scholarly journals S-9 Genetic diversity and molecular mechanisms of reproductive systems in higher plants (S-9-1 - S-9-5)

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-437
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Reproductive Systems

Molecular mechanisms of phytochrome signal transduction in higher plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ye Chu ◽  
Hong-Bo Shao ◽  
Mao-Yau Li
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants

scholarly journals Reference genome assemblies reveal the origin and evolution of allohexaploid oat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanying Peng ◽  
Honghai Yan ◽  
Laichun Guo ◽  
Cao Deng ◽  
Lipeng Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
Reference Quality ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Reference Genomes

Abstract Common oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most important cereal crops serving as a valuable source of forage and human food. While reference genomes of many important crops have been generated, such work in oat has lagged behind, primarily owing to its large, repeat-rich, polyploid genome. By using Oxford Nanopore ultralong sequencing and Hi-C technologies, we have generated the first reference-quality genome assembly of hulless common oat with a contig N50 of 93 Mb. We also assembled the genomes of diploid and tetraploid Avena ancestors, which enabled us to identify oat subgenome, large-scale structural rearrangements, and preferential gene loss in the C subgenome after hexaploidization. Phylogenomic analyses of cereal crops indicated that the oat lineage descended before wheat, offering oat as a unique window into the early evolution of polyploid plants. The origin and evolution of hexaploid oat is deduced from whole-genome sequencing, plastid genome and transcriptomes assemblies of numerous Avena species. The high-quality reference genomes of Avena species with different ploidies and the studies of their polyploidization history will facilitate the full use of crop gene resources and provide a reference for the molecular mechanisms underlying the polyploidization of higher plants, helping us to overcome food security challenges.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Copper Transporters from Lotus spp. and Their Involvement under Flooding Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Escaray ◽  
Cristian J. Antonelli ◽  
Guillermo J. Copello ◽  
Sergi Puig ◽  
Lola Peñarrubia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Copper Uptake ◽  
Copper Transporter ◽  
Copper Transporters ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Natural Grassland

Forage legumes are an important livestock nutritional resource, which includes essential metals, such as copper. Particularly, the high prevalence of hypocuprosis causes important economic losses to Argentinian cattle agrosystems. Copper deficiency in cattle is partially due to its low content in forage produced by natural grassland, and is exacerbated by flooding conditions. Previous results indicated that incorporation of Lotus spp. into natural grassland increases forage nutritional quality, including higher copper levels. However, the biological processes and molecular mechanisms involved in copper uptake by Lotus spp. remain poorly understood. Here, we identify four genes that encode putative members of the Lotus copper transporter family, denoted COPT in higher plants. A heterologous functional complementation assay of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ctr1∆ctr3∆ strain, which lacks the corresponding yeast copper transporters, with the putative Lotus COPT proteins shows a partial rescue of the yeast phenotypes in restrictive media. Under partial submergence conditions, the copper content of L. japonicus plants decreases and the expression of two Lotus COPT genes is induced. These results strongly suggest that the Lotus COPT proteins identified in this work function in copper uptake. In addition, the fact that environmental conditions affect the expression of certain COPT genes supports their involvement in adaptive mechanisms and envisages putative biotechnological strategies to improve cattle copper nutrition.

scholarly journals Update on Cuticular Wax Biosynthesis and Its Roles in Plant Disease Resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5514
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Lingyao Kong ◽  
Pengfei Zhi ◽  
Cheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Cuticular Wax ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Infection Processes ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

The aerial surface of higher plants is covered by a hydrophobic layer of cuticular waxes to protect plant tissues against enormous environmental challenges including the infection of various pathogens. As the first contact site between plants and pathogens, the layer of cuticular waxes could function as a plant physical barrier that limits the entry of pathogens, acts as a reservoir of signals to trigger plant defense responses, and even gives cues exploited by pathogens to initiate their infection processes. Past decades have seen unprecedented proceedings in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis of plant cuticular waxes and their functions regulating plant–pathogen interactions. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the molecular biology of cuticular wax biosynthesis and highlighted its multiple roles in plant disease resistance against bacterial, fungal, and insect pathogens.

