Blood Flow Following Glucose Ingestion Is Blunted During Pregnancy

The metabolic and circulatory responses to intravenous or oral administration of glucose (75 g) were studied in healthy subjects. Pulmonary oxygen uptake increased promptly after oral but not during intravenous glucose infusion. The average 2-h rise above basal in whole body oxygen uptake was 8 +/- 1% (P < 0.001) after oral glucose and 3 +/- 1% (P < 0.05) during intravenous glucose infusion. After oral glucose, splanchnic oxygen uptake rose initially by approximately 15% (P < 0.01) and then declined; its average 2-h postprandial level was not significantly higher than that in the basal state. During intravenous glucose, splanchnic oxygen uptake decreased gradually during the first 75 min, reaching a level approximately 25% below basal (P < 0.05). Oxygen consumption by extrasplanchnic tissues rose significantly and to a similar extent (8%, 2 h average) with both intravenous and oral glucose. Splanchnic blood flow increased significantly after oral but not during intravenous glucose. It is concluded that 1) intravenous infusion and oral glucose administration elicit extrasplanchnic thermogenic effects of similar magnitude, 2) during intravenous glucose infusion, the extrasplanchnic thermogenic effect is counterbalanced by a simultaneous reduction in splanchnic oxygen uptake, resulting in a minimal (3%) net rise in whole body oxygen uptake, and 3) oral glucose ingestion but not intravenous glucose infusion increases the splanchnic blood flow.

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Whole body and splanchnic metabolic and circulatory effects of glucose during beta-adrenergic receptor inhibition

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1997.272.4.e678 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (4) ◽

pp. E678-E687 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. Brundin ◽

A. K. Aksnes ◽

J. Wahren

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Time Course ◽

Splanchnic Blood Flow ◽

Whole Body ◽

Adrenergic Stimulation ◽

Adrenergic Mechanisms ◽

Circulatory Effects ◽

Glucose Ingestion ◽

Splanchnic Oxygen

The aim of the study was to assess the possible contribution of adrenergic mechanisms to the thermogenic and circulatory effects of glucose ingestion. With the use of indirect calorimetry and arterial, pulmonary arterial, and hepatic venous catheterization, whole body and splanchnic oxygen uptake and blood flow were examined in nine propranolol-treated healthy male volunteers before and during 2 h after oral ingestion of 75 g of glucose. The glucose effects were compared with those in nine untreated controls. After propranolol, the glucose-induced rise in splanchnic blood flow was reduced by approximately 60%, and the hepatic venous glucose release to the systemic circulation was significantly delayed. Glucose-induced increments in pulmonary and splanchnic oxygen uptake and cardiac output were similar in the two groups. It is concluded that adrenergic mechanisms contribute to the glucose-induced rise in splanchnic blood flow and thereby probably to the time course for intestinal absorption of nutrients. It is suggested that the magnitude of glucose-induced thermogenesis is independent of adrenergic stimulation.

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High-glucose mixed-nutrient meal ingestion impairs skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow in healthy young men

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00540.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 (6) ◽

pp. E1014-E1021 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lewan Parker ◽

