scholarly journals Temporary Price Changes, Inflation Regimes, and the Propagation of Monetary Shocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-152
Author(s):  
Fernando Alvarez ◽  
Francesco Lippi
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Monetary Shocks ◽  
Scanner Data ◽  
Optimal Plan ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Menu Cost

We present a sticky price model that features the coexistence of many price changes, most of which are temporary, with a modest flexibility of the aggregate price level. Stickiness is introduced in the form of a price plan, namely a set of two prices: either price can be charged at any moment but changing the plan entails a menu cost. We analytically solve for the optimal plan and for the aggregate output response to a monetary shock. We present evidence consistent with the model implications using scanner data, as well as Consumer Price Index data across a wide range of inflation rates. (JEL D22, E31, E52, L11, O11, O23)

scholarly journals How Frequent Are Small Price Changes?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Eichenbaum ◽  
Nir Jaimovich ◽  
Sergio Rebelo ◽  
Josephine Smith
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Scanner Data ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Nominal Rigidity ◽  
Menu Cost ◽  
Litmus Test

Recent empirical work suggests that small price changes are relatively common. This evidence has been used to criticize classic menu-cost models. In this paper, we use scanner data from a national supermarket chain and micro data from the Consumer Price Index to reassess the importance of small price changes. We argue that the vast majority of these changes are due to measurement error. We conclude that the evidence on the prevalence of small price changes is much too weak to be used as a litmus test of nominal rigidity models. (JEL C82, E31, L11, L81)

scholarly journals SARIMA Model for Forecasting Price Indices Fluctuations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
N. Sonai Muthu ◽  
K. Senthamarai Kannan ◽  
V. Deneshkumar ◽  
P. Thangasamy
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Inflation Rate ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Sarima Model ◽  
Food And Beverages ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

In day-to-day life, the price level fluctuations in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) goods and service. So, the retail consumers are affecting by that price level changes, who are on the demand side of the economy. The main objective of this work is to forecast such selected factors of CPI in urban and rural areas of India, like: Food and Beverages, Pan, Tobacco and Intoxicants, Fuel and Light and Education and also compute the inflation rate for those four main variables in all India.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING INDONESIA’S CITY-LEVEL CONSUMER PRICE FORMATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PRICE STABILITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-422
Author(s):  
Paresh Kumar Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Price Discovery ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Price Formation ◽  
Price Stability ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Monthly Data

Using the Consumer Price Index (CPI) data of 82 Indonesian cities, we propose thehypothesis of heterogeneity in the cities’ contribution to the aggregate IndonesianCPI. Using a price discovery model fitted to monthly data, we discover that (1) of the23 cities in the province of Sumatera, five contribute 44% and nine contribute 66.7%to price changes, and (2) of the 26 cities in Java, four alone contribute 41.6% to pricechanges. Even in smaller provinces, such as Bali and Nusa Tenggara, one city alonedominates the change in aggregate CPI. From these results, we draw implications formaintaining price stability.

scholarly journals Tests for Price Indices in a Dynamic Item Universe

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 683-697
Author(s):  
Li-Chun Zhang ◽  
Ingvild Johansen ◽  
Ragnhild Nygaard
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Scanner Data ◽  
Price Indices ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
Quality Change ◽  
Large Index ◽  
New Goods ◽  
Cost Of Living Index ◽  
Index Family

Abstract There is generally a need to deal with quality change and new goods in the consumer price index due to the underlying dynamic item universe. Traditionally axiomatic tests are defined for a fixed universe. We propose five tests explicitly formulated for a dynamic item universe, and motivate them both from the perspectives of a cost-of-goods index and a cost-of-living index. None of the indices that are currently available for making use of scanner data satisfies all the tests at the same time. The set of tests provides a rigorous diagnostic for whether an index is completely appropriate in a dynamic item universe, as well as pointing towards the directions of possible remedies. We thus outline a large index family that potentially can satisfy all the tests.

scholarly journals Price Statistics Compilation in 196 Economies

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (163) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francien Berry ◽  
Brian Graf ◽  
Michael Stanger ◽  
Mari Ylä-Jarkko
Keyword(s):  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Scanner Data ◽  
Producer Prices

