scholarly journals Investigating the effective annual dose of radiation angiography department of Afshar Hospital in Yazd and providing radiation protection strategies to better manage the dose received by staff

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Asgari ◽  
AA Parach ◽  
SJ Mirmohammadi ◽  
AH Mehrparvar ◽  
E Daneshian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Effective Annual Dose ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Radiation Workers

Introduction: Due to the increasing use of angiography procedures and the higher risk of deterministic and stochastic effects for radiation workers of these sections than other radiological procedures, radiation safety is very important among angiography staff. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain the effective dose of angiography staff, compare them with the standard dose limit, and finally outline the strategies for occupational dose reduction in angiography. Methods: In this study, the report of film dosimetry of angiography staff was studied and the effective periodic and annual doses of 34 radiographs were reported from the year 2015 to 2018. The relationship between effective dose and body mass index, work experience, gender and age of staff was also evaluated. Results: The results showed that the average effective dose of the physicians, nurses and radiographers in 2 months period were 0.2 mSv and their average annual effective dose were 1.6, 1.2 and 1.2, respectively. In addition, there were no significant relationship between effective dose and work experience, age, sex and BMI of the radiation workers. Conclusion: The effective dose of radiation in this study is less than the annual dose.. Low effective doses do not make their radiation protection less important because this reduction can be due to radiation protection by personnel in this ward. Therefore, as far as possible, radiation protection measures should be taken to reduce the radiation exposure of catheterization lab staff. In these radiologists thyroid protection, eyes, gonads, and the organs that are usually outside the lead apron is of great importance.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Occupational Exposure of Workers Engaged in Radiation Practice without Monitoring Devices

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Akinlade Bidemi I. ◽  
Akisanya Daniel F. ◽  
Badmus Biodun S.
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Thermoluminescent Dosimeters ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate occupational dose of personnel, engaged in radiation work without wearing monitoring device, at five diagnostic centres in Abeokuta, Ogun State metropolis, namely, Rainbow, New image, Bethel, Akinolugbade and Abiolad.  Materials and Methods: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) obtained from Radiation Protection Services, Lagos State University (LASU), Ojo were used for dose measurements. LASU is accredited by the Nigerian Nuclear Regulatory Authority (NNRA) to provide radiation monitoring services. The TLDs were distributed to each of the centre for personnel and area (control and supervised) monitoring. The period of exposure of the TLDs was three months. The exposed TLDs were returned to LASU for processing. The effective dose received by personnel per quarter was extrapolated to annual effective dose to make comparison with the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommended dose limit. The stochastic effect of the measured dose was also estimated.  Results: Annual effective dose received by all personnel ranged from 1.16 - 2.54 mSv. While the highest value was obtained by personnel at Bethel diagnostic centre, the lowest value was obtained at Akinolugbade. The risk of cancer associated with these values, estimated for a million population, was 112 and 61 at Bethel and Akinolugbade respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the annual effective doses to personnel at these centres were below the ICRP recommended dose of 20 mSv per annum. However, the Managements of these diagnostic centres should provide monitoring devices for their radiation workers in line with NNRA authorization requirements.

Radiation exposure of the staff at the therapeutic and diagnostic nuclear medicine department

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 175-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dolezal
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Personal Dosimetry ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Administered Activity

