scholarly journals Wnt5a, produced in mechanically stimulated PDL cells via MEK (1/2) and/or PI3K pathways, promotes neurite elongation

2018 ◽  
Vol WCP2018 (0) ◽  
pp. PO2-1-50
Author(s):  
Kaori Takahashi ◽  
Takashi Yoshida ◽  
Minoru Wakamori
Keyword(s):  
Neurite Elongation ◽  
Pdl Cells

scholarly journals Autophagy facilitates type I collagen synthesis in periodontal ligament cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Nakamura ◽  
Motozo Yamashita ◽  
Kuniko Ikegami ◽  
Mio Suzuki ◽  
Manabu Yanagita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Type I Collagen ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Type I ◽  
Periodontal Tissue ◽  
Pdl Cells

AbstractAutophagy is a lysosomal protein degradation system in which the cell self-digests its intracellular protein components and organelles. Defects in autophagy contribute to the pathogenesis of age-related chronic diseases, such as myocardial infarction and rheumatoid arthritis, through defects in the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, little is known about autophagy in periodontal diseases characterised by the breakdown of periodontal tissue. Tooth-supportive periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue contains PDL cells that produce various ECM proteins such as collagen to maintain homeostasis in periodontal tissue. In this study, we aimed to clarify the physiological role of autophagy in periodontal tissue. We found that autophagy regulated type I collagen synthesis by elimination of misfolded proteins in human PDL (HPDL) cells. Inhibition of autophagy by E-64d and pepstatin A (PSA) or siATG5 treatment suppressed collagen production in HPDL cells at mRNA and protein levels. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed collagen fragments in autolysosomes. Accumulation of misfolded collagen in HPDL cells was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. E-64d and PSA treatment suppressed and rapamycin treatment accelerated the hard tissue-forming ability of HPDL cells. Our findings suggest that autophagy is a crucial regulatory process that facilitates type I collagen synthesis and partly regulates osteoblastic differentiation of PDL cells.

Compressive Force Induces VEGF Production in Periodontal Tissues

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Miyagawa ◽  
M. Chiba ◽  
H. Hayashi ◽  
K. Igarashi
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Compressive Force ◽  
Vegf Mrna ◽  
Angiogenic Activity ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Pdl Cells

During orthodontic tooth movement, the activation of the vascular system in the compressed periodontal ligament (PDL) is an indispensable process in tissue remodeling. We hypothesized that compressive force would induce angiogenesis of PDL through the production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We examined the localization of VEGF in rat periodontal tissues during experimental tooth movement in vivo, and the effects of continuous compressive force on VEGF production and angiogenic activity in human PDL cells in vitro. PDL cells adjacent to hyalinized tissue and alveolar bone on the compressive side showed marked VEGF immunoreactivity. VEGF mRNA expression and production in PDL cells increased, and conditioned medium stimulated tube formation. These results indicate that continuous compressive force enhances VEGF production and angiogenic activity in PDL cells, which may contribute to periodontal remodeling, including angiogenesis, during orthodontic tooth movement.

scholarly journals Upregulation of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 and Proinflammatory Cytokines by the Major Surface Proteins of Treponema maltophilum and Treponema lecithinolyticum, the Phylogenetic Group IV Oral Spirochetes Associated with Periodontitis and Endodontic Infections

2005 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Hoon Lee ◽  
Kack-Kyun Kim ◽  
Bong-Kyu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Surface Proteins ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Major Surface Proteins ◽  
Endodontic Infections ◽  
Major Surface

