Appetite and Energy Intake Regulation in Response to Acute Exercise

ObjectiveCirculating albumin is negatively associated with adiposity but whether it is associated with increased energy intake, lower energy expenditure or weight gain has not been examined.MethodsIn study 1 (n=238; 146 men), we evaluated whether fasting albumin concentration was associated with 24-h energy expenditure and ad libitum energy intake. In study 2 (n=325;167 men), we evaluated the association between plasma albumin and change in weight and body composition.ResultsAfter adjustment for known determinants of energy intake lower plasma albumin concentration was associated with greater total daily energy intake (β= 89.8 kcal/day per 0.1 g/dl difference in plasma albumin, p=0.0047). No associations were observed between plasma albumin concentrations and 24-h energy expenditure or 24-h respiratory quotient (p>0.2). Over 6 years, volunteers gained on average 7.5 ± 11.7 kg (p<0.0001). Lower albumin concentrations were associated with greater weight [β=3.53 kg, p=0.039 (adjusted for age, sex, follow up time), CI 0.16 to 6.21 per 1 g/dl difference albumin concentration] and fat mass (β=2.3 kg, p=0.022), respectively, but not with changes in fat free mass (p=0.06).ConclusionsLower albumin concentrations were associated with increased ad libitum food intake and weight gain, indicating albumin as a marker of energy intake regulation.Clinical Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifiers NCT00340132, NCT00342732.

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Appetite regulation in overweight, sedentary men after different amounts of endurance exercise: a randomized controlled trial

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00680.2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 115 (11) ◽

pp. 1599-1609 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mads Rosenkilde ◽

Michala Holm Reichkendler ◽

Pernille Auerbach ◽

Signe Toräng ◽

Anne Sofie Gram ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Endurance Exercise ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

High Dose ◽

Appetite Regulation ◽

Breakfast Meal ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

High Doses

Weight loss induced by endurance exercise is often disappointing, possibly due to an increase in energy intake mediated through greater appetite. The aim of this study was to evaluate fasting, postprandial, and postexercise appetite regulation after an intervention prescribing two amounts of endurance exercise. Sixty-four sedentary, overweight, healthy young men were randomized to control (CON), moderate-dose (MOD: ∼30 min/day), or high-dose (HIGH: ∼60 min/day) endurance exercise for 12 wk. Along with subjective appetite ratings, plasma ghrelin, glucagon, insulin, peptide YY3–36, glucose, free fatty acids, and glycerol were measured during fasting and in relation to a breakfast meal and an acute bout of exercise, both at baseline and at follow-up. Ad libitum lunch energy intake was evaluated 3 h after the breakfast meal. Despite different amounts of endurance exercise, the subjects lost similar amounts of fat mass (MOD: 4.2 ± 0.5 kg; HIGH: 3.7 ± 0.5 kg). Fasting and postprandial insulin decreased ∼20% in both exercise groups ( P < 0.03 vs. CON). Appetite measurements were not upregulated in the fasting and postprandial states. On the contrary, fasting and postprandial ratings of fullness and postprandial PYY3–36 increased in HIGH ( P < 0.001 vs. CON). Ad libitum lunch energy intake remained unchanged over the course of the intervention. In both exercise groups, plasma ghrelin increased in relation to acute exercise after training. Thus neither moderate nor high doses of daily endurance exercise increased fasting and postprandial measures of appetite, but a high dose of exercise was associated with an increase in fasting and meal-related ratings of fullness and satiety.

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Effect of Acute Exercise and Cycling Desk on Energy Intake and Appetite Response to Mental Work: The CORTEX Study

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 433-439

Author(s):

David Thivel ◽

Pauline Genin ◽

Alicia Fillon ◽

Marwa Khammassi ◽

Johanna Roche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Expenditure ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Cognitive Task ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Exercise Bout ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Short Term ◽

Mental Work ◽

Visual Analog Scales

Background: While mental work has been shown to favor overconsumption, the present study compared the effect of a cognitive task alone, followed by acute exercise, or performed on a cycling desk, on short-term food intake and appetite in adults. Methods: A total of 19 normal-weight adults randomly completed: resting session (CON), 30-minute cognitive task (CT), 30-minute cognitive task followed by a 15-minute high-intensity interval exercise bout (CT–EX), and 30-minute cognitive task performed on a cycling desk (CT-CD). Energy expenditure was estimated (heart rate–workload relationship), and energy intake (EI; ad libitum) and appetite (visual analog scales) were assessed. Results: Energy expenditure was higher in CT-EX (P < .001) compared with the other conditions and in CT-CD compared with CON and CT (P < .01). EI was higher in CON (P < .05) and CT-CD compared with CT (P < .01). Relative EI was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and lower in CT-EX compared with CT, CT-CD, and CON (all Ps < .001). Area under the curve desire to eat was higher in CON compared with CT (P < .05) and CT-EX (P < .01). Area under the curve prospective food consumption was higher in CON compared with CT-EX (P < .01). Overall composite appetite score was not different between conditions. Conclusion: While cycling desks are recommended to break up sedentary time, the induced increase in energy expenditure might not be enough to significantly reduce overall short-term relative EI after mental work.