SummaryAim: To assess a radiation exposure and the quality of radiation protection concerning a nuclear medicine staff at our department as a six-year retrospective study. Therapeutic radionuclides such as 131I, 153Sm, 186Re, 32P, 90Y and diagnostic ones as a 99mTc, 201Tl, 67Ga, 111In were used. Material, method: The effective dose was evaluated in the period of 2001–2006 for nuclear medicine physicians (n = 5), technologists (n = 9) and radiopharmacists (n = 2). A personnel film dosimeter and thermoluminescent ring dosimeter for measuring (1-month periods) the personal dose equivalent Hp(10) and Hp(0,07) were used by nuclear medicine workers. The wearing of dosimeters was obligatory within the framework of a nationwide service for personal dosimetry. The total administered activity of all radionuclides during these six years at our department was 17,779 GBq (99mTc 14 708 GBq, 131I 2490 GBq, others 581 GBq). The administered activity of 99mTc was similar, but the administered activity of 131I in 2006 increased by 200%, as compared with the year 2001. Results: The mean and one standard deviation (SD) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for nuclear medicine physicians was 1.9 ± 0.6, 1.8 ± 0.8, 1.2 ± 0.8, 1.4 ± 0.8, 1.3 ± 0.6, 0.8 ± 0.4 and for nuclear medicine technologists was 1.9 ± 0.8, 1.7 ± 1.4, 1.0 ± 1.0, 1.1 ± 1.2, 0.9 ± 0.4 and 0.7 ± 0.2 in 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. The mean (n = 2, estimate of SD makes little sense) of the personal annual effective dose (mSv) for radiopharmacists was 3.2, 1.8, 0.6, 1.3, 0.6 and 0.3. Although the administered activity of 131I increased, the mean personal effective dose per year decreased during the six years. Conclusion: In all three professional groups of nuclear medicine workers a decreasing radiation exposure was found, although the administered activity of 131I increased during this six-year period. Our observations suggest successful radiation protection measures at our department.

scholarly journals Estimated collective effective dose to the population from nuclear medicine examinations in Slovenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damijan Skrk ◽  
Dejan Zontar
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Patient Exposure ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background. A national survey of patient exposure from nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures was performed by Slovenian Radiation Protection Administration in order to estimate their contribution to the collective effective dose to the population of Slovenia. Methods. A set of 36 examinations with the highest contributions to the collective effective dose was identified. Data about frequencies and average administered activities of radioisotopes used for those examinations were collected from all nuclear medicine departments in Slovenia. A collective effective dose to the population and an effective dose per capita were estimated from the collected data using dose conversion factors. Results. The total collective effective dose to the population from nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures in 2011 was estimated to 102 manSv, giving an effective dose per capita of 0.05 mSv. Conclusions. The comparison of results of this study with studies performed in other countries indicates that the nuclear medicine providers in Slovenia are well aware of the importance of patient protection measures and of optimisation of procedures.

Optimization of radiation exposure for staff using e-controlling devices during radiopharmaceuticals' loading and dispensing procedures in F18-PET/CT daily practice

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
C. Peștean ◽  
E. Bărbuș ◽  
M.L. Larg ◽  
D. Piciu
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Total Effective Dose ◽  
Loading Procedure

Background: F18-PET/CT technique has been permanently optimized to ensure the best accuracy and to extend its clinical application. Radiation protection remains an omnipresent aspect of daily practice in F18-PET/CT. Introduction: We tried to demonstrate the usefulness of remotely controlled radiopharmaceutical dispensers with smart-phones or tablets in the optimization of staff exposure. Material and methods: We performed a study to evaluate the exposure during loading and dispensing of radiopharmaceuticals working in two different ways: according to the user's manual of the automatic dispenser and, respectively, with an e-controlling application. We calculated the maximal radiation exposure and analyzed the differences related to the annual effective dose. Have been considered 40 loading and 353 dispensing procedures. During the loading, it has been manipulated a total activity of 9348.8 mCi (345905.6 MBq) FDG. A total activity of 2622.5 mCi (97032.5 MBq) FDG has been manipulated during dispensing. Results: The effective dose resulted from the loading procedure measured at the dispenser contact was 445.05 µSv. The effective dose measured in the remote control area during the loading procedure was 0.34 µSv, having a difference of 444.71 µSv. The total effective dose during dispensing procedures measured at the dispenser was 206.6 µSv and the total effective dose measured in the controlling room was 2.64 µSv, thus a difference of 203.96 µSv. The cumulative difference between the effective doses was of 648.67 µSv. Discussion: E-controlling the dispenser, we got an exposure saving representing 61.2% from the operator's annual dose. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of e-controlling devices in radiation protection of the staff working in F18-PET/CT.