Dale J. Morrison ◽

Andrew C. Betik ◽

Katherine Roberts-Thomson ◽

Gunveen Kaur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

High Glucose ◽

Young Men ◽

Arterial Blood Flow ◽

Thigh Muscle ◽

Microvascular Blood Flow ◽

Arterial Blood ◽

Glucose Ingestion ◽

Meal Ingestion

Oral glucose ingestion leads to impaired muscle microvascular blood flow (MBF), which may contribute to acute hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance. We investigated whether incorporating lipids and protein into a high-glucose load would prevent postprandial MBF dysfunction. Ten healthy young men (age, 27 yr [24, 30], mean with lower and upper bounds of the 95% confidence interval; height, 180 cm [174, 185]; weight, 77 kg [70, 84]) ingested a high-glucose (1.1 g/kg glucose) mixed-nutrient meal (10 kcal/kg; 45% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 35% fat) in the morning after an overnight fast. Femoral arterial blood flow was measured via Doppler ultrasound, and thigh MBF was measured via contrast-enhanced ultrasound, before meal ingestion and 1 h and 2 h postprandially. Blood glucose and plasma insulin were measured at baseline and every 15 min throughout the 2-h postprandial period. Compared with baseline, thigh muscle microvascular blood volume, velocity, and flow were significantly impaired at 60 min postprandial (−25%, −27%, and −46%, respectively; all P < 0.05) and to a greater extent at 120 min postprandial (−37%, −46%, and −64%; all P < 0.01). Heart rate and femoral arterial diameter, blood velocity, and blood flow were significantly increased at 60 min and 120 min postprandial (all P < 0.05). Higher blood glucose area under the curve was correlated with greater MBF dysfunction ( R2 = 0.742; P < 0.001). Ingestion of a high-glucose mixed-nutrient meal impairs MBF in healthy individuals for up to 2 h postprandial.

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Lipolysis and Lactate Production in Human Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue following Glucose Ingestion

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0940071 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 94 (1) ◽

pp. 71-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Daniëlle A. J. M. Kerckhoffs ◽

Peter Arner ◽

Jan Bolinder

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Muscle Blood Flow ◽

Lactate Production ◽

Tissue Blood Flow ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Glucose Load ◽

Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽

Glucose Ingestion

1. Using microdialysis, we compared lipolysis, as well as the production of lactate, in human adipose tissue and muscle after the ingestion of carbohydrate. 2. The absolute concentrations of glycerol and lactate were measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and arterialized venous blood in eight normal subjects during basal conditions and 4 h after a 75 g oral glucose load. Nutritive blood flow in muscle and adipose tissue was monitored simultaneously with the microdialysis ethanol clearance technique. 3. At baseline, the concentrations of glycerol in adipose tissue and in muscle were about 7 times and about 2.5 times higher respectively than those in plasma. After glucose ingestion, the changes in glycerol concentrations differed significantly between the three compartments (P < 0.0001). In plasma and adipose tissue, the concentrations decreased rapidly and markedly, but returned to baseline levels after 4 h. In muscle, the decrease in glycerol was less pronounced and more protracted. 4. At baseline, the concentrations of lactate in muscle and in adipose tissue were about 3 times and about 1.5 times higher respectively than those in plasma. After the ingestion of glucose, the levels increased transiently in similar ways in muscle, adipose tissue and plasma. The differences in absolute lactate concentrations between the three compartments were maintained after the glucose load (P < 0.001). 5. Adipose tissue blood flow increased transiently after glucose ingestion, whereas muscle blood flow remained unchanged. 6. Both muscle and adipose tissue are a source of glycerol and lactate release during basal conditions and after glucose ingestion. The regulation of lactate production, but not of lipolysis, after carbohydrate ingestion is similar in the two tissues.

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Impaired superficial femoral artery vasodilation and leg blood flow in young obese women following an oral glucose tolerance test

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h11-148 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 176-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

T.D. Olver ◽

T.J. Hazell ◽

C.D. Hamilton ◽

J.K. Shoemaker ◽

P.W.R. Lemon

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Young Women ◽

Femoral Artery ◽

Superficial Femoral Artery ◽

Tolerance Test ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Obese Women ◽

