New goods demand patterns in digital economy environment: The case of electric vehicles in Russia

The trend of using electric vehicles is changing the automotive industry. Electric cars are becoming the most environmentally friendly replacement for combustion vehicles. Knowing the preferences of potential consumers will allow developing effective solutions to create demand for this product. Generating demand should be based on estimating its potential and shaping the consumer profile of this type of transport for market of each country. New goods need special methods to generate demand, since their potential buyers have difficulties in purchase decision making. This paper presents results of a study on prospects in Russia for such new goods as electric vehicles. The study identified factors that ultimately determine the interest of those Russian consumers who have the financial ability to purchase electric vehicles in the near future in electric vehicles. The study demonstrates that consumer prejudices are still there against difficulties in operating electric vehicles. The study confirmed that a number of factors affect the purchase of an electric car in Russia. Expanding the presence of electric vehicles in carsharing companies will significantly improve experience in using this type of transport by potential users. Generating the demand for electric vehicles by applying influence marketing tools is the one of the best solutions.

ANALYSIS OF PRICE PROPOSALS FOR THE NEW GOODS

In this article, the issue of setting the market value of the new goods is examined. Inclusion of price proposals for all new goods to the analysis of price proposals results in setting a wrong market value. The new goods category includes many of the goods, which significantly differ by their prices and groundlessly influence on the market value. In fact, these goods are not new but they may be taken by mistake in the analysis of the price proposals. When carrying out a forensic merchandising examination with a new product, you should carefully check the product, at a price significantly lower. If it is established that it belongs to the refurbished goods, it is impractical to include it for comparison. Based on the above analysis, we can conclude that in order to establish objectively the market value of new goods, it is necessary to take price proposals for the first and second groups of goods, which were determined at the beginning. Goods belonging to the third group should not be included in the analysis, as this may affect the correctness of the market value determination.

Monterey Shells and Trade Copper: A Glimpse into the Early Contact Period from a Nuu-Chah-Nulth Outer-Coast Lookout Site

The Nuu-chah-nulth of western Vancouver Island used lookout sites on small outer-coast islands to observe the movements of sea mammals and canoes, and later the trading ships arriving with cargoes of new goods. A trench excavated across the upper surface of one such site yielded an artifact assemblage typical of late Nuu-chah-nulth sites, along with radiocarbon dates indicating use over the few centuries prior to contact with Europeans. Three artifacts of introduced materials reveal that this location continued in use into the early decades of contact. Copper and California abalone shells (“Monterey shells”) were two of the earliest and most important trade materials during the maritime fur trade. Indigenous demand was for the raw material, which was re-worked into decorative items of traditional form. The excavation results provide a rare glimpse into this early contact period, with no admixture of later manufactured objects. Ethnohistoric and ethnographic sources provide context to interpret these discoveries.

Timbre of Trash

Late capitalist production is highly dependent upon the continuous manufacture of new goods to be brought to market. The idea of obsolescence plays a key role in this process, as more recent commodities replace older, presumably less-effective products. This process is especially prominent in the technological sector, which routinely encourages the deliberate replacement of older devices— even when still functional. Digital audio technologies fall in line with these practices, and are often produced using exploitative labor practices. A serious consideration of these effects poses a difficult question for sonic artists who use electronic and digital equipment in their practice. Specifically, how can sound practitioners begin to account for and push against their tacit contribution to the detrimental effects of obsolescence entailed by the tools of their craft? This article explores this question through the lens of new materialist discourse, which outlines modes of engaging with the physical world that reject the assumption that objects are static. Instead, they employ an understanding of objects as collective agents in constant active assemblage of shared material actions that include the presence of human bodies as part of a continuum of objects within larger systems of capital, labor, and politics. The electronic audio practices of American sonic artists who incorporate obsolete, broken, and discarded objects in their work will act as case studies for this exploration. Their work helps understand possible collaborative implementations of technological audio production that recognize the collective agency involved in their physical and aural production.

Ecologies of Valuation

When used consumer goods are exchanged, valuation proceeds differently than in markets for new goods. Many studies emphasize the social or socio-technical nature of valuation processes. This article outlines the difficulties inherent in these approaches when it comes to understanding valuation of used goods. These approaches, somewhat paradoxically, obscure the greater situatedness of contextualized “moments of valuation” in material flows and in relation to production processes. The ecological approach developed here shows that moments of valuation are never divorced from temporally and spatially prior and subsequent moments of valuation and waste production, and cannot be fully understood if not considered alongside the conditions in which the goods being valued are produced. The subtractive logic of ridding is crucial in the processes of production and valuation of used goods. This article draws on ethnographic and interview data from fourteen months of fieldwork in England to show how used books are valued in an ecology that stretches across connected moments and sites.

Market Researches which Are Conducted for Introduction of New Product on the Market

At introduction of new product there are many risks which threaten success of goods in the market. To minimize risk, it is necessary to use the correct marketing of a new product, the correct receptions which are capable draw the attention of consumers on just appeared, little-known a product, to make it demanded and it is bought. The main thing, to each business to find the effective strategy of development and advance of a new product. Marketing of a new product differs from traditional market researches. And, first of all, differs in the fact that the assessment of prospects of a new product at stages of its development is carried out in the absence of the market, at total absence of consumers. It creates certain difficulties and increases the probability of mistakes in researches. There are many marketing techniques of advance of new products and services in the modern market. Therefore to businesses and businessmen, for advance of a new product it is necessary to study, first of all, and to effectively use the existing marketing arsenal. Of course, each businessman has to bring the nuances in the experienced methods of marketing. To adapt these receptions for the concrete business, for the marketing of a new product. Keywords: Market researches, new goods, marketing of new goods, technique of promotion of goods, trial marketing, experiment

Measuring the Impact of Free Goods on Real Household Consumption

We suggest a methodology that allows statistical agencies to form approximations to the benefits that flow to households from new free goods. The present production-oriented GDP measures are not satisfactory for measuring real household consumption and will be increasingly inaccurate as free goods, such as those made possible by the digital revolution, become more important. Advertising expenditures are not an adequate substitute for measuring the benefits of new goods to the household sector. Instead, we need to draw on estimates such as those provided by choice experiments.

Designing and Developing of E-Commerce Website for Unused New Goods Shopping

According to the fast-changing business environment nowadays, we have to be more effective and faster in responding to customers' needs to make them able to access products instantly. This can be done by designing an E-commerce web website for unused goods, which sells various fashions and goods to the customers. To implement an online shopping website, a virtual store on the Internet is needed which allows customers to seek products and select them from a catalog. The customer needs to fill some fields to order a specific product. The purpose of this paper is designing and implementation of the website of unused goods, which sells various fashions and goods to the customers, the good that will be for sale on the website are new unused goods which the customer couldn’t return to the store they buy from to any reason. The proposed system was developed using the Unified Modeling Language (UML), ASP.NET and Access.

Tests for Price Indices in a Dynamic Item Universe

There is generally a need to deal with quality change and new goods in the consumer price index due to the underlying dynamic item universe. Traditionally axiomatic tests are defined for a fixed universe. We propose five tests explicitly formulated for a dynamic item universe, and motivate them both from the perspectives of a cost-of-goods index and a cost-of-living index. None of the indices that are currently available for making use of scanner data satisfies all the tests at the same time. The set of tests provides a rigorous diagnostic for whether an index is completely appropriate in a dynamic item universe, as well as pointing towards the directions of possible remedies. We thus outline a large index family that potentially can satisfy all the tests.