scholarly journals MAPPING AND CLASSIFICATION OF DIRECT EFFECTS OF THE FLOOD OF OCTOBER 2014 IN ATHENS

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Diakakis ◽  
G. Deligiannakis ◽  
K. Katsetsiadou ◽  
E. Lekkas ◽  
M. Melaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Severity Scale ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
The City ◽  
Sewerage Network

In 24 October 2014, a high intensity storm hit Athens’ western suburbs causing extensive flash flooding phenomena. The drainage and the sewerage network of the city were overwhelmed leading to catastrophic flood flows along the road network, flooding houses and businesses, sweeping away vehicles, injuring people and causing numerous problems in transportation across the city. Parts of the city were inundated for several hours, particularly in western Athens, namely Ilion, Menidi, Peristeri, Acharnai, Korydallos and Piraeus. This work examines and reconstructs in detail the flood's characteristics, the different types of direct effects within the urban environment and the severity of its direct impacts across Athens basin. Results show a concentration of flood damages in specific locations mostly along the city's natural drainage network or derelict streams and culverts. At their peak stage, floodwaters extended to an area of 4.9 square km recording a maximum depth of 170 cm in certain locations. Eight types of direct impacts were identified in 1223 impact locations, including effects on vegetation, geomorphology, erosion, mobile objects, buildings, infrastructure and human population. A severity scale was developed allowing effects to be divided in five severity classes across the flooded area and making possible the delineation of high impact sections of the city.

scholarly journals SPATIAL CLASSIFICATION OF TRANSPORT NETWORKS AND ITS CONNECTION WITH THE TYPOLOGY OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT FOR THE CITIES OF NAJAF AND KUFA OF THE PROVINCE OF NAJAF

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
A. Al-jaberi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Transit Oriented Development ◽  
Spatial Classification ◽  
The Road ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Gis Environment

Transport is a link between territories with different types of land use in urban areas. At the same time, the improved accessibility associated with the transport network can lead to increased segregation and a change in land use. The article analyzes the road network of the Najaf and Kufa cities, Najaf province, Iraq, in order to identify the spatial classification of roads and streets. Based on the analysis, three main types of roads and streets are identified with respect to their structural features and characteristics: regional, city and district. The dependence of the typology and location of transit-oriented zones on the classification of the road network is indicated. In the process of analyzing the study area, the most optimal points for the practice of transit-oriented development (TOD) are identified, the territories most favorable for the location of transit-oriented zones of regional, city and district significance are introduced, the main characteristics of these zones are given. In order to reach goals, this article includes the collection of data and the creation of a database for land use applying a geographic information systems (GIS) environment. The result of the spatial analysis are five regional nodes, six urban nodes and seven district nodes

scholarly journals Optimization of Evacuation and Walking-Home Routes from Osaka City After a Nankai Megathrust Earthquake Using Road Network Big Data

2021 ◽  
pp. 369-389
Author(s):  
Atsushi Takizawa ◽  
Yutaka Kawagishi
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
The Road ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Flooded Area ◽  
Network Big Data ◽  
Surrounding Areas

AbstractWhen a disaster such as a large earthquake occurs, the resulting breakdown in public transportation leaves urban areas with many people who are struggling to return home. With people from various surrounding areas gathered in the city, unusually heavy congestion may occur on the roads when the commuters start to return home all at once on foot. In this chapter, it is assumed that a large earthquake caused by the Nankai Trough occurs at 2 p.m. on a weekday in Osaka City, where there are many commuters. We then assume a scenario in which evacuation from a resulting tsunami is carried out in the flooded area and people return home on foot in the other areas. At this time, evacuation and returning-home routes with the shortest possible travel times are obtained by solving the evacuation planning problem. However, the road network big data for Osaka City make such optimization difficult. Therefore, we propose methods for simplifying the large network while keeping those properties necessary for solving the optimization problem and then recovering the network. The obtained routes are then verified by large-scale pedestrian simulation, and the effect of the optimization is verified.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF THE CITY TRANSPORT SYSTEM BY MEANS OF SIMULATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Polina A. Buyvol ◽  
Gulnara A. Yakupova ◽  
Irina V. Makarova
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Road Network ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Computer Experiment ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Traffic Lights ◽  
The Road ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
The City