The value of protective head cap and glasses in neurointerventional radiology

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 736-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Sans Merce ◽  
Amine M Korchi ◽  
Lisa Kobzeva ◽  
Jérôme Damet ◽  
Gorislav Erceg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Eye Lens ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Eye Lens Dose ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Protective Eyewear ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Area Product

BackgroundProtection of the head and eyes of the neurointerventional radiologist is a growing concern, especially after recent reports on the incidence of brain cancer among these personnel, and the revision of dose limits to the eye lens. The goal of this study was to determine typical occupational dose levels and to evaluate the efficiency of non-routine radiation protective gear (protective eyewear and cap). Experimental correlations between the dosimetric records of each measurement point and kerma area product (KAP), and between whole body doses and eye lens doses were investigated.MethodsMeasurements were taken using thermoluminescent dosimeters placed in plastic bags and worn by the staff at different places. To evaluate the effective dose, whole body dosimeters (over and under the lead apron) were used.ResultsThe mean annual effective dose was estimated at 0.4 mSv. Annual eye lens exposure was estimated at 17 mSv when using a ceiling shield but without protective glasses. The protective glasses reduced the eye lens dose by a factor of 2.73. The mean annual dose to the brain was 12 mSv; no major reduction was observed when using the cap. The higher correlation coefficients with KAP were found for the dosimeters positioned between the eyes (R2=0.84) and above the apron, and between the eye lens (R2=0.85) and the whole body.ConclusionsUnder the specific conditions of this study, the limits currently applicable were respected. If a new eye lens dose limit is introduced, our results indicate it could be difficult to comply with, without introducing additional protective eyewear.

scholarly journals Evolution of radiation protection for medical workers

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1112) ◽  
pp. 20200282 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Boice ◽  
Lawrence T Dauer ◽  
Kenneth R. Kase ◽  
Fred A Mettler ◽  
Richard J Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Protection ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Medical Radiation ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Radiation Workers

Within a few months of discovery, X-rays were being used worldwide for diagnosis and within a year or two for therapy. It became clear very quickly that while there were immense benefits, there were significant associated hazards, not only for the patients, but also for the operators of the equipment. Simple radiation protection measures were implemented within a decade or two and radiation protection for physicians and other operators has continued to evolve over the last century driven by cycles of widening uses, new technologies, realization of previously unidentified effects, development of recommendations and regulations, along with the rise of related societies and professional organizations. Today, the continue acceleration of medical radiation uses in diagnostic imaging and in therapeutic modalities not imagined at the turn of this century, such as positron emission tomography, calls for constant vigilance and flexibility to provide adequate protection for the growing numbers of medical radiation workers.

EVALUATION OF OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION EXPOSURE IN A RADIO-DIAGNOSTIC FACILITY IN KATSINA- NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 722-729
Author(s):  
Usman Sani ◽  
Bashir Gide Muhammad ◽  
Dimas Skam Joseph ◽  
D. Z. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Skin Dose ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Short Exposure Time ◽  
Occupational Dose ◽  
Dose Limits ◽  
Radiation Workers ◽  
Occupational Radiation

Poor implementation of quality assurance programs in the radiation industry has been a major setback in our locality. Several studies revealed that occupational workers are exposed to many potential hazards of ionizing radiation during radio-diagnostic procedures, yet radiation workers are often not monitored. This study aims to evaluate the occupational exposure of the radiation workers in Federal Medical Centre Katsina, and to compare the exposure with recommended occupational radiation dose limits. The quarterly readings of 20 thermo-luminescent dosimeters (TLDs') used by the radiation workers from January to December, 2019 were collected from the facility's radiation monitoring archive, and subsequently assessed and analyzed. The results indicate that the average annual equivalent dose per occupational worker range from 0.74 to 1.20 mSv and 1.28 to 2.21 mSv for skin surface and deep skin dose, measured at 10 mm and 0.07 mm tissue depth respectively. The occupational dose was within the recommended national and international limits of 5 mSv per annum or an average of 20 mSv in 5 years. Therefore, there was no significant radiation exposure to all the occupational workers in the study area. Though, the occupational radiation dose is within recommended limit, this does not eliminate stochastic effect of radiation. The study recommended that the occupational workers should adhere and strictly comply with the principles of radiation protection which includes distance, short exposure time, shielding and proper monitoring of dose limits. Furthermore, continuous training of the radiation workers is advised.

scholarly journals Radon Activity Concentrations in Natural Hot Spring Water: Dose Assessment and Health Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Eka Djatnika Nugraha ◽  
Masahiro Hosoda ◽  
June Mellawati ◽  
Untara Untara ◽  
Ilsa Rosianna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Dose Assessment ◽  
West Java