Leg Blood Flow ◽

Glucose Ingestion

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that glucose ingestion following an overnight fast increases leg vascular conductance (LVCd) and superficial femoral artery (SFA) vasodilation in lean but not obese young women. Obese (23.5 ± 4.0 years, 84.7 ± 14.7 kg, 37.2% ± 6.4% fat; mean ± SD, n = 8) and lean (23.8 ± 2.4 years, 60.6 ± 4.0 kg, 22.3% ± 2.8% fat; n = 8) women arrived in the laboratory at 0830 h after a 12-h overnight fast for body composition (densitometry) assessment. Then, capillary blood glucose (BGlu), plasma insulin, heart rate, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, leg blood flow (Doppler ultrasound), and LVCd were measured (after 15 min in the supine position), and at 30-min intervals for 2 h following glucose ingestion (75 g glucose load, 12.5% solution). Fasting BGlu concentration was not different between groups (obese = 5.1 ± 0.47 vs. lean = 4.9 ± 0.37 mmol·L–1, p = 0.71) but 60, 90, and 120 min postingestion BGlu was elevated (p ≤ 0.03) in the obese women. Insulin differences were not significant. Fasting LVCd was not different between groups (lean = 0.72 ± 0.49 vs. obese = 0.70 ± 0.19 mL·min–1·mm Hg–1; p = 0.48); however, LVCd, as well as Δ in SFA diameter were significantly elevated (p ≤ 0.04) in the lean compared with the obese group at 60, 90, and 120 min postglucose ingestion (LVCd, peak lean = 1.4 ± 0.5 vs. peak obese = 0.8 ± 0.1 mL·min–1·mm Hg–1; Δ in SFA, peak lean = 0.51 ± 0.30 vs. peak obese = 0.09 ± 0.45 mm). The reduced LVCd following glucose ingestion could contribute to impaired glucose tolerance. Further, the lack of SFA dilation may be evidence of impaired vascular insulin responsiveness in these obese young women.

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Acute Inactivity Impairs Glycemic Control but Not Blood Flow to Glucose Ingestion

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/mss.0000000000000508 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1087-1094 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

LERYN J. REYNOLDS ◽

DANIEL P. CREDEUR ◽

SETH W. HOLWERDA ◽

HEATHER J. LEIDY ◽

PAUL J. FADEL ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Glucose Ingestion

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Seven days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion in patients with type 2 diabetes

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00489.2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 111 (3) ◽

pp. 657-664 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Catherine R. Mikus ◽

Seth T. Fairfax ◽

Jessica L. Libla ◽

Leryn J. Boyle ◽

Lauro C. Vianna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Aerobic Exercise Training ◽

Artery Blood Flow ◽

Conduit Artery ◽

Glucose Ingestion

The vasodilatory effects of insulin account for up to 40% of insulin-mediated glucose disposal; however, insulin-stimulated vasodilation is impaired in individuals with type 2 diabetes, limiting perfusion and delivery of glucose and insulin to target tissues. To determine whether exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow following glucose ingestion, a stimulus for increasing circulating insulin, we assessed femoral blood flow (FBF; Doppler ultrasound) during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g glucose) in 11 overweight or obese (body mass index, 34 ± 1 kg/m2), sedentary (peak oxygen consumption, 23 ± 1 ml·kg−1·min−1) individuals (53 ± 2 yr) with non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes (HbA1c, 6.63 ± 0.18%) before and after 7 days of supervised treadmill and cycling exercise (60 min/day, 60–75% heart rate reserve). Fasting glucose, insulin, and FBF were not significantly different after 7 days of exercise, nor were glucose or insulin responses to the OGTT. However, estimates of whole body insulin sensitivity (Matsuda insulin sensitivity index) increased ( P < 0.05). Before exercise training, FBF did not change significantly during the OGTT (1 ± 7, −7 ± 5, 0 ± 6, and 0 ± 5% of fasting FBF at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively). In contrast, after exercise training, FBF increased by 33 ± 9, 39 ± 14, 34 ± 7, and 48 ± 18% above fasting levels at 75, 90, 105, and 120 min, respectively ( P < 0.05 vs. corresponding preexercise time points). Additionally, postprandial glucose responses to a standardized breakfast meal consumed under “free-living” conditions decreased during the final 3 days of exercise ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, 7 days of aerobic exercise training improves conduit artery blood flow during an OGTT in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

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Changes in forearm blood flow at elevated ambient temperature and their role in the apparent impairment of glucose tolerance

