scholarly journals Methanogenic Archaea and Methanotrophic Bacteria in a Subtropical Paddy Field and Their Interaction: Controlling Methane Emissions from Paddy Fields

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuki Adachi
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Methanotrophic Bacteria

scholarly journals The Value of a Decrease in Temperature by One Degree Celsius of the Regional Microclimate—The Cooling Effect of the Paddy Field

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Ya-Wen Chiueh ◽  
Chih-Hung Tan ◽  
Hsiang-Yi Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Bare Land ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference

In the face of climate change, extreme climates are becoming more frequent. There were severe droughts in Taiwan in 2020, 2014–2015, and 2002. In these years, the paddy fields were kept fallow to save water and transfer agricultural water to non-agricultural use. On the other hand, with global warming, the existence of paddy fields may be one of the natural solutions to regional temperature mitigation. This study used remote sensing to quantify the difference in temperature between paddy fields and urban areas. The result of overall surface temperature deductive analysis revealed that the temperature in the whole Taoyuan research area was 1.2 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003 because of fallowing of the paddy field, while in the Hsinchu research area, it was 1.5 °C higher in 2002 than in 2003, due to the same reason described above. In terms of the difference in land use, for the Hsinchu research area, the surface temperature deductive result showed that the average paddy field temperature in 2002 was 22.3 °C (sample area average), which was 7.7 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 4.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. The average paddy field temperature in 2003 was 19.2 °C (sample area average), which was 10.1 °C lower than that of the building and road point and 8.3 °C lower than that of the bare land point. Then this study evaluated the economic valuation of the paddy field cooling effect using the contingent valuation method. Through the paddy field cooling effect and in the face of worsening extreme global climate, the willingness to pay (WTP) of the respondents in Taiwan for a decrease of 1 °C with regard to the regional microclimate was evaluated. It was found that people in Taiwan are willing to pay an extra 8.89 USD/per kg rice/year for the paddy for a decrease in temperature by 1 °C in the regional microclimate due to the paddy field. Furthermore, this study applied the benefits transfer method to evaluate the value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan. The value of a decrease of 1 °C in the regional microclimate in Taiwan is 9,693,144,279 USD/year. In this regard, the economic value of 1 °C must not be underestimated. In conclusion, more caution is needed while making decisions to change the land use of paddy fields to other land uses.

scholarly journals Effects of Contemporary Land Use Types and Conversions from Wetland to Paddy Field or Dry Land on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 2094
Author(s):  
Di Zhao ◽  
Junyu Dong ◽  
Shuping Ji ◽  
Miansong Huang ◽  
Quan Quan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Heavy Fraction ◽  
Light Fraction ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is closely related to soil quality and climate change. The objectives of this study were to estimate the effects of contemporary land use on SOC concentrations at 0–20 cm depths, and to investigate the dynamics of SOC in paddy-field soil and dry-land soil after their conversion from natural wetlands (20 and 30 years ago). We investigated the dissolved organic carbon (DOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC), and other soil properties (i.e., moisture content, bulk density, pH, clay, sand, silt, available phosphorous, light fraction nitrogen, and heavy fraction nitrogen) in natural wetlands, constructed wetlands, fishponds, paddy fields, and soybean fields. The results indicated that the content of DOC increased 17% in constructed wetland and decreased 39% in fishponds, and the content of HFOC in constructed wetland and fishponds increased 50% and 8%, respectively, compared with that in natural wetlands at 0–20 cm. After the conversion of a wetland, the content of HFOC increased 72% in the paddy fields and decreased 62% in the dry land, while the content of DOC and LFOC decreased in both types. In the paddy fields, LFOC and HFOC content in the topmost 0.2 m of the soil layer was significantly higher compared to the layer below (from 0.2 to 0.6 m), and there were no significant differences observed in the dry land. The findings suggest that the paddy fields can sequester organic carbon through the accumulation of HFOC. However, the HFOC content decreased 22% after 10 years of cultivation with the decrease of clay content, indicating that paddy fields need to favor clay accumulation for the purpose of enhancing carbon sequestration in the paddy fields.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) germplasm with better seedling emergence under direct sowing in flooded paddy field