ABSTRACT Treponema maltophilum and Treponema lecithinolyticum belong to the group IV oral spirochetes and are associated with endodontic infections, as well as periodontitis. Recently, the genes encoding the major surface proteins (Msps) of these bacteria (MspA and MspTL, respectively) were cloned and sequenced. The amino acid sequences of these proteins showed significant similarity. In this study we analyzed the functional role of these homologous proteins in human monocytic THP-1 cells and primary cultured periodontal ligament (PDL) cells using recombinant proteins. The complete genes encoding MspA and MspTL without the signal sequence were cloned into Escherichia coli by using the expression vector pQE-30. Fusion proteins tagged with N-terminal hexahistidine (recombinant MspA [rMspA] and rMspTL) were obtained, and any possible contamination of the recombinant proteins with E. coli endotoxin was removed by using polymyxin B-agarose. Flow cytometry showed that rMspA and rMspTL upregulated the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) in both THP-1 and PDL cells. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-8, was also induced significantly in both cell types by the Msps, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas IL-1β synthesis could be detected only in the THP-1 cells. The upregulation of ICAM-1, IL-6, and IL-8 was completely inhibited by pretreating the cells with an NF-κB activation inhibitor, l-1-tosylamido-2-phenylethyl chloromethyl ketone. This suggests involvement of NF-κB activation. The increased ICAM-1 and IL-8 expression in the THP-1 cells obtained with rMsps was not inhibited in the presence of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), a natural inhibitor of IL-1. Our results show that the Msps of the group IV oral spirochetes may play an important role in amplifying the local immune response by continuous inflammatory cell recruitment and retention at an infection site by stimulation of expression of ICAM-1 and proinflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthases in Orthodontic Tooth Movement

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorrin Nilforoushan ◽  
Morris Frank Manolson
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Orthodontic Tooth Movement ◽  
Pressure Side ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Maxillary Molars ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
No Signaling ◽  
Nos Isoforms ◽  
Nnos Expression

Abstract Objective: To investigate differential expression of NOS isoforms in periodontal ligament (PDL) and bone in tension and pressure sides using a rat model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry with NOS isoform (iNOS, eNOS, and nNOS) antibodies was performed on horizontal sections of the first maxillary molars subjected to 3 and 24 hours of OTM. The PDL and adjacent osteocytes of the distopalatal root at pressure and tension areas were analyzed for expression of these proteins. The contralateral molar served as a control. Results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and with two-way ANOVA. Results: Expression of all isoforms was increased in the tension side. iNOS and nNOS expression in the pressure side with cell-free zone was decreased but in the pressure side without cell-free zone was increased. The number of eNOS-positive cells did not change, but the intensity of the staining was visibly increased in the tension side. Duration of OTM changed only the pattern of nNOS expression. Osteocyte NOS expression did not change significantly in response to OTM. Conclusions: All NOS isoforms are involved in OTM with different expression patterns between tension and pressure sides, with nNOS being more involved in early OTM events. NOS expression did not change in osteocytes, suggesting that PDL cells rather than osteocytes are the mechanosensors in early OTM events with regard to NO signaling.

scholarly journals Exosomal miR-132-3p from Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Synaptic Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline in Vascular Dementia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotang Ma ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yumeng Shi ◽  
Suqing Li ◽  
Jinhua Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Memory Deficit ◽  
Synaptic Dysfunction ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Neuron Number ◽  
Neurite Elongation ◽  
Dendritic Spine Density ◽  
Gsk 3Β

Abstract Background/Aims: Vascular dementia (VD) results in cognition and memory deficit. Exosomes and their carried microRNAs (miRs) contribute to the neuroprotective effects of mesenchymal stromal cells, and miR-132-3p plays a key role in neuron plasticity. Here we investigated the role and underlying mechanism of MSC EX and their miR-132-3p cargo in rescuing cognition and memory deficit in VD mice. Methods: Bilateral carotid artery occlusion was used to generate a VD mouse model. MiR-132-3p and MSC EX levels in the hippocampus and cortex were measured. At 24 h post-VD induction, mice were administered with MSC EX infected with control lentivirus (EXCon), pre-miR-132-3p-expressing lentivirus (EXmiR−132−3p), or miR-132-3p antago lentivirus (EXantagomiR−132−3p) intravenously. Behavioral and cognitive tests were performed and the mice were sacrificed in 21 days after VD. The effects of MSC EX on neuron number, synaptic plasticity, dendritic spine density, and Aβ and p-Tau levels in the hippocampus and cortex were determined. The effects of MSC EX on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-injured neurons with respect to apoptosis, and neurite elongation and branching were determined. Finally, the expression levels of Ras, phosphorylation of Akt, GSK-3β, and Tau were also measured. Results: Compared with normal mice, VD mice exhibited significantly decreased miR-132-3p and MSC EX levels in the cortex and hippocampus. Compared with EXCon treatment, the infusion of EXmiR−132−3p was more effective at improving cognitive function and increasing miR-132-3p level, neuron number, synaptic plasticity, and dendritic spine density, while decreasing Aβ and p-Tau levels in the cortex and hippocampus of VD mice. Conversely, EXantagomiR−132−3p treatment significantly decreased miR-132-3p expression in cortex and hippocampus, as well as attenuated EXmiR−132−3p treatment-induced functional improvement. In vitro, EXmiR−132−3p treatment inhibited RASA1 protein expression, but increased Ras and the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β, and decreased p-Tau levels in primary neurons by delivering miR-132-3p, which resulted in reduced apoptosis, and increased neurite elongation and branching in OGD-injured neurons. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that miR-132-3p cluster-enriched MSC EX promotes the recovery of cognitive function by improving neuronal and synaptic dysfunction through activation of the Ras/Akt/GSK-3β pathway induced by downregulation of RASA1.