Molecular Mechanisms behind the Male-Female Interaction in Fertilization in Higher Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 842-853
Author(s):  
LiJia QU ◽  
YingNan HOU ◽  
JingJing LIU
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants

Molecular mechanisms of HIV-1 genetic diversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-495
Author(s):  
D. V. Sosin ◽  
N. A. Tchurikov
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hiv 1

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins as sequence-specificity factors in post-transcriptional processes in organelles

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1643-1647 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Delannoy ◽  
W.A. Stanley ◽  
C.S. Bond ◽  
I.D. Small
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Sequence Specificity ◽  
Pentatricopeptide Repeat ◽  
Ppr Proteins

PPR (pentatricopeptide repeat) genes form a large family particularly prevalent in higher plants and targeted to organelles. They are involved in many post-transcriptional processes such as splicing, editing, processing and translation. Current data suggest that PPR proteins are involved in targeting effectors to the correct sites on the correct transcripts but the molecular mechanisms for RNA binding and effector recruitment by PPR proteins are not understood yet.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization, Expression Analysis of Carotenoid, Xanthophyll, Apocarotenoid Pathway Genes, and Carotenoid and Xanthophyll Accumulation in Chelidonium majus L.

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1753
Author(s):  
Ramaraj Sathasivam ◽  
Hyeon Ji Yeo ◽  
Chang Ha Park ◽  
Minsol Choi ◽  
Haejin Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Chelidonium Majus ◽  
Perennial Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Total Carotenoid Content

Chelidonium majus L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that has various medicinal properties. However, the genomic information about its carotenoid biosynthesis pathway (CBP), xanthophyll biosynthesis pathway (XBP), and apocarotenoid biosynthesis pathway (ABP) genes were limited. Thus, the CBP, XBP, and ABP genes of C. majus were identified and analyzed. Among the 15 carotenoid pathway genes identified, 11 full and 4 partial open reading frames were determined. Phylogenetic analysis of these gene sequences showed higher similarity with higher plants. Through 3D structural analysis and multiple alignments, several distinct conserved motifs were identified, including dinucleotide binding motif, carotene binding motif, and aspartate or glutamate residues. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that CBP, XBP, and ABP genes were expressed in a tissue-specific manner; the highest expression levels were achieved in flowers, followed by those in leaves, roots, and stems. The HPLC analysis of the different organs showed the presence of eight different carotenoids. The highest total carotenoid content was found in leaves, followed by that in flowers, stems, and roots. This study provides information on the molecular mechanisms involved in CBP, XBP, and ABP genes, which might help optimize the carotenoid production in C. majus. The results could also be a basis of further studies on the molecular genetics and functional analysis of CBP, XBP, and ABP genes.

scholarly journals To catch a hijacker: abundance, evolution and genetic diversity of P4-like bacteriophage satellites

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Moura de Sousa ◽  
Eduardo P. C. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Core Genome ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Abundance Distribution ◽  
The Core ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions ◽  
Variable Genes

Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial parasites that can themselves be parasitized by phage satellites. The molecular mechanisms used by satellites to hijack phages are sometimes understood in great detail, but the origins, abundance, distribution, and composition of these elements are poorly known. Here, we show that P4-like elements are present in more than 10% of the genomes of Enterobacterales, and in almost half of those of Escherichia coli, sometimes in multiple distinct copies. We identified over 1000 P4-like elements with very conserved genetic organization of the core genome and a few hotspots with highly variable genes. These elements are never found in plasmids and have very little homology to known phages, suggesting an independent evolutionary origin. Instead, they are scattered across chromosomes, possibly because their integrases are often exchanged with other elements. The rooted phylogenies of hijacking functions are correlated and suggest longstanding co-evolution. They also reveal broad host ranges in P4-like elements, since almost identical elements can be found in distinct bacterial genuses. Our results show that P4-like phage satellites constitute a very distinct, widespread and ancient family of mobile genetic elements. They pave the way for studying the molecular evolution of antagonistic interactions between phages and their satellites.

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