Clinical Science ◽

10.1042/cs0760323 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

K. N. Frayn ◽

P. L. Whyte ◽

H. A. Benson ◽

D. J. Earl ◽

H. A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Oxygen Saturation ◽

Ambient Temperature ◽

Forearm Blood Flow ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Time Curve ◽

Glucose Ingestion

1. Antecubital venous plasma glucose and insulin concentrations after ingestion of 75 g of glucose were higher in six normal subjects when studied at an ambient temperature of 33°C than at an ambient temperature of 23°C; the mean area under the glucose-time curve increased from 833 at 23°C to 990 mmol min 1−1 at 33°C, that for insulin from 5300 to 7900 m-units min 1−1. 2. Core temperature was elevated by 0.5°C at 33°C ambient, although there was no marked stress response as judged by plasma levels of catecholamines, cortisol and growth hormone; at 2 h after glucose ingestion, mean noradrenaline levels were lower at 33°C than at 23°C (1.1 at 33°C vs 1.8 nmol/l at 23°C), adrenaline slightly higher (0.18 at 33°C vs 0.09 nmol/l at 23°C), cortisol and growth hormone unchanged. 3. Forearm blood flow was markedly elevated at 33°C ambient (mean total flow 9.1 at 33°C vs 1.8 ml min−1 100 ml−1 at 23°C), as were antecubital venous partial pressure of oxygen (mean 10.1 at 33°C vs 5.6 kPa at 23°C) and oxygen saturation (mean 92% at 33°C vs 70% at 23°C). There was a positive correlation between oxygen saturation and area under the glucose tolerance curve. 4. In separate experiments, arterialized glucose concentrations were measured after glucose ingestion at 23°C ambient. Antecubital venous glucose concentrations at 33°C ambient were intermediate between venous and arterialized concentrations at 23°C ambient. 5. It is concluded that the apparent impairment of glucose tolerance at elevated ambient temperature is caused at least in part by increased arterialization of the antecubital venous blood. This potential variable must be considered in research or diagnostic procedures based on the use of venous blood.

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Increase in calf blood flow with glucose ingestion

Journal of the Society for Gynecologic Investigation ◽

10.1016/s1071-5576(97)86506-9 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 143A-143A

Author(s):

M SAILLANT ◽

L BUCKSHAW ◽

M SMITHBARBOUR ◽

R LIEDTKE ◽

M DIAMOND

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Calf Blood Flow ◽

Glucose Ingestion

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The initial physiological responses to glucose ingestion in normal subjects are modified by a 3 d high-fat diet

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19900072 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 64 (3) ◽

pp. 705-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. B. Sidery ◽

I. W. Gallen ◽

I. A. Macdonald

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Insulin Response ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Glucose Load ◽

High Fat ◽

Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽

Glucose Ingestion

The present study was designed to investigate whether 3 d of high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet (with normal daily energy intake) affected the metabolic, cardiovascular and thermic responses to an oral glucose load (1.5 g/kg body-weight). Eight normal weight, healthy subjects (five male) consumed diets containing approximately 65 % by energy of carbohydrate (C) or fat (F), each for 3 d. Before and after glucose ingestion, continuous recordings of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production were made using indirect calorimetry, and metabolic rate (MR) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were calculated. Heart rate, blood pressure and limb blood flow were also measured. There was no significant change in baseline MR following the high-fat diet, but the fasting RER was reduced. The high-fat diet modified the responses to oral glucose, with a greater increase in MR (kJ/min; C + 0.38, F + 0.76), and an enhanced plasma insulin response (mU/l; C + 51.5, F + 85.0). There were no differences between the two diets with respect to the baseline blood glucose levels or the changes after glucose ingestion. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressures and blood flow responses to the glucose load were similar after the two diets. There was no plasma catecholamine response to glucose ingestion. It can be concluded that a high-fat diet alters the initial thermic response and insulin response but does not alter the other physiological responses to glucose ingestion.

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