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Development and preliminary testing of a technology-enhanced intervention to improve energy intake regulation in children

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2020.104830 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 155 ◽

pp. 104830

Author(s):

Nicole A. Reigh ◽

Barbara J. Rolls ◽

Jennifer S. Savage ◽

Susan L. Johnson ◽

Kathleen L. Keller

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Preliminary Testing ◽

Intake Regulation

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Effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite in individuals with overweight and obesity

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00239.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 126 (4) ◽

pp. 941-951 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jonas Salling Quist ◽

Martin Bæk Blond ◽

Anne Sofie Gram ◽

Carina Bjørnskov Steenholt ◽

Charlotte Janus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Leisure Time ◽

Acute Exercise ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Active Commuting ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

Ad Libitum

Acute exercise is associated with a transient suppression of appetite. The effects of regular exercise on appetite are not well understood. We aimed to determine the effects of active commuting and leisure-time exercise on appetite. One hundred thirty physically inactive women and men (20–45 yr) with overweight and obesity were randomized to 6 mo of habitual lifestyle (CON, n = 18), active commuting (BIKE, n = 35), or leisure-time exercise of moderate [MOD, 50% peak oxygen uptake (V̇o2peak)-reserve, n = 39] or vigorous (VIG, 70% V̇o2peak-reserve, n = 38) intensity. Appetite ratings, acylated ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), and glucagon were assessed in the basal state and in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and 3 and 6 mo. Ad libitum energy intake was determined during test meals. Data from 90 participants (per protocol) were available, and results are comparisons with CON. At 3 mo, ad libitum energy intake was lower in VIG (−22%, P < 0.01), basal glucagon was lower in BIKE ( P < 0.05) and VIG ( P = 0.01), and postprandial ratings of prospective food consumption were lower in MOD ( P = 0.02) and VIG ( P < 0.001). In VIG, ratings of hunger ( P = 0.01) and prospective food consumption ( P = 0.03) were lower after acute exercise at 3 mo. At 6 mo, basal and postprandial GLP-1 were higher ( P ≤ 0.04) whereas postexercise PYY was lower ( P = 0.03) in VIG and postexercise CCK was lower in BIKE ( P = 0.03). Vigorous-intensity exercise training leads to a transient suppression of energy intake and subjective appetite (3 mo) but a more long-term increase in basal and postprandial GLP-1 (6 mo) in individuals with overweight and obesity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first randomized controlled trial, to our knowledge, investigating long-term effects of exercise domain and intensity on subjective and hormonal markers of appetite and ad libitum energy intake in individuals with overweight and obesity. Appetite was assessed in response to meal and exercise challenges at baseline and at 3 and 6 mo. Anorexigenic effects of exercise vary with the duration of intervention and are restricted to regular leisure-time exercise of vigorous intensity in individuals with overweight and obesity.

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Effect of ambient temperature during acute aerobic exercise on short-term appetite, energy intake, and plasma acylated ghrelin in recreationally active males

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2013-0008 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (8) ◽

pp. 905-909 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Lucy K. Wasse ◽

James A. King ◽

David J. Stensel ◽

Caroline Sunderland

Keyword(s):

Ambient Temperature ◽

Aerobic Exercise ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Core Temperature ◽

Acylated Ghrelin ◽

Short Term ◽

Temperature Changes ◽

Increase Energy Intake ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

Intake Regulation

Ambient temperature during exercise may affect energy intake regulation. Compared with a temperate (20 °C) environment, 1 h of running followed by 6 h of rest tended to decrease energy intake from 2 ad libitum meals in a hot (30 °C) environment but increase energy intake in a cool (10 °C) environment (p = 0.08). Core temperature changes did not appear to mediate this trend; whether acylated ghrelin is involved is unclear. Further research is warranted to clarify these findings.

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Nutritional status and intake regulation in sheep. VIII.* Relationships between voluntary intake of herbage by sheep and the protein/energy ratio in the digestion products

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9770907 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 28 (5) ◽

pp. 907 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

AR Egan

Keyword(s):

Energy Intake ◽

Oral Intake ◽

Specific Protein ◽

The Body ◽

Energy Ratio ◽

Protein Energy ◽

Energy Ratios ◽

Digestible Protein ◽

Voluntary Intake ◽

Intake Regulation

In data from two separate experiments in which the same herbage diets were fed to sheep, a relationship was observed between the protein/energy ratio in digestion products and the level of voluntary feed intake: I = 0.16P—0.16 (SEb = 0.015; r2 = 0.85), where I is the voluntary intake of digestible energy (DE) (MJ/W0.75), P the protein digested in the intestine (g/MJ DE) and W the body weight (kg). When supplementary casein was infused into the duodenum of sheep fed on 15 basal diets, intake changes were greatest (up to 15% increase) with six roughage diets, in which estimated truly digestible protein contributed 5.5 g digested protein (DP) per MJ DE (about 10% of DE as protein) or less. No responses were observed with two other roughages in the same range or with seven roughages for which the estimated truly digestible protein contributed more than 6 g per MJ DE (about 13% of DE as protein). The change in voluntary intake was not found to be simply linked to the protein input, in that a consistent overall estimated protein/energy ratio in digestion products was not established as voluntary intake changed in response to protein infusion. The estimated resultant protein/energy ratios established were always high (7.4–9.4 g DP/MJ DE) relative to those observed on the basal diets (3.4–8.4 g DP/MJ DE). In a further experiment with a wheat hay–straw diet, voluntary intake was measured during periods of infusion of acetic acid per rumen, and/or protein (casein) infusion per duodenum. Energy infusion and protein infusion could be shown qualitatively to have opposed effects on oral intake. However, oral intake adjustments did not appear to act to preserve or re-establish any specific Protein/energy ratio in the total nutrients absorbed. The observations are discussed in relation to factors controlling energy intake, and the effect of protein inadequacy upon level of energy intake in the sheep. *Part VII, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 23: 247 (1972).

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