scholarly journals Low Nitrogen Fertilization Adapts Rice Root Microbiome to Low Nutrient Environment by Changing Biogeochemical Functions

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seishi Ikeda ◽  
Kazuhiro Sasaki ◽  
Takashi Okubo ◽  
Akifumu Yamashita ◽  
Kimihiro Terasawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Nutrient Environment ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Root Microbiome

scholarly journals Genome-wide association of rice response to blast fungus identifies loci for robust resistance under high nitrogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Frontini ◽  
Arnaud Boisnard ◽  
Julien Frouin ◽  
Malika Ouikene ◽  
Jean Benoit Morel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Initial Finding ◽  
Blast Fungus ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Abstract Background Nitrogen fertilization is known to increase disease susceptibility, a phenomenon called Nitrogen-Induced Susceptibility (NIS). In rice, this phenomenon has been observed in infections with the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. A previous classical genetic study revealed a locus (NIS1) that enhances susceptibility to rice blast under high nitrogen fertilization. In order to further address the underlying genetics of plasticity in susceptibility to rice blast after fertilization, we analyzed NIS under greenhouse-controlled conditions in a panel of 139 temperate japonica rice strains. A genome-wide association analysis was conducted to identify loci potentially involved in NIS by comparing susceptibility loci identified under high and low nitrogen conditions, an approach allowing for the identification of loci validated across different nitrogen environments. We also used a novel NIS Index to identify loci potentially contributing to plasticity in susceptibility under different nitrogen fertilization regimes. Results A global NIS effect was observed in the population, with the density of lesions increasing by 8%, on average, under high nitrogen fertilization. Three new QTL, other than NIS1, were identified. A rare allele of the RRobN1 locus on chromosome 6 provides robust resistance in high and low nitrogen environments. A frequent allele of the NIS2 locus, on chromosome 5, exacerbates blast susceptibility under the high nitrogen condition. Finally, an allele of NIS3, on chromosome 10, buffers the increase of susceptibility arising from nitrogen fertilization but increases global levels of susceptibility. This allele is almost fixed in temperate japonicas, as a probable consequence of genetic hitchhiking with a locus involved in cold stress adaptation. Conclusions Our results extend to an entire rice subspecies the initial finding that nitrogen increases rice blast susceptibility. We demonstrate the usefulness of estimating plasticity for the identification of novel loci involved in the response of rice to the blast fungus under different nitrogen regimes.

scholarly journals An Integrated Analysis of the Rice Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveals Root Growth Regulation Mechanisms in Response to Nitrogen Availability

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xin ◽  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Wenzhong Zhang ◽  
Jiping Gao ◽  
Jun Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Conditions

Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth and basic metabolic processes. Root systems play an important role in the ability of plants to obtain nutrients from the soil, and are closely related to the growth and development of above-ground plants. Root morphology analysis showed that root growth was induced under low-nitrogen conditions and inhibited under high-nitrogen conditions. To better understand the molecular mechanisms and metabolic basis underlying the rice root response to nitrogen availability, an integrated analysis of the rice root transcriptome and metabolome under three environmental conditions (low-, control, and high-nitrogen conditions) was conducted. A total of 262 and 262 differentially level metabolites were identified under low- and high-nitrogen conditions, respectively. A total of 696 and 808 differentially expressed genes were identified under low- and high-nitrogen conditions, respectively. For both the differentially expressed genes and metabolites, KEGG pathway analysis indicated that amino acid metabolism, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and phytohormones’ signal transduction were significantly affected by nitrogen availability. Additionally, variable levels of 65 transcription factors (TFs) were identified in rice leaves exposed to high and low nitrogen, covering 22 TF families. These results also indicate that there is a significant difference in the transcriptional regulation mechanisms of rice roots between low and high nitrogen. In summary, our study provides new information for a further understanding of the response of rice roots to low-nitrogen and high-nitrogen conditions.

Corrigendum - Yield depression due to phosphate fertilizer in sugar-cane

1964 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 537
Author(s):  
RA Yates
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Critical Levels ◽  
Ratio Effect ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Low Nitrogen ◽  
Yield Depression

A large series of trials involving phosphate fertilizer showed that yields of cane could be reduced by the application of superphosphate at rates of up to 2 cwt/acre in four distinct areas. In these areas, the yield response to phosphate was dependent on the rate of nitrogen fertilization; yield depression only occurred where the nitrogen supply was adequate; phosphate could increase yields at low nitrogen. In most cases, the yield depression was associated with a low calcium/ magnesium (Ca/Mg) ratio in the soil (a ratio of less than 3.0 in terms of milliequivalents). On soils with high Ca/Mg ratios, regressions of yield response on soil or leaf phosphate indicated critical levels similar to those accepted elsewhere. Significant regressions could not be obtained from soils with low Ca/Mg ratios. A few trials testing a phosphate x trace element interaction indicated that the phosphate yield depression in at least one area was due to an induced deficiency of some trace element. The trace element effect is independent of the Ca/Mg ratio effect.

Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the growth of Sporobolomyces roseus on wheat leaves

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 2741-2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Frossard ◽  
N. J. Fokkema
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Sporobolomyces Roseus ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Low Nitrogen

Green flag leaves of spring wheat grown with low or high nitrogen supply in the form of Ca(NO3)2 were inoculated with Sporobolomyces roseus. Growth of the yeast in a controlled environment was followed for several days by culturing techniques. No consistent differences were found between the development of S. roseus on leaves from low or high nitrogen treated plants, suggesting that leaf exudates from low nitrogen treated plants still contain enough nitrogen compounds to support growth of S. roseus. Nitrogen fertilization obviously seems not to be an appropriate means to manipulate the phyllosphere mycoflora.

scholarly journals The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation and Metabolic Regulators SNRK1, GCN2 on the Formation of Acrylamide in two Potato Varieties (Spunta and Lady Rosetta) Fried in Corn Oil

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Argyropoulos ◽  
Ch Psallida ◽  
T Varzakas
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Total Soluble Protein ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Acrylamide Formation ◽  
Amino Acid Levels ◽  
Metabolic Regulators ◽  
Low Nitrogen

The effect of nitrogen fertilization and metabolic regulators SNRK 1, GCN 2 on the formation of acrylamide in two potato varieties (Spunta and Lady Rosetta) fried in corn oil was studied. For this study, the effect of cultivation treatments involving the combination of two levels of nitrogen during potato cultivation [treatment 1: N1=300mg/kg of soil, treatment 2: N2=600mg/kg of soil)] was analysed in relation to the mRNA expression of the genes SnRK1 and GCN2 and acrylamide formation. Results indicated that increased concentrations of nitrogen fertilization caused a reduction in mRNA expression of SnRK1 and GCN2 genes for both varieties. An increase in nitrogen fertilization caused a reduction in expression of SnRK1 gene and in reducing sugar formation; while mRNA expression for GCN2 decreased and total soluble protein and acrylamide formation increased. Increased expression of SnRK1 and GCN2 genes was observed at low fertilization (low nitrogen) accompanied with a reduction in acrylamide concentration in both varieties. On the contrary, while increased nitrogen resulted in lower levels of reducing sugars but higher protein levels, higher acrylamide levels were observed attributed to increased amino acid levels and specifically asparagine.

PHYSIOLOGY EFFICIECY OF NITROGEN ABSORBTION WITH THREE SOYBEAN VARIETY OF UREA AND APPLICATIONS RHIZOBIUM IN SOIL WITH NUTRITRIONAL STATUS LOW NITROGEN

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147
Author(s):  
Makruf Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Nitrogen Absorption ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Low Nitrogen

The use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer tends to be high on soils with low nitrogen nutrient status, it can affect the balance of the global N cycle, contamination of groundwater and the increasing N2O (nitric monoxide is one of the greenhouse gases). The objective of this research to compare the effect of nitrogen fertilization and application of Rhizobium on nitrogen uptake efficiency, growth and yield of three varieties of soybeans In Soil With Nutritional Status Low Nitrogen. The research was conducted at the practice field Agricultural Extention Collage Medan, Deli Serdang North Sumatra Province in August-December, 2014. The method used is split-slip plot design with the main plot Rhizobium application and without Rhizobium, the subplot is the varieties used are Burangrang, Tanggamus, and Wilis. The sub-sub plot is the standard of N fertilization, which is control, urea 50 kg/ha, 100 kg/ha and 150 kg/ha. Variable observations include nitrogen absorption, plant dry weight, nodule, and production. The results showed that the application of Rhizobium on the variety of Wilis provides a significant response to the increased absorption of nitrogen, whereas the varieties Burangrang and Tanggamus not give a significant response to increased nitrogen absorption. A urea fertilizer dose of 150 kg/ha on the use of Rhizobium inoculant tends to give a negative reaction to the Physiology Efficiency Of Nitrogen Absorbtion (PEN), nodule, and weight of 100 grains. Physiology Efficiency Of Nitrogen Absorbtion (PEN) of three varieties tested were not affected by the level of nitrogen fertilization and the addition of Rhizobium

Combining cover crops and low nitrogen fertilization improves soil supporting functions

2019 ◽  
Vol 442 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 401-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Beatriz Restovich ◽  
Adrián Enrique Andriulo ◽  
Cecilia María Armas-Herrera ◽  
María José Beribe ◽  
Silvina Isabel Portela
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Low Nitrogen

scholarly journals Exploring Rice Root Microbiome; The Variation, Specialization and Interaction of Bacteria and Fungi In Six Tropic Savanna Regions in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5835
Author(s):  
Makoto Kanasugi ◽  
Elsie Sarkodee-Addo ◽  
Richard Ansong Omari ◽  
Khondoker Mohammad Golam Dastogeer ◽  
Yoshiharu Fujii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Rice Root ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Root Microbiome

We investigated the root microbiomes of rice sampled from six major rice-producing regions in Ghana using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput amplicon sequencing analysis. The result showed that both bacterial and fungal community compositions were significantly varied across the regions. Bacterial communities were shaped predominantly by biotic factors, including root fungal diversity and abundance. In contrast, fungal communities were influenced by abiotic factors such as soil nitrate, total carbon and soil pH. A negative correlation between the diversity and abundance of root fungi with soil nitrate (NO3-) level was observed. It suggested that there were direct and indirect effects of NO3- on the root-associated bacterial and fungal community composition. The gradient of soil nitrate from North to South parts of Ghana may influence the composition of rice root microbiome. Bacterial community composition was shaped by fungal diversity and abundance; whereas fungal community composition was shaped by bacterial abundance. It suggested the mutualistic interaction of bacteria and fungi at the community level in the rice root microbiome. Specific bacterial and fungal taxa were detected abundantly in the ‘Northern’ regions of Ghana, which were very low or absent from the samples of other regions. The analysis of indicator species suggested that an ‘ecological specialization’ may have occurred which enabled specific microbial taxa to adapt to the local environment, such as the low-nitrate condition in the Northern regions.

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