scholarly journals STORAGE MEDIUM FOR AVULSED TEETH: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 874-886
Author(s):  
Navpreet Kaur ◽  
Nikhil Srivastava ◽  
Vivek Rana ◽  
Noopur Kaushik ◽  
Tushar Pruthi
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Avulsion Injury ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
Traumatic Dental Injuries ◽  
Dental Injuries

Avulsion injury is one of the most severe types of traumatic dental injuries. Following avulsion, periodontal ligament tissues are injured and the vessels and nerves of the pulp rupture at the apical foramen which causes pulp necrosis. In studies it was reported that the key to retention of the knocked-out teeth was to maintain the viability of the periodontal ligament. Storage media plays an important role in preserving the viability of PDL cells during extra alveolar time. This article highlights the different storage medias available for avulsed teeth, along with their merits and demerits.

scholarly journals Network Meta-Analysis of 10 Storage Mediums for Preserving Avulsed Teeth

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Yuzhao Cheng ◽  
Fenglan Li ◽  
Qian Kang
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Oral Rehydration ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Many storage mediums are available for the storage of avulsed teeth to preserve the viability of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells before replantation; however, it is unclear which medium is the optimal option. We performed this network meta-analysis to answer this question. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library to capture eligible studies investigating the comparative efficacy of Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS), aloe vera gel (AVG), oral rehydration solution (ORS), coconut water, egg white, green tea, propolis, saline, milk, and water. Statistical analysis was conducted using Review Manager v5.3 and ADDIS v1.16.8. In total, 20 RCTs involving 31 reports were included finally. Direct meta-analysis suggested that HBSS was superior to ORS, milk, saline, and water, ORS was superior to milk but inferior to coconut water and propolis, egg white was superior to milk but inferior to AVG and propolis, propolis was superior to AVG, milk, and saline, and coconut water and water was inferior to saline and milk, respectively. Network meta-analysis suggested that AVG was inferior to the other nine mediums, and propolis was superior to HBSS (SMD, −5260.24; 95% CrI, −10447.39 to −70.37) and milk (SMD, −5461.11; 95% CrI, −10574.99 to −328.51). Moreover, ranking probabilities indicated the highest probability for propolis, followed by saline, ORS, HBSS, milk, egg white, water, green tea, and AVG successively. Propolis may be the optimal media for storing avulsed teeth before replantation. However, given the availability of propolis and HBSS and the hypotonic properties of saline, ORS or milk should also be preferentially selected.

scholarly journals Evaluation of preserving the viability of sheep's teeth PDL cells according to the different times and storage medias

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Navabazam ◽  
Sina Ghanean ◽  
Mohammad Hosein Amirzade Iranaq ◽  
Hosein Ghasempoor
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Trypan Blue Exclusion ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
Cellular Suspension ◽  
And Storage