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Kashiwagi ◽  
Koji Hamada ◽  
Yutaka Jitsuyama
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Rice Germplasm ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cultivation Practice ◽  
Direct Sowing

AbstractDirect sowing of rice in a flooded paddy field is a beneficial cultivation practice for water use and labour efficiency, compared to the transplanted cultivation. However, a drastic reduction in seedling emergence under flooded paddy fields is a serious constraint especially when the seeds fell at deeper soil layers. Suitable rice germplasm for the direct sowing in flooded paddy fields could ensure the success of this cultivation practice. Instead of laborious field-based screening systems, a pot-based screening method was adopted for simplicity and efficient evaluation of seedling emergence of a subset of world rice germplasm (n = 75) at different sowing depths. As a result, two rice genotypes, ‘Vary Futsi’ (landrace from Madagascar, non-glutinous, subspecies Indica) and ‘Dahonggu’ (landrace from China, non-glutinous, subspecies Indica), with consistently better seedling emergence were identified from a wide range of rice germplasm. These genotypes could serve as excellent parents for the breeding program in developing new rice cultivars with the improved seedling emergence in flooded paddy fields. There were no significant differences in the seedling emergence rate in flooded paddy conditions among the groups from various agro-geographical regions.

scholarly journals Degradation Level and Wetland Rice Rehabilitation Effort in Medan Krio Village Sunggal District Deli Serdang

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Mhd Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Paddy Field ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Effective Depth ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The purposes of this research are to know the level of paddy field degradation, mapping level of paddy field degradation and analyze effort of paddy field rehabilitation in Beringin Subdistrict of Deli Serdang Regency of North Sumatera Indonesia to increase rice productivity. This research was conducted in Medan Krio Village, District Sunggal Regency Deli Serdang of North Sumatera. The study was conducted in March to July 2017. This research used nonfactorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 levels organic dosage treatment of Compost Waste City, i.e: B0: Control, B1: Dose 1.5% (36,00 ton/ha), B2: Dose 3% (72,00 ton/ha), B3: Dose 4.5% (108,00 ton/ha), B4: Dose 6% (144,0 ton/ha). The parameters that will be analyzed are the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in paddy fields. The result showed, treatment with Dose 6% (B4) can (1) improve physical properties of soil Bulk Density, Porosity and the effective depth of soil; (2) increase the C-organic content, N-Total levels of P-Available, CEC soil, and low C/N Ratio; (3) increase Soil organic matter and total Microbes. So, Treatment Dose 6% (B4) of compost waste city gives the best effect to the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in paddy fields

Groundwater impact on methane emissions from flooded paddy fields

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 340-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rizzo ◽  
F. Boano ◽  
R. Revelli ◽  
L. Ridolfi
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Paddy Fields

scholarly journals Vision-Based Moving Obstacle Detection and Tracking in Paddy Field Using Improved Yolov3 and Deep SORT

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 4082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjun Qiu ◽  
Nan Zhao ◽  
Lei Zhou ◽  
Mengcen Wang ◽  
Liangliang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Paddy Field ◽  
Autonomous Navigation ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Obstacle Detection ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moving Obstacles ◽  
Agricultural Machines

Using intelligent agricultural machines in paddy fields has received great attention. An obstacle avoidance system is required with the development of agricultural machines. In order to make the machines more intelligent, detecting and tracking obstacles, especially the moving obstacles in paddy fields, is the basis of obstacle avoidance. To achieve this goal, a red, green and blue (RGB) camera and a computer were used to build a machine vision system, mounted on a transplanter. A method that combined the improved You Only Look Once version 3 (Yolov3) and deep Simple Online and Realtime Tracking (deep SORT) was used to detect and track typical moving obstacles, and figure out the center point positions of the obstacles in paddy fields. The improved Yolov3 has 23 residual blocks and upsamples only once, and has new loss calculation functions. Results showed that the improved Yolov3 obtained mean intersection over union (mIoU) score of 0.779 and was 27.3% faster in processing speed than standard Yolov3 on a self-created test dataset of moving obstacles (human and water buffalo) in paddy fields. An acceptable performance for detecting and tracking could be obtained in a real paddy field test with an average processing speed of 5–7 frames per second (FPS), which satisfies actual work demands. In future research, the proposed system could support the intelligent agriculture machines more flexible in autonomous navigation.

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