scholarly journals Evolution of radiation protection for medical workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1112) ◽  
pp. 20200282 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Boice ◽  
Lawrence T Dauer ◽  
Kenneth R. Kase ◽  
Fred A Mettler ◽  
Richard J Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Medical Radiation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Radiation Workers

Within a few months of discovery, X-rays were being used worldwide for diagnosis and within a year or two for therapy. It became clear very quickly that while there were immense benefits, there were significant associated hazards, not only for the patients, but also for the operators of the equipment. Simple radiation protection measures were implemented within a decade or two and radiation protection for physicians and other operators has continued to evolve over the last century driven by cycles of widening uses, new technologies, realization of previously unidentified effects, development of recommendations and regulations, along with the rise of related societies and professional organizations. Today, the continue acceleration of medical radiation uses in diagnostic imaging and in therapeutic modalities not imagined at the turn of this century, such as positron emission tomography, calls for constant vigilance and flexibility to provide adequate protection for the growing numbers of medical radiation workers.

scholarly journals The Core of Medical Imaging: State of the Art and Perspectives on the Detectors

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 1642
Author(s):  
Maria Filomena Santarelli ◽  
Giulio Giovannetti ◽  
Valentina Hartwig ◽  
Simona Celi ◽  
Vincenzo Positano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission

In this review, the roles of detectors in various medical imaging techniques were described. Ultrasound, optical (near-infrared spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography) and thermal imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, single-photon emission tomography, positron emission tomography were the imaging modalities considered. For each methodology, the state of the art of detectors mainly used in the systems was described, emphasizing new technologies applied.

scholarly journals Radiation in Dental Practice: Awareness, Protection and Recommendations

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
BN Praveen ◽  
AR Shubhasini ◽  
R Bhanushree ◽  
PS Sumsum ◽  
CN Sushma
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Reduce Radiation Exposure ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Radiation Exposure To Patients

ABSTRACT Radiation is the transmission of energy through space and matter. There are several forms of radiation, including ionizing and nonionizing. X-rays are the ionizing radiation used extensively in medical and dental practice. Even though they provide useful information and aid in diagnosis, they also have the potential to cause harmful effects. In dentistry, it is mainly used for diagnostic purposes and in a dental set-up usually the practicing dentist exposes, processes and interprets the radiograph. Even though such exposure is less, it is critical to reduce the exposure to the dental personnel and patients in order to prevent the harmful effects of radiation. Several radiation protection measures have been advocated to ameliorate these effects. A survey conducted in the Bengaluru among practicing dentists revealed that radiation protection awareness was very low and the necessary measures taken to reduce the exposure were not adequate. The aim of the article is to review important parameters that must be taken into consideration in the clinical set-up to reduce radiation exposure to patients and dental personnel. How to cite this article Praveen BN, Shubhasini AR, Bhanushree R, Sumsum PS, Sushma CN. Radiation in Dental Practice: Awareness, Protection and Recommendations. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):143-148.

Imaging in Encephalitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (03) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arun Venkatesan ◽  
Balaji Jagdish
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Scanning ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Brain Reorganization ◽  
And Function ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractDespite recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities for infectious and autoimmune encephalitis, the management of patients with suspected or confirmed encephalitis poses a great challenge to physicians. Neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) scanning, can play a crucial role in substantiating the diagnosis of encephalitis and eliminating clinical mimics of encephalitis from consideration. Moreover, characteristic neuroimaging patterns can aid in defining specific infectious and autoimmune etiologies. Volumetric and functional MRI, in particular, are being increasingly used to characterize outcomes following encephalitis and can shed light on brain reorganization and function after the acute phase of disease has resolved. Here, we discuss the uses of structural, functional, and PET neuroimaging in the clinical assessment of the acute and recovery phases of encephalitis.

RADIATION RISK ESTIMATION FROM OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL IMAGING EXPOSURE IN MALAYSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.R. Yahaya ◽  
Mimi H. Hassim
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Occupational Radiation Exposure ◽  
Medical Radiation ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Ionizing radiation has been increasingly applied in medicine and firmly established as an essential tool for diagnosis. There is high possibility for medical radiation workers to receive doses that are considerably higher than recorded by their dosimeters due to lack of knowledge about ionizing radiation, lack of training in radiation protection, and attitude of the workers themselves toward radiation protection. The purpose of this study is to estimate the radiation risk due to occupational exposure to ionizing radiation among medical diagnostic workers at hospitals in Malaysia. Also the objective is to determine the knowledge of occupational radiation exposure and radiation safety among the workers.  The assessment was made based on the collective doses collected from film badge of the workers. The results of risk assessment show the mean annual collective effective dose based on type of X-ray procedure in this study was 5.445mSv, which is much lower compared to the whole body exposure dose limit, set by the ICRP Publication 60. A survey on knowledge of occupational radiation exposure and radiation safety was conducted using questionnaire and it was found that vast majority of respondents were aware of radiation safety with 91.3% answered the specific questions regarding radiation protection at workplace correctly. Unfortunately only 30.4% of the respondents fully understand the hazard they are exposed to. The study reveals that there is a critical need to educate not only medical radiation workers but also medical doctors and nurses to decrease unnecessary occupational exposure to radiation hazard.

scholarly journals Investigating the effective annual dose of radiation angiography department of Afshar Hospital in Yazd and providing radiation protection strategies to better manage the dose received by staff

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Asgari ◽  
AA Parach ◽  
SJ Mirmohammadi ◽  
AH Mehrparvar ◽  
E Daneshian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Effective Annual Dose ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Radiation Workers

Introduction: Due to the increasing use of angiography procedures and the higher risk of deterministic and stochastic effects for radiation workers of these sections than other radiological procedures, radiation safety is very important among angiography staff. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain the effective dose of angiography staff, compare them with the standard dose limit, and finally outline the strategies for occupational dose reduction in angiography. Methods: In this study, the report of film dosimetry of angiography staff was studied and the effective periodic and annual doses of 34 radiographs were reported from the year 2015 to 2018. The relationship between effective dose and body mass index, work experience, gender and age of staff was also evaluated. Results: The results showed that the average effective dose of the physicians, nurses and radiographers in 2 months period were 0.2 mSv and their average annual effective dose were 1.6, 1.2 and 1.2, respectively. In addition, there were no significant relationship between effective dose and work experience, age, sex and BMI of the radiation workers. Conclusion: The effective dose of radiation in this study is less than the annual dose.. Low effective doses do not make their radiation protection less important because this reduction can be due to radiation protection by personnel in this ward. Therefore, as far as possible, radiation protection measures should be taken to reduce the radiation exposure of catheterization lab staff. In these radiologists thyroid protection, eyes, gonads, and the organs that are usually outside the lead apron is of great importance.

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