With the increasing pressure on the ecological environment, the continuous progress of science and technology and the government’s policy support for the new energy industry, the development momentum of China’s new energy automobile industry is strong. However, the emerging industry still faces major obstacles in terms of technological innovation, standard-setting and marketization. In the face of these obstacles, industrial alliances, as an organizational form, have been widely used in the new energy vehicle industry in order to seek the risk sharing and cooperation effect of alliances. In this paper, on the basis of identifying the members of China’s new energy automobile industry alliance and based on the classification theory of industrial alliance, China’s new energy automobile industry alliance is divided into horizontal alliance and vertical alliance. In addition, this paper adopts the method of case study to put forward reasonable suggestions for the shortcomings existing in the development status of China’s new energy vehicle industry alliance, so as to promote the technological innovation of the industry alliance.