scholarly journals Smoking cessation in pregnancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 90-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Bittoun ◽  
Giuseppe Femia
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
In Pregnancy

Managing smoking cessation during pregnancy is vital to the wellbeing of the fetus and the mother. Women who continue to smoke during pregnancy expose the fetus to thousands of chemicals which have been shown to cause deleterious short- and long-term effects. Although a large majority of women cease smoking early in the pregnancy, many of them relapse following delivery. Following a review of current research, an overview of the safety and efficacy of smoking cessation treatments for pregnant women will be considered. Limited research has been performed in this field; however, it can be concluded that low-dose intermittent nicotine replacement therapy is a safe treatment modality for women who smoke during pregnancy. At present there has been no research on other current smoking cessation treatments; however, we will suggest techniques to improve cessation rates and strategies to reduce relapse.

The Short- and Long-term Effects on the Visual System of Children Following Exposure to Maternal Substance Misuse in Pregnancy

2013 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Spiteri Cornish ◽  
Monica Hrabovsky ◽  
Neil W. Scott ◽  
Elizabeth Myerscough ◽  
Aravind R. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Visual System ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
In Pregnancy

Short- and long-term effects of low-dose prenatal X-irradiation in mouse cerebral cortex, with special reference to neuronal migration

1997 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Fushiki ◽  
Yasuko Hyodo-Taguchi ◽  
Chikako Kinoshita ◽  
Yuji Ishikawa ◽  
Tomohisa Hirobe
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Mouse Cerebral Cortex ◽  
X Irradiation ◽  
Short And Long Term

scholarly journals Prevalence of maternal antenatal anxiety and its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors: A multicentre study in Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cena ◽  
F. Mirabella ◽  
G. Palumbo ◽  
A. Gigantesco ◽  
A. Trainini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The State ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Antenatal Anxiety

Abstract Background. Maternal antenatal anxiety is very common, and despite its short- and long-term effects on both mothers and fetus outcomes, it has received less attention than it deserves in scientific research and clinical practice. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of state anxiety in the antenatal period, and to analyze its association with demographic and socioeconomic factors. Methods. A total of 1142 pregnant women from nine Italian healthcare centers were assessed through the state scale of the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and a clinical interview. Demographic and socioeconomic factors were also measured. Results. The prevalence of anxiety was 24.3% among pregnant women. There was a significantly higher risk of anxiety in pregnant women with low level of education (p < 0.01), who are jobless (p < 0.01), and who have economic problems (p < 0.01). Furthermore, pregnant women experience higher level of anxiety when they have not planned the pregnancy (p < 0.01), have a history of abortion (p < 0.05), and have children living at the time of the current pregnancy (p < 0.05). Conclusion. There exists a significant association between maternal antenatal anxiety and economic conditions. Early evaluation of socioeconomic status of pregnant women and their families in order to identify disadvantaged situations might reduce the prevalence of antenatal anxiety and its direct and indirect costs.

scholarly journals Medicines in pregnancy

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah JE Stock ◽  
Jane E Norman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Safety Information ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
High Quality Information ◽  
In Pregnancy

Medicine use in pregnancy is extremely common, but there are significant knowledge gaps surrounding the safety, dosage and long-term effects of drugs used. Pregnant women have been purposively excluded from clinical trials of the majority of treatments for conditions that may occur concurrently with pregnancy. There is minimal information on the pharmacokinetics of many existing treatments and no systematic capture of long-term outcome data to help inform choices. Treatments commonly used in pregnancy are thus often old and untested, not optimised in dose, and prescribed off-label without adequate safety information. In addition, there has been a staggering lack of investment in drug development for obstetric conditions for decades. This is a major public health concern, and pregnancy complications are the leading cause of mortality in children under five years old globally, and health in pregnancy is a major determinant of women’s long-term health and wellbeing. There is an acute need for adequate investment and legislation to boost inclusion of pregnant women in clinical studies, capture high-quality information on medication use in pregnancy in general, and encourage new medicinal product development for obstetric conditions.

Ovarian Dysfunction in Fetally Irradiated Beagles

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 658-659
Author(s):  
T. M. Seed ◽  
M. H. Sanderson ◽  
D. L. Gutzeit ◽  
T. E. Fritz ◽  
D. V. Tolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Ovarian Dysfunction ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Ovarian Pathology ◽  
Normal Offspring

The developing mammalian fetus is thought to be highly sensitive to ionizing radiation. However, dose, dose-rate relationships are not well established, especially the long term effects of protracted, low-dose exposure. A previous report (1) has indicated that bred beagle bitches exposed to daily doses of 5 to 35 R 60Co gamma rays throughout gestation can produce viable, seemingly normal offspring. Puppies irradiated in utero are distinguishable from controls only by their smaller size, dental abnormalities, and, in adulthood, by their inability to bear young.We report here our preliminary microscopic evaluation of ovarian pathology in young pups continuously irradiated throughout gestation at daily (22 h/day) dose rates of either 0.4, 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 R/day of gamma rays from an attenuated 60Co source. Pups from non-irradiated bitches served as controls. Experimental animals were evaluated clinically and hematologically (control + 5.0 R/day pups) at regular intervals.

Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation Reduced Tire Pressure Initiative

1997 ◽  
Vol 1589 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Davies ◽  
Tami F. Wall ◽  
Allan Carpentier
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Vehicle Stability ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tire Pressure ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Short And Long Term

After examination of the research carried out by other agencies, Saskatchewan Highways and Transportation (SHT) embarked on an initiative to adapt low tire pressure technologies to the province's needs and environment. The focus of the initiative was to explore several technical questions from SHT's perspective: (a) Can low tire pressures be used to increase truck weights from secondary to primary without increasing road maintenance costs on thin membrane surface roads? (b) What are the short- and long-term effects of tire heating under high-speed/high-deflection constant reduced pressure (CRP) operations in a Saskatchewan environment? (c) What effects do lower tire pressures have on vehicle stability at highway speeds? To date, significant opportunities have been noted on local hauls (less than 30 min loaded at highway speeds) for CRP operation and long primary highway hauls that begin or end in relatively short secondary highway sections that limit vehicle weight allowed for the whole trip for central tire inflation technology. The background and environment for the initiative and the investigations and demonstrations envisioned and undertaken are briefly outlined.

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