Introdution: Vitality of periodontal ligament (PDL) cells is very critical for replantation of complete avulsion teeth due to traumatic injuries. This is important for transferring an avulsed tooth to clinic for replantation that which Medias used for storage.This study aimed to compare the vitality of PDL cells of sheep teeth cultured in different storage medias including α-Minimum Essential Medium (αMEM), Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS), and mint extract Methods: In this lab trial study, PDL cells were obtained from 124 healthy anterior and posterior sheep teeth and cultured in αMEM, DMEM, HBSS, and mint extract for periods of  2, 6, 24, 48, 72, or 96 hours (24 groups). For each solution, positive control group were PDL cells without incubation in any storage media. For each group, there was a negative control considered cells growing in dry plate with no medium. After exposure of PDL cells to scheduled solution for scheduled incubation time, centrifuge was performed for 10 minutes at rate of 2000G. Then cell percipitates were added into the solution of collagenase (3mgr/ml) and Dispase (4mgr/ml to cell precipitates, which were incubated at 37° C for 60 minutes. After washing cellular suspension in PBS, vitality of the cells was assessed by Trypan blue exclusion, on a neobar slide by magnification of 200X. The data were analyzed statistically using 2-way ANOVA test by SPSS version 15. Results: Statistically significant differences in efficacy of different medias were obtained at least between two media (P=0.0001). PDL cells cultured in αMEM and mint extract showed 90% and 52.22% vitality representing, respectively, the best and the weakest storage media. Conclusion: αMEM can be a suitable transport medium up to 96 hours to preserve the vitality of the PDL cells of avulsed teeth. There is a reverse correlation between the viability of PDL cells and incubation time, increasing the time decreases the viability.

Tooth Movement

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeev Davidovitch
Keyword(s):  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Biological Response ◽  
Mechanical Forces ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Isolated Cells ◽  
Streaming Potentials ◽  
Pdl Cells ◽  
New Findings

This article reviews the evolution of concepts regarding the biological foundation of force-induced tooth movement. Nineteenth century hypotheses proposed two mechanisms: application of pressure and tension to the periodontal ligament (PDL), and bending of the alveolar bone. Histologic investigations in the early and middle years of the 20th century revealed that both phenomena actually occur concomitantly, and that cells, as well as extracellular components of the PDL and alveolar bone, participate in the response to applied mechanical forces, which ultimately results in remodeling activities. Experiments with isolated cells in culture demonstrated that shape distortion might lead to cellular activation, either by opening plasma membrane ion channels, or by crystallizing cytoskeletal filaments. Mechanical distortion of collagenous matrices, mineralized or non-mineralized, may, on the other hand, evoke the development of bioelectric phenomena (stress-generated potentials and streaming potentials) that are capable of stimulating cells by altering the electric charge on their membrane or their fluid envelope. In intact animals, mechanical perturbations on the order of about 1 min/d are apparently sufficient to cause profound osteogenic responses, perhaps due to matrix proteoglycan-related "strain memory". Enzymatically isolated human PDL cells respond biochemically to mechanical and chemical signals. The latter include endocrines, autocrines, and paracrines. Histochemical and immunohistochemical studies showed that during the early places of tooth movement, PDL fluids are shifted, and cells and matrix are distorted. Vasoactive neurotransmitters are released from periodontal nerve terminals, causing leukocytes to migrate out of adjacent capillaries. Cytokines and growth factors are secreted by these cells, stimulating PDL cells and alveolar bone lining cells to remodel their related matrices. This remodeling activity facilitates movement of teeth into areas in which bone had been resorbed. This emerging information suggests that in the living mammal, many cell types are involved in the biological response to applied mechanical stress to teeth, and thereby to bone. Essentially, cells of the nervous, immune, and endocrine systems become involved in the activation and response of PDL and alveolar bone cells to applied stresses. This fact implies that research in the area of the biological response to force application to teeth should be sufficiently broad to include explorations of possible associations between physical, cellular, and molecular phenomena. The goals of this investigative field should continue to expound on fundamental principles, particularly on extrapolating new findings to the clinical environment, where millions of patients are subjected annually to applications of mechanical forces to their teeth for long periods of time in an effort to improve their position in the oral cavity. Recently developed research tools such as cell culture techniques and immunologic probes, are the best hope for enhancing this development.

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