A Reason to Wait: The Effect of Legal Status on Teen Pregnancy

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 213-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elira Kuka ◽  
Na’ama Shenhav ◽  
Kevin Shih
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teen Pregnancy ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Undocumented Youth ◽  
Deferred Action ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Teenage Fertility

Although teen pregnancy has been on the decline in the United States, it remains among the highest within developed countries. Hispanics, who are more likely to be undocumented immigrants, lead this trend, yet the role of legal status has yet to be considered. To investigate this question, we examine teenage fertility responses to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which provides temporary legal status to undocumented youth. We find that DACA reduced the likelihood of having a teenage birth by 1.6 percentage points and eliminated roughly half of the gap in teenage childbearing between documented and undocumented women.

DACAmented Homecomings: A Brief Return to Mexico and the Reshaping of Bounded Solidarity Among Mixed-Status Latinx Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-165
Author(s):  
Alissa Ruth ◽  
Emir Estrada
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Country Of Birth ◽  
Deferred Action ◽  
Mixed Status ◽  
Depth Interviews

This study builds on the intergenerational family dynamics literature among mixed legal status families. Through in-depth interviews with beneficiaries of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) who traveled to Mexico and their undocumented parents who stayed in the United States, we uncover how their journey back to their country of birth influenced their roles within their families and the immigrant community. DACA recipients experienced feelings of guilt when traveling back to Mexico and leaving their parents behind, but they adopted a new role of family ambassador and transnational mediator. Through this experience, they developed a greater empathy toward their parents’ sacrifices and reshaped their bounded solidarity with their parents and the immigrant community. As a result, they justify a movement away from personally identifying with the traditional Dreamer narrative.

Our Shadow Immigration System

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-130
Author(s):  
Adam B. Cox ◽  
Cristina M. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Shadow System ◽  
Deferred Action ◽  
United States Today ◽  
System P

This chapter explains how legal and institutional developments in immigration enforcement coincided with the dramatic acceleration of illegal immigration during the final third of the twentieth century. Together, these legal and demographic phenomena gave rise to a massive shadow immigration system that today operates alongside the formal immigration regime. This shadow system has rendered Congress’s intricate, detailed code of immigration rules increasingly less central to defining the content and character of the immigrant population. Instead, the Executive’s enforcement judgments—decisions about whom to target from the pool of deportable immigrants—have taken center stage. Indeed, the rise of the shadow system has effectively delegated vast screening authority to the President and other executive branch officials—authority that has culminated in events as dramatic as President Barack Obama’s Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). The large number of unauthorized immigrants living in the United States today amplifies the role of enforcement discretion and further entrenches the shadow immigration system.

scholarly journals National Identity and Integration Challenges of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Recipients

Societies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Sofia Paschero ◽  
Jody McBrien
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Deferred Action ◽  
Driver's License ◽  
Everyday Realities ◽  
American Society

Approximately 650,000 children and young adults currently reside in the United States with Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) status, providing them with temporary legal status to reside in the country. We explored the phenomenon of how five DACA recipients experienced their national identities and how it contributed to their acculturation patterns using in-depth semi-structured interviews. We interpreted their comments through the theoretical lens of Berry’s (1997) acculturation theory and Edensor’s (2002) emphasis on everyday life as a critical factor of national identity. Although the participants had the desire to remain in the United States and be a part of U.S. culture, everyday realities of discrimination, and challenges accomplishing common life tasks taken for granted by American peers (getting a driver’s license, travelling, working, obtaining financial aid for higher education) kept the participants from fully integrating into American society and gaining a sense of belonging.

DACA-Mexico Origin Students in the United States-Mexican Borderlands

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-45
Author(s):  
Maggie Dominguez ◽  
Miriam L. Frolow
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
College Students ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Degree Completion ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mexican Origin ◽  
Undocumented Youth ◽  
Deferred Action ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Program enabled more than 700,000 undocumented youth and young adults since 2012 the chance to have a lawful presence in the United States for a 2-year renewable period. With DACA status, college students could have access to financial aid and possibly in-state tuition, as well as opportunities to work legally. A correlational study was conducted in 2016-2017 with 30 DACA college students of Mexican Origin who were residing in California, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. They completed an anonymous online survey about their intent to persist to degree completion, their views on the college climate for diversity, and their sense of belonging on campus. The results of the study confirm the need for higher education faculty and staff to provide services and resources and to build trust with this vulnerable student population.