The transport system plays an important role in human activities and is an integral part of the successful functioning of the urbanized area. The increasing degree of provision of urban residents with transport services should at the same time keep the environment environmentally friendly and sustainable over time. The article is devoted to the issues of ensuring the rational functioning of the city transport system based on the development and implementation of an intelligent road infrastructure management system, the intellectual core of which are simulation models of problem areas of the road network. The objective of the study is the development of tools for organizing traffic in the conditions of the rapid growth of the fleet of vehicles. Research tasks were to analyze the research in the field of traffic management, to consider methods to reduce and prevent traffic jams on roads in general and in individual sections in particular. The following research methods were used: methods of system analysis, methods of modeling traffic flows, simulation, computer experiment. Achievements: the developed simulation model can be used to conduct a computer experiment in order to select the optimal parameters for the functioning of traffic lights on a specific section of the road network of the city of Naberezhnye Chelny

scholarly journals Concrete Modular Pavements – Types, Issues And Challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrius Vaitkus ◽  
Judita Gražulytė ◽  
Rita Kleizienė ◽  
Viktoras Vorobjovas ◽  
Ovidijus Šernas
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
Precast Concrete ◽  
Concrete Slabs ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Urban Streets ◽  
The Road ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pavement Construction

According to the European Asphalt Pavement Association, more than 90 per cent of the European road network is paved with asphalt. Constantly increasing traffic volume and climate change accelerate deterioration of current pavements. As a result, there arises a need to rehabilitate them prematurely. Repair and rehabilitation work lead to traffic congestion, which is one of the most significant concerns in highly trafficked roads and urban streets. Concrete modular pavements consisting of precast concrete slabs are a reasonable solution to deal with the road works since their construction, as well as repair, is time-saving. Repair works typically are implemented during a low traffic period (usually at night). A primary purpose of concrete modular pavements is heavily trafficked roads and other transport areas. This paper focuses on concrete modular pavements, their types, issues and challenges related to their design, slab fabrication and pavement construction. The conducted analysis revealed 15 different types of concrete modular pavements that differ from the techniques of slab joints and load transfer between the adjacent slabs. More than 20 issues and challenges related to the design of modular elements, slab fabrication and pavement construction were identified. Finally, the existing practice of concrete modular pavements was summarised and the gaps of scientific knowledge, as well as a need for comprehensive research, were defined.

scholarly journals Towards a Rule-driven Approach for Updating Dynamic Road Segments

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 405-411
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Jelokhani-Niaraki ◽  
Ali Asghar Alesheikh ◽  
Abbas Alimohammadi ◽  
Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Segmentation ◽  
Transportation Organization ◽  
Manual Tasks ◽  
The City ◽  
Transportation Applications ◽  
Road Segments

In recent years, the development of the GIS-T (Geographic Information System for Transportation) applications has gained much attention, providing the transportation planners and managers with in-depth knowledge to achieve better decisions. Needless to say, developing a successful GIS for transportation applications is highly dependent on the design of a well-structured data model. Dynamic segmentation (DS) data model is a popular one being used more and more for different GIS-T analyses, serving as a data model that splits linear features into new set of segments wherever its attributes change. In most cases, the sets of segments presenting a particular attribute change frequently. Transportation managers place great importance on having regular update and revision of segmented data to ensure correct and precise decisions are made. However, updating the segmented data manually is a difficult task and a time-consuming process to do, demanding an automatic approach. To alleviate this, the present study describes a rule-based method using topological concept to simply update road segments and replace the manual tasks that users are to carry out. The proposed approach was employed and implemented on real road network data of the City of Tehran provided by the Road Maintenance and Transportation Organization (RMTO) of Iran. The practical results demonstrated that the time, cost, human-type errors, and complexity involved in update tasks are all reduced. KEYWORDS: GIS-T, dynamic segmentation, segment, automatic update, change type, rule

Recopolis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauro Olmo Enciso
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The Road ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
The City

The foundation of the city of Recopolis on the initiative of King Liuvigild in ad 578 is the clearest material expression of the participation of the Visigothic state in urban development and in the creation of power landscapes. The ex novo construction of the city – city walls, palatial complex, elite houses, commercial and industrial buildings, hierarchical organization of space – and its impact on the wider territory, with the reorganization and renovation of the road network and creation of new rural settlements, was a clear demonstration of political prowess and an expression of the tax-collecting power of the state. Contextualizing these features within the broader landscape helps in understanding the spatial and social inequality that characterized the beginning of the early medieval period.