The world community has long used natural hot springs for tourist and medicinal purposes. In Indonesia, the province of West Java, which is naturally surrounded by volcanoes, is the main destination for hot spring tourism. This paper is the first report on radon measurements in tourism natural hot spring water in Indonesia as part of radiation protection for public health. The purpose of this paper is to study the contribution of radon doses from natural hot spring water and thereby facilitate radiation protection for public health. A total of 18 water samples were measured with an electrostatic collection type radon monitor (RAD7, Durridge Co., USA). The concentration of radon in natural hot spring water samples in the West Java region, Indonesia ranges from 0.26 to 31 Bq L−1. An estimate of the annual effective dose in the natural hot spring water area ranges from 0.51 to 0.71 mSv with a mean of 0.60 mSv for workers. Meanwhile, the annual effective dose for the public ranges from 0.10 to 0.14 mSv with an average of 0.12 mSv. This value is within the range of the average committed effective dose from inhalation and terrestrial radiation for the general public, 1.7 mSv annually.

A review of radiation doses and associated parameters in western australian mining operations (2018-20)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Ian Ralph ◽  
Marcus Cattani
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Decay Series ◽  
Dose Coefficients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Institutional Controls ◽  
First Time

Abstract In the 2019-20 reporting period, nineteen mining operations in Western Australia were identified as having workers who were likely to be exposed to ionising radiation stemming from naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), seventeen of which, known hereinafter as Reporting Entities (REs), were required to submit an annual report of the dose estimates of their workforce to the mining regulatory authority. In 2018 the International Commission for Radiological Protection published the revision of the Dose Coefficients (DCs) for occupational intakes of radionuclides of the uranium-238 and thorium-232 decay series, in ICRP-137 and ICRP-141. The 2019-20 annual reports are the first to apply the revised DCs to estimate worker doses. The mean effective dose (ED) reported by the 17 REs increased by 32.4% to 0.94 mSv in 2019-20 from 0.71 mSv reported in 2018-19, indicating that the mean ED is approaching the 1 mSv annual dose estimate at which regulatory intervention should be considered. The mean committed effective dose (CED) from inhalation of dusts containing long-lived alpha-emitting (LLα) nuclides has increased by 35% from 0.40 mSv in 2018-19 to 0.54 mSv in 2019-20. The maximum CED from LLα increased by 16.3% from 3.20 mSv in 2018-19 to 3.72 mSv in 2019-20. The authors consider that, in the absence of other explanations provided by the REs, the increase is largely attributable to the revised DC’s published in ICRP-137 and ICRP-141, but highlight that there are significant variations between REs that make a generalised conclusion problematic. The maximum reported ED in 2019-20 was 6.0 mSv, an increase of 36.4% from 2018-19 (4.4 mSv). The 2019-20 reporting period is the first time in a decade in which mine worker EDs have been elevated to the point that EDs have exceeded 5 mSv, a level at which personal monitoring and additional institutional controls are required.

IN-FLIGHT EXPOSURE TO COSMIC RADIATION ALONG SOME COMMERCIAL AIRLINE ROUTES TO AND FROM NIGERIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
O O ALATISE ◽  
A A ADEPOJU
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
Radiation Protection ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Commercial Airline ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
Airline Crews

The study of “external” radiation called cosmic radiation that strikes the earth from anywhere beyond the atmosphere is of great importance in radiation protection. All human beings are exposed to an uncontrollable amount of cosmic radiation on the ground level. Those who travel in space, airline crews and frequent flyers are exposed to additional level of cosmic radiation during their trip but unfor-tunately many of them are not aware of this. This workcalculates the exposure of aircrews and fre-quent flyers to cosmic radiation during travel along some air routes to and from Nigeria. The effective dose was computed using a dedicated software CARI 6M, developed by US FAA.The study focuses on the significance of the in-flight exposure, assessment and estimation of in-flight exposure using the dedicated software and some ways of controlling the exposures so that airline crews and frequent flyers are not exposed to fatal levels of radiation.It was observed that the cosmic radiation doses re-ceived by passengers and crew members on board on flights from Lagos Nigeria to countries in Amer-ica were more than what they received en-route countries in Asia.

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