Effects of Exercise- or Caloric Restriction-Induced Weight Loss on Muscle Size and Strength and VO2max

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S22
Author(s):  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
Karen Steger-May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Muscle Size

scholarly journals Lower extremity muscle size and strength and aerobic capacity decrease with caloric restriction but not with exercise-induced weight loss

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 634-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Susan B. Racette ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
Karen Steger-May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Physical Work Capacity ◽  
Exercise Induced

Caloric restriction (CR) results in fat loss; however, it may also result in loss of muscle and thereby reduce strength and aerobic capacity (V̇o2 max). These effects may not occur with exercise-induced weight loss (EX) because of the anabolic effects of exercise on heart and skeletal muscle. We tested the hypothesis that CR reduces muscle size and strength and V̇o2 max, whereas EX preserves or improves these parameters. Healthy 50- to 60-yr-old men and women (body mass index of 23.5–29.9 kg/m2) were studied before and after 12 mo of weight loss by CR ( n = 18) or EX ( n = 16). Lean mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, thigh muscle volume by MRI, isometric and isokinetic knee flexor strength by dynamometry, and treadmill V̇o2 max by indirect calorimetry. Both interventions caused significant decreases in body weight (CR: −10.7 ± 1.4%, EX: −9.5 ± 1.5%) and lean mass (CR: −3.5 ± 0.7%, EX: −2.2 ± 0.8%), with no significant differences between groups. Significant decreases in thigh muscle volume (−6.9 ± 0.8%) and composite knee flexion strength (−7.2 ± 3%) occurred in the CR group only. Absolute V̇o2 max decreased significantly in the CR group (−6.8 ± 2.3%), whereas the EX group had significant increases in both absolute (+15.5 ± 2.4%) and relative (+28.3 ± 3.0%) V̇o2 max. These data provide evidence that muscle mass and absolute physical work capacity decrease in response to 12 mo of CR but not in response to a similar weight loss induced by exercise. These findings suggest that, during EX, the body adapts to maintain or even enhance physical performance capacity.

scholarly journals Caloric Restriction Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction and the Changes in Hypothalamic Neuropeptides Associated with Obesity Independently of Dietary Fat Content in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 2128
Author(s):  
Marina Martín ◽  
Amaia Rodríguez ◽  
Javier Gómez-Ambrosi ◽  
Beatriz Ramírez ◽  
Sara Becerril ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Food Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Hypothalamic Neuropeptides ◽  
Ad Libitum

Energy restriction is a first therapy in the treatment of obesity, but the underlying biological mechanisms have not been completely clarified. We analyzed the effects of restriction of high-fat diet (HFD) on weight loss, circulating gut hormone levels and expression of hypothalamic neuropeptides. Ten-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 40) were randomly distributed into four groups: two fed ad libitum a normal diet (ND) (N group) or a HFD (H group) and two subjected to a 25% caloric restriction of ND (NR group) or HFD (HR group) for 9 weeks. A 25% restriction of HFD over 9 weeks leads to a 36% weight loss with regard to the group fed HFD ad libitum accompanied by normal values in adiposity index and food efficiency ratio (FER). This restriction also carried the normalization of NPY, AgRP and POMC hypothalamic mRNA expression, without changes in CART. Caloric restriction did not succeed in improving glucose homeostasis but reduced HFD-induced hyperinsulinemia. In conclusion, 25% restriction of HFD reduced adiposity and improved metabolism in experimental obesity, without changes in glycemia. Restriction of the HFD triggered the normalization of hypothalamic NPY, AgRP and POMC expression, as well as ghrelin and leptin levels.

Weight loss in obese men by caloric restriction and high-dose diazoxide–mediated insulin suppression

2008 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 080512004419299-??? ◽  
Author(s):  
G. van Boekel ◽  
S. Loves ◽  
A. van Sorge ◽  
J. Ruinemans-Koerts ◽  
T. Rijnders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
High Dose

scholarly journals Local Administration of Caloric Restriction Mimetics to Promote the Immune Control of Lung Metastases

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentino Le Noci ◽  
Michele Sommariva ◽  
Francesca Bianchi ◽  
Tiziana Triulzi ◽  
Elda Tagliabue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Lung Structure ◽  
Collateral Effects ◽  
M1 Phenotype

Caloric restriction mimetics (CRMs), compounds that mimic the biochemical effects of nutrient deprivation, administered via systemic route promote antitumor effects through the induction of autophagy and the modulation of the immune microenvironment; however, collateral effects due to metabolic changes and the possible weight loss might potentially limit their administration at long term. Here, we investigated in mice local administration of CRMs via aerosol to reduce metastasis implantation in the lung, whose physiologic immunosuppressive status favors tumor growth. Hydroxycitrate, spermidine, and alpha-lipoic acid, CRMs that target different metabolic enzymes, administered by aerosol, strongly reduced implantation of intravenously injected B16 melanoma cells without overt signs of toxicity, such as weight loss and changes in lung structure. Cytofluorimetric analysis of lung immune infiltrates revealed a significant increase of alveolar macrophages and CD103+ dendritic cells in mice treated with CRMs that paralleled an increased recruitment and activation of both CD3 T lymphocytes and NK cells. These effects were associated with the upregulation of genes related to M1 phenotype, as IL-12 and STAT-1, and to the decrease of M2 genes, as IL-10 and STAT-6, in adherent fraction of lung immune infiltrate, as revealed by real-time PCR analysis. Thus, in this proof-of-principle study, we highlight the antitumor effect of CRM aerosol delivery as a new and noninvasive therapeutic approach to locally modulate immunosurveillance at the tumor site in the lung.

Changes in Insulin Resistance Following Bariatric Surgery: Role of Caloric Restriction and Weight Loss

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Gumbs ◽  
Irvin M. Modlin ◽  
Garth H. Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Caloric Restriction

scholarly journals Lipolysis defect in white adipose tissue and rapid weight regain

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. E185-E193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kasher-Meron ◽  
Dou Y. Youn ◽  
Haihong Zong ◽  
Jeffery E. Pessin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Serine Phosphorylation ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Period

Weight regain after weight loss is a well-described phenomenon in both humans and animal models of obesity. Reduced energy expenditure and increased caloric intake are considered the main drivers of weight regain. We hypothesized that adipose tissue with obesity memory (OM) has a tissue-autonomous lipolytic defect, allowing for increased efficiency of lipid storage. We utilized a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, which was subjected to 60% caloric restriction to achieve lean body weight, followed by a short period of high-fat diet (HFD) rechallenge. Age-matched lean mice fed HFD for the first time were used as the control group. Upon rechallenge with HFD, mice with OM had higher respiratory exchange ratios than lean mice with no OM despite comparable body weight, suggesting higher utilization of glucose over fatty acid oxidation. White adipose tissue explants with OM had comparable lipolytic response after caloric restriction; however, reduced functional lipolytic response to norepinephrine was noted as early as 5 days after rechallenge with HFD and was accompanied by reduction in hormone-sensitive lipase serine phosphorylation. The relative lipolytic defect was associated with increased expression of inflammatory genes and a decrease in adrenergic receptor genes, most notably Adrb3. Taken together, white adipose tissue of lean mice with OM shows increased sensitization to HFD compared with white adipose tissue with no OM, rendering it resistant to catecholamine-induced lipolysis. This relative lipolytic defect is tissue-autonomous and could play a role in the rapid weight regain observed after weight loss.

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