scholarly journals Learning to Generate Maps from Trajectories

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 890-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijie Ruan ◽  
Cheng Long ◽  
Jie Bao ◽  
Chunyang Li ◽  
Zisheng Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Embedded Devices ◽  
The Road ◽  
Mobile Objects ◽  
Map Generation ◽  
Spatial View ◽  
Topological Connectivity ◽  
Wide Usage

Accurate and updated road network data is vital in many urban applications, such as car-sharing, and logistics. The traditional approach to identifying the road network, i.e., field survey, requires a significant amount of time and effort. With the wide usage of GPS embedded devices, a huge amount of trajectory data has been generated by different types of mobile objects, which provides a new opportunity to extract the underlying road network. However, the existing trajectory-based map recovery approaches require many empirical parameters and do not utilize the prior knowledge in existing maps, which over-simplifies or over-complicates the reconstructed road network. To this end, we propose a deep learning-based map generation framework, i.e., DeepMG, which learns the structure of the existing road network to overcome the noisy GPS positions. More specifically, DeepMG extracts features from trajectories in both spatial view and transition view and uses a convolutional deep neural network T2RNet to infer road centerlines. After that, a trajectory-based post-processing algorithm is proposed to refine the topological connectivity of the recovered map. Extensive experiments on two real-world trajectory datasets confirm that DeepMG significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.

scholarly journals Development of the Road Network in the City of Salt in 2004 and 2016 Using GIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Deaa Al-Deen Amjad Qtaishat ◽  
Abd Al Azez Hdoush ◽  
Eng. Loiy Qasim Alzu’Bi
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Population Distribution ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Road ◽  
Standard Distance ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Social ◽  
The City

The aim of this study is to analyze the structure of the road network in As-Salt City in the period between 2004 and 2016, in order to identify the road employability in terms of the degree of connectivity, rotation, accessibility, and density. The relationship between the social properties and road distribution are also examined through analysis of the network characteristics concerning population distribution. The data used in this study was based on the As-Salt City Municipality Database supported with fieldwork done in 2016. The network analysis approach using GIS was used to calculate the roads employability. The study compares between the results of the analysis using the cognitive model of the road network for the years 2004 and 2016, knowing that the number of nodes in 2004 and 2016 was constant indicating the number of neighborhoods is 20, while the number of links changed from 42 links in 2004 to 50 links in 2016 and the average center of roads was determined, and it was estimated that the average road center is located near the municipality of As-Salt The study indicates that the road network suffers from a low degree of communication and rotation and the standard distance of road sites in the study area. The standard distance for each group was 2338.49 m. There is a disparity in the distribution of road network within As-Salt City, and the proportion of roads lengths dose not suit the population distribution pattern. The neighborhood of Al- Salalem, includes 19.5% of the total number of roads in As-Salt, because the neighborhood of Al-Salalem contains the highest population census and this is accompanied by urban growth, which is necessarily accompanied by the presence of roads. Therefore, it is recommended to have a plan to redistribute the population in the city and to establish new roads to reduce the problems of traffic in the city.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Bicycle Network Analysis Based on Traditional Counting Methods and GPS Traces from Smartphone

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Rupi ◽  
Cristian Poliziani ◽  
Joerg Schweizer
Keyword(s):  
Road Network ◽  
Smartphone Application ◽  
The Road ◽  
Total Deviation ◽  
Deviation Index ◽  
Shortest Route ◽  
Gps Traces ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The City ◽  
Entire Network

This research describes numerical methods to analyze the absolute transport demand of cyclists and then to quantify the road network weaknesses of a city with the aim to identify infrastructure improvements in favor of cyclists. The methods are based on a combination of bicycle counts and map-matched GPS traces and are demonstrated with the city of Bologna, Italy: the dataset is based on approximately 27,500 GPS traces from cyclists, recorded over a period of one month on a volunteer basis using a smartphone application. A first method estimates absolute, city-wide bicycle flows, by scaling map-matched bicycle flows of the entire network to manual and instrumental bicycle counts of the main bikeways of the city. As there is a good correlation between the two sources of flow data, the absolute bike-flows on the entire network have been correctly estimated. A second method describes a novel link-deviation index, which quantifies for each network edge the total deviation generated for cyclists in terms of extra distances traveled with respect to the shortest possible route. The deviations are accepted by cyclists either to avoid unpleasant road attributes along the shortest route or to experience more favorable road attributes along the chosen route. The link deviation index indicates the planner which road links are contributing most to the total deviation of all cyclists – in this way, repelling and attracting road attributes for cyclists can be identified. This is why the deviation index is of practical help to prioritize bike infrastructure construction on individual road network links.

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