INEQUALITY IN A “POSTRACIAL” ERA

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Gomberg-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Workers ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Criminal Legislation

AbstractOver the past four decades, increasingly punitive and enforcement-oriented U.S. immigration policies have been legitimized by a rhetoric of criminality that stigmatizes Latino immigrant workers and intensifies their exploitation. Simultaneously, there has been a sevenfold increase in the prison population in the United States, in which African Americans are eight times more likely to be jailed than Whites (Western 2006, p. 3). In this paper, I draw on scholarship in history and sociology, as well as my own anthropological research, to develop the argument that criminal justice policies and immigration policies together disempower low-wage U.S. labor and maintain categorical racial inequalities in a “postracial” United States. First, I review the historical role of race in U.S. immigration policy, and I consider the evidence for systemic racism in immigration enforcement in the contemporary period. Second, I discuss criminal legislation in the neoliberal era and examine the ways in which criminal legislation and immigration policies together disempower large segments of the U.S. workforce, satisfying employer demands for low cost and pliant labor. Finally, I argue that a political focus on immigrant workers' “illegality” masks the role of the state in (re)defining the legal status of low-wage workers and veils the ways in which punitive policies maintain historical racial and class inequalities.

scholarly journals Child Protection Services Offered By CP&WB For Rehabilitation and Successful Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Hira Azhar ◽  
Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Third World ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Child Protection Services ◽  
The Past ◽  
Successful Integration

The study is about Child Protection Services offered by Child Protection and Welfare Bureau (CP&WB) for rehabilitation and successful integration. Child abuse, neglect and violence may seem like a thing of the past. In developed countries like the United States, England and in third world African countries such problems are still present. The research was conducted at CP&WB in Bahawalpur. It aimed at studying the role of bureau in providing facilities to the children for successful integration in the society. The research methodology was explanatory, and interviews and observation were used for data collection. It was found that the bureau rescued children from streets and provided them with basic needs. Their record was kept by the Child Protection Office (CPO). It was further found that the children were provided with formal and skill-based education enabling them to earn and become productive part of society.

Paul A. Sabatier, “An Advocacy Coalition Framework of Policy Change and the Role of Policy-Oriented Learning Therein”

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cairney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Advocacy Coalition Framework ◽  
Simple Material ◽  
Advocacy Coalition ◽  
Material Interests

This chapter focuses on the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF), a highly influential approach to public policy that has been adopted in the United States and many other developed countries. The ACF first emerged in the 1990s, seeking to produce a general theory of policy-making based on the idea that people engage in politics to translate their beliefs, rather than their simple material interests, into action. In addition to representing an approach to the study of contemporary public policy, the ACF offers a set of ideas about how scientific enquiry should be conducted. The chapter examines how the ACF’s proponents, especially Paul Sabatier, have influenced the discussion of public policy as a discipline and a branch of science. After providing a summary of the ACF and its ideas, the discussion turns to its expansion and revision and how it has shaped thinking and research on public policy.

scholarly journals The Case for a National Legalization Program without Legislation or Executive Action: Results from Screening for Immigration Legal Options

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166
Author(s):  
Jeanne M. Atkinson ◽  
Tom K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Length Of Residence ◽  
National Project ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Deferred Action ◽  
Executive Action ◽  
Permanent Residents

This article presents the results of a study that finds that as many as two million unauthorized immigrants in the United States could have a path to permanent legal status. However, these immigrants may not know that they are eligible for legal status, much less be able to afford the costs or take the necessary steps to obtain it. The two million figure is drawn from an analysis of screening data from 4,070 unauthorized immigrants from 12 states. The study highlights the profound impact that a national project to screen for legal status would have on the entire US population, including eligible immigrants, their family members, and the country at large. The need for legal screening has become particularly acute in light of the Trump administration’s focus on apprehension and deportation of unauthorized immigrants without regard to their length of residence in the United States, family relationships to US citizens and lawful permanent residents (LPRs), or other positive factors. The proposed termination of benefits for many Temporary Protected Status (TPS) holders and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) 1 recipients would add more than one million individuals — approximately 325,000 ( Warren and Kerwin 2017 ), and 700,000 ( Krogstad 2017 ) people, respectively — to the pool of unauthorized immigrants.

Self-Care and Solidarity: The Undocumented Immigrant Youth Movement

2018 ◽  
pp. 139-160
Author(s):  
Ala Sirriyeh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young People ◽  
Self Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
Undocumented Immigrant ◽  
Dream Act ◽  
Undocumented Youth ◽  
Youth Movement ◽  
Deferred Action

This chapter examines how a shift from the notion of compassion that is felt at a distance to a practice of compassion as suffering with one another in solidarity has been achieved by the undocumented youth movement in the United States. It begins with an overview of the origins of the undocumented youth movement, followed by a discussion of their campaign for the rights of the country's undocumented young people, their campaign for the passage of the federal Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act, and their response to the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) introduced by President Barack Obama. It also considers the movement's use of storytelling as testimony in their DREAM Act campaign and shows how compassion as solidarity and co-suffering can play an important role in enabling witness bearing and the building of a more inclusive and enduring resistance to suffering and social injustice.

scholarly journals Opodatkowanie kryptowalut w wybranych krajach świata

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-69
Author(s):  
Maciej Szczepkowski
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Virtual Currency ◽  
The World ◽  
National Tax

Like any innovation, a virtual currency raises the question whether national tax systems are prepared for it. As a part of this study, the current areas of research that academics deal with in the context of the cryptocurrency market in Poland and in the world are presented. In addition, the issues of taxation of cryptocurrency transactions in developed countries, such as Germany, the United States and Japan according to the legal status for the fiscal year 2021, are discussed. The article also presents a summary of the most important solutions in force from 2019 regarding the taxation of cryptocurrencies in the field of income tax in Poland. The study is based on current literature and tax acts.

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