The consumer price index (CPI) is a key economic indicator used to gauge inflation, adjust wages, pensions, and social benefits. The producer prices index (PPI) is used for forecasting and deflating GDP estimates. Both indexes are used by the Fund, policymakers, and researchers for global, regional, and domestic surveillance. In this context, the paper evaluates the soundness of the indexes by assessing four major criteria: frequency of updating the weights, the index coverage, timeliness, and the use of international classifications. We discuss online and scanner data as frontier issues. The study shows that the CPI is universally and frequently compiled, timely, and fairly-well aligned with international standards. However, the weights used to compile the index are updated in only 45 percent of economies and have national coverage in 76 percent. PPIs, compiled by only 126 economies are timely, but there is scope for continued improvement as only 36 percent of economies have updated PPI weights and approximately 67 percent maintain the recommended coverage. Outdated weights impact the reliability of the indexes for policy analysis. Frequently updated weights and well-represented coverage mitigate against biases and ensure that the indexes properly measure the price evolution in the economy.

scholarly journals Assessment of the impact of factors upon tourism revenue in Jordan

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Moayyad Shakra ◽  
Yuriy Davydovich Shmidt
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Distributed Lag Model ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Tourism Revenue

This article examines Jordan’s tourism revenue over the recent years. Tourism is a substantial source of national revenue and significantly contributes to the flow of foreign currency for the development of national economy. The economic theory claims that tourism revenue is affected by a wide range of factors. The article explores the impact of consumer price index and number of tourists upon Jordan’s tourism revenue. In the course of this study, the author used the statistical data of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund; applied Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL); and conducted necessary diagnostic tests in Eviews 9 software. The research demonstrated that high internal inflation ratios reduce the external demand for tourism services in Jordan, and thus significantly decrease the tourism revenue. Over a long-term, the author determines a negative influence of consumer price index upon tourism revenue in Jordan and the expected positive influence of the number of tourists thereof.  

The Choice of Medical Care Price Index: Implications for Life Care Plan Valuations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Gaughan ◽  
Viviane Luporini
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Care Plan ◽  
Life Care ◽  
Consumption Expenditures ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data

Abstract This study examines the importance of using appropriate inflation measures in the estimation of a life care plan value. Using data from 1989 through 2018, we compare medical inflation rates measured by the Consumer Price Index Medical (CPI Medical) and the Personal Consumption Expenditures Health (PCE Health) price index while discussing the reasons why the indices differ. We also explain why certain policymakers favor the Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) over the Consumer Price Index (CPI). In demonstrating how the value of life care plans can differ based upon the use of either of these indices we applied 10-year historical arithmetic averages of both indices to a large hypothetical life care plan. Our calculations indicate that using the CPI versus the PCE results in a difference that is 7.5 times the initial value of the plan, after accumulation of nominal annual values that are undiscounted to present value. We also show how the difference between using the CPI Medical versus the PCE Health increases over time, implying that using one price index or the other will have a greater impact on life care plan values the longer the projection period. Our analysis shows that experts should consider the use of PCE indices when valuing life care plans.

scholarly journals Research on the Impact of Reducing Industrial and Commercial Electricity Price on Henan's Overall Price Level——Based on Social Accounting Matrix

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. 01017
Author(s):  
Yanming Jin ◽  
Zhuonan Li ◽  
Mingyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Henan Province ◽  
Electricity Price ◽  
Social Accounting Matrix ◽  
Social Accounting ◽  
Economic Price ◽  
The Impact

In order to reduce the operating costs of enterprises and optimize the business environment, China implemented the policy of reducing the general industrial and commercial electricity price by 10% in 2018 and 2019. This study uses the social accounting matrix to evaluate the effect of policy implementation on the price level of Henan Province. Through price transmission, we analyze the impact of industrial and commercial electricity price changes on production price and consumer price fluctuation of other sectors. The results show that the adjustment of general industrial and commercial electricity price has limited effect on the overall economic price level of Henan Province. The impact of electricity price adjustment on urban consumer price index is higher than that of rural consumer price index.

scholarly journals Consumer Attitudes About No Repricing in Supermarkets

1977 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Farrell E. Jensen ◽  
Frederick A. Perkins
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Price Level ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Consumer Attitudes ◽  
Traditional Practices ◽  
Price Increases

In 1974 the price level for food as measured by the Consumer Price Index increased by 14.4 percent. During this period supermarkets received wholesale price increases on up to 800 individual lines of merchandise per week. In keeping with traditional practices the industry would pass the wholesale price increases to the consumer by pricing the new merchandise and existing shelf inventory to reflect higher wholesale costs. It was not uncommon during this period for consumers to find two, three, or more old price markings on an item replaced by a higher price.

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