-fuel or air-fuel-EGR gas mixture were given at the intake valve closing time by a new method, which generated statistically reasonable turbulent fluctuations in both velocity and fuel mass fraction fields. The autoignition and combustion behaviours were analysed for several different sets of the r.m.s. and the length scale of the fluctuations in the fuel mass fraction. The analyses show that the combination of a larger r.m.s. value and a longer-length scale of the fluctuations in fuel mass fraction is effective to slow the combustion in a hot flame reaction phase and to avoid knocking. The analytical results also show that the heterogeneous distribution of an EGR gas has a considerable effect in making the combustion slower, even when a fuel-air mixture is homogeneous.

Production, Performance and Emissions of Biodiesel as Compression Ignition Engine Fuel

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambarish Datta ◽  
Bijan Kumar Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Production Performance ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Waste Frying Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Ci Engines

The enhanced use of diesel fuel and the strict emission norms for the protection of environment have necessitated finding sustainable alternative and relatively green fuels for compression ignition engines. This paper presents a brief review on the current status of biodiesel production and its performance and emission characteristics as compression ignition engine fuel. This study is based on the reports on biodiesel fuels published in the current literature by different researchers. Biodiesel can be produced from crude vegetable oil, non-edible oil, waste frying oil, animal tallow and also from algae by a chemical process called transesterification. Biodiesel is also called methyl or ethyl ester of the corresponding feed stocks from which it has been produced. Biodiesel is completely miscible with diesel oil, thus allowing the use of blends of mineral diesel and biodiesel in any percentage. Presently, biodiesel is blended with mineral diesel and used commercially as fuel in many countries. Biodiesel fueled CI engines perform more or less in the same way as that fueled with the mineral diesel. Exhaust emissions are significantly improved due the use of biodiesel or blends of biodiesel and mineral diesel. The oxides of nitrogen are found to be greater in exhaust in case of biodiesel compared to mineral diesel. But the higher viscosity of biodiesel also enhances the lubricating property. Biodiesel being an oxygenated fuel improves combustion.

scholarly journals Simulation of Combustion Process of Diesel and Ethanol Fuel in Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Engine

CFD letters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Fatin Farhanah Zulkurnai ◽  
Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Mahmood ◽  
Norhidayah Mat Taib ◽  
Mohd Radzi Abu Mansor
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition ◽  
Complete Combustion

Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) engine give advantages over conventional diesel engine with the promising engine power and good control on NOx and soot emission. The trend of the RCCI concept is still new and Is very important to control the ignition in order to control the combustion progress and emission. The objective of this study is to provide data on the combustion characteristics and emission of diesel as high reactive, and ethanol as the low reactive fuel in the RCCI engine. The engine speed and injection timing were varied. Simulation work was conducted by using the Converge CFD software based on the Yanmar TF90 diesel engine parameter. Results show that operating the engine at low speed resulting in better engine performance and low carbon emissions due to the sufficient oxygen contents. For the high-speed engine, advancing the injection timing improves the fuel and air reactivity and steeper the equivalence ratio gradient, which result in a complete combustion process.

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