The impact of narratives and conceptual frames on economic and government attitudes: Evidence regarding negative externality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Goff
Keyword(s):  
Negative Externality ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Economic growth and the transition from non-renewable to renewable energy

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred Greiner ◽  
Lars Gruene ◽  
Willi Semmler
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Negative Externality ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe paper considers the transition of an economy from non-renewable to renewable energy. We set up a canonical growth model with damages in the household's welfare function and two energy sources – non-renewable and renewable energy. To produce renewable energy a capital stock must be built up. A socially optimal solution is considered that takes into account the negative externality from the non-renewable energy. We also study how the optimal solution can be mimicked in a market economy by policies using subsidies and tax rates. To solve the model numerically, we use Nonlinear Model Predictive Control. We study when a transition to renewable energy takes place and whether it occurs before the non-renewable resource is exhausted. In addition, we analyze the impact of the initial values of the non-renewable resource and of the capital stock on the time of paths of the variables.

scholarly journals Externalities and Taxation of Supplemental Insurance: A Study of Medicare and Medigap

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Cabral ◽  
Neale Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Negative Externality ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries ◽  
Supplemental Insurance ◽  
Medical Markets ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Medicare Spending

Most health insurance uses cost-sharing to reduce excess utilization. Supplemental insurance can blunt the impact of this cost-sharing, increasing utilization and exerting a negative externality on the primary insurer. This paper estimates the effect of private Medigap supplemental insurance on public Medicare spending using Medigap premium discontinuities in local medical markets that span state boundaries. Using administrative data on the universe of Medicare beneficiaries, we estimate that Medigap increases an individual’s Medicare spending by 22.2 percent. We calculate that a 15 percent tax on Medigap premiums generates savings of $12.9 billion annually with a standard error of $4.9 billion. (JEL G22, H24, H51, I13, J14)

scholarly journals The Impact of Tourism on Solid Waste Generation and Management Cost in Madeira Island for the Period 1996–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5238
Author(s):  
António Miguel Martins ◽  
Susana Cró
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Negative Externality ◽  
Economic Instruments ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Solid Waste Generation ◽  
The Impact

The tourism sector in Madeira represents 26.6% of the regional GDP and 16.7% of employment in the region. However, the sector is a source of adverse environmental impacts. One of the environmental repercussions of tourism, regarded as an externality, is the generation of solid waste. This paper aims to estimate the impact of tourist activities on solid waste generation in Madeira for the period 1996–2018. We used a fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) model, including annual tourism inflows data. The results show that tourist activities are responsible for 41.9% to 46.6% of solid waste generation per resident in Madeira. The empirical results also support the hypothesis that there is a non-linear effect of tourism on the generation of solid waste. The importance of internalising this negative externality caused by tourism with the implementation of appropriate economic instruments and policies is the main policy implication of the study.

The Economic Impact of Index Investing

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 3461-3499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Brogaard ◽  
Matthew C Ringgenberg ◽  
David Sovich
Keyword(s):  
Commodity Markets ◽  
Negative Externality ◽  
Feedback Channel ◽  
Production Decisions ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
Editorial Decision ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Paper ◽  
Index Investing

Abstract We study the impact of index investing on firm performance by examining the link between commodity indices and firms that use index commodities. Around 2004, commodity index investing dramatically increased. This event is referred to as the financialization of commodity markets. Following financialization, firms that use index commodities make worse production decisions, earn 40% lower profits, and have 6% higher costs. Consistent with a feedback channel in which market participants learn from prices, our results suggest that index investing distorts the price signal, thereby generating a negative externality that impedes firms’ ability to make production decisions. Received March 31, 2017; editorial decision July 5, 2018 by Editor Itay Goldstein. Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

scholarly journals Loss in the Time of Cholera: Long-Run Impact of a Disease Epidemic on the Urban Landscape

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila Ambrus ◽  
Erica Field ◽  
Robert Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Catchment Area ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Housing Prices ◽  
Negative Externality ◽  
Income Shocks ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Rental Market ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Income Shock ◽  
The Impact

How do geographically concentrated income shocks influence the long-run spatial distribution of poverty within a city? We examine the impact on housing prices of a cholera epidemic in one neighborhood of nineteenth century London. Ten years after the epidemic, housing prices are significantly lower just inside the catchment area of the water pump that transmitted the disease. Moreover, differences in housing prices persist over the following 160 years. We make sense of these patterns by building a model of a rental market with frictions in which poor tenants exert a negative externality on their neighbors. This showcases how a locally concentrated income shock can persistently change the tenant composition of a block. (JEL D62, O18, R21, R31)

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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