Νεοαγγείωση καρκίνου παχέος εντέρου

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Πέτρος Παυλόπουλος
Keyword(s):  
Shape Factor ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Axis Length

Background: Neovascularization reportedly is correlated with metastasis, recurrence, and prognosis in many types of solid tumors. Microvessel quantification in so-called "hot spots" has been studied extensively as the only factor reflecting angiogenesis in various malignant tumors. The objective of this study was to evaluate multiple morphometric microvascular characteristics in addition to microvessel density (MVD) in colorectal carcinomas to provide a better approach to examining the relation between angiogenesis and clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. Methods: Histologic sections from 106 colorectal adenocarcinomas and 17 adenomas, immunostained for factor VIII, were evaluated by image analysis for the quantification of MVD, total vascular area (TVA), and microvascular branching, as well as several morphometric parameters related to the vessel size (area, major axis length, minor axis length, perimeter, Feret diameter), shape (compactness, shape factor) or immunostaining intensity (proportion of intensely stained areas in relation to the total immunostained surface). Of the 123 cases investigated, 103 finally were evaluable in the statistical analysis, responding to the criteria of a high quality image depiction. Results: Carcinomas presented higher counts of microvessels compared to adenomas. MVD appeared to decrease with increasing Dukes stage. Carcinomas of lower Dukes stages (A and B) had a higher mean MVD than those of advanced stages (C and D). Although the difference did not reach statistical significance, well-differentiated neoplasms had lower MVD values than poorly differentiated ones. MVD was significantly correlated with the shape factor and compactness. All the morphometric parameters related to the size of microvessels had lower values in the group of adenomas. These parameters where significantly increased with progressing Dukes stage. Carcinomas with a higher histological differentiation had a significantly reduced TVA as compared to tumors with moderate or poor differentiation. Well-differentiated tumors had significantly lower values of shape factor and higher values of compactness in relation to poorly differentiated neoplasms. The vascular branching counts were significantly higher in carcinomas than in adenomas, and remained unaffected through progressing Dukes stages. Adenomas presented a more intense immunoreaction to FVIII as compared to carcinomas. Branching counts and TVA were the only factors of prognostic significance. Conclusions: This study provides evidence that neovascularization is an early critical event in colorectal tumorigenesis, reaching a maximum level early in the malignant process. Its prognostic significance is better assessed by quantification of TVA and the branching pattern of microvessels, whereas MVD does not provide significant prognostic information for colorectal carcinoma patients.

The Spectrum of Neuroendocrine Differentiation Among Gastrointestinal Carcinoids

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
Terence N. Moyana ◽  
Jim Xiang ◽  
A. Senthilselvan ◽  
Andrew Kulaga
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Neuroendocrine Differentiation ◽  
Prognostic Indicators ◽  
Histologic Grading ◽  
Metastatic Behavior ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Mib 1

Abstract Context.—The advent of panneuroendocrine markers has helped to better depict the heterogeneity of gastrointestinal carcinoids. Consequently, it has been proposed that these tumors constitute a histologic spectrum that includes well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated carcinoids. However, the reproducibility of this grading system and its prognostic importance have sometimes been called into question. Objective.—To investigate the potential utility of cell proliferation and oncoprotein markers in augmenting the histologic classification. Design and Setting.—Retrospective study; tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods.—Fifty-eight patients with 41 well-differentiated, 12 moderately differentiated and 5 poorly differentiated carcinoids from various topographic sites of the gastrointestinal tract were selected and immunostained for panneuroendocrine markers, MIB-1, p53, and bcl-2. Main Outcome Measures.—Degree of association between histologic grading, MIB-1, p53, and bcl-2 immunoreactivity and carcinoid metastatic behavior. Results.—The group comprised 30 males and 28 females whose mean age was 52.7 years (range, 14–81). Mean follow-up time was 85.8 months. All 58 patients tested positive for chromogranin A and/or synaptophysin. The group was divided into nonmetastatic (42/58, or 72.4%) and metastatic (16/58, or 27.6%) cases. Histologic grading tended to be associated with metastatic spread, but this occurrence of metastases did not attain statistical significance (P = .08). Positivity for MIB-1 (P = .004) and p53 (P = .04) was significantly associated with metastatic behavior, whereas bcl-2 was not (P = 0.63). Conclusions.—Although an organoid pattern and neuroendocrine immunophenotype help to define the spectrum of gastrotestinal carcinoids, this study suggests that the histologic grading of these tumors has some limitations with respect to predicting metastatic behavior. However, MIB-1 and p53 can compliment histologic grading as prognostic indicators in this regard while bcl-2 appears to be less useful.

Immunoexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-270
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Carcinoma ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
Histological Types ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
Stage D

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of gastrointestinal tract and is a contributing factor of cancer mortality in Myanmar. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a proteolytic enzyme which breaks down extracellular matrix leading to tumor progression, contri-buting as a potential prognostic marker nowadays. The study was aimed to determine MMP-9 immunoexpression in colorectal adenocarcinoma and its association with Astler-Coller staging. A cross-sectional descrip-tive study was done on 42 specimens of colorectal adenocarcinoma. All tissue specimens were studied with haematoxylin and eosin to categorize histological types and grades. Out of 42 cases, 21.4% were well differentiated, 57.2% were moderately differentiated and 21.4% were poorly differentiated. According to Astler-Coller staging, 11.9% were found to be in stage B1, 40.5% in stage B2, 7.1% in stage C1, 33.3% in stage C2 and 7.1% in stage D. 81% (34/42) of colorectal carcinoma showed positive MMP-9 immunoexpression. Positive MMP-9 immuno-expression was seen in 91% of conventional adenocarcinoma, 40% of mucinous carcinoma and no cases signet ring carcinoma. The findings of the study pointed out that MMP-9 immunoexpression was positively associated with histological types of colorectal adenocarcinoma (p=0.001). MMP-9 immunoexpression was positive in 88.9% of well differentiated adenocarcinoma, 91.7% of moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and 44.4% of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma (p=0.007). Regarding the immunoexpression of MMP-9 in different Astler-Coller staging, positive MMP-9 immunoexpression was seen in 60% of the cases in stage B1, 76.5% in stage B2, 66.7% in stage C1, 92.9% in stage C2 and 100% in stage D. The findings of the study can be extrapolated to predict prognosis and help in better management of colorectal adenocarcinoma by introducing targeted therapy against MMP-9 in future.

scholarly journals PAK1 Expression in Pancreatic Cancer: Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Significance

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117955491983199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Symeonidis ◽  
Maria Lambropoulou ◽  
Efstathios Pavlidis ◽  
Constantinos Anagnostopoulos ◽  
Alexandra Tsaroucha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tumor Node Metastasis Stage ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Pak1 Expression

Background: Improvement of the management of pancreatic cancer requires a better understanding of the genetic and molecular changes responsible for the development of the disease. The family of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) and especially PAK1 appears to mediate many cellular processes that contribute to the development and progression of pancreatic cancer, but the clinical relevance of PAK1 expression with the disease still remains unclear. Aim of the study was to assess the clinical value and the potential prognostic significance of PAK1 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: We investigated the relationship between the PAK1 expression and the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of pancreatic cancer patients and the potential significance of PAK1 on survival. We examined tissue samples from 51 patients operated for pancreatic cancer. PAK1 expression was investigated with immunohistochemistry and correlated to clinicopathological parameters. Results: PAK1 was detected in all tumor samples and high expression was found in most patients. High PAK1 expression was also associated with younger age and well-differentiated tumors, but no association was found between PAK1 expression and Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage as well as deceased or alive status on follow-up. Moderate to high PAK1 expression favored higher 6-month and 1-year survival and low PAK1 expression 2-year survival but without statistical significance. Conclusions Our results indicate that PAK1 could potentially be used as a prognostic marker in pancreatic cancer. Further studies could clarify whether utilization of PAK1 in therapeutic protocols for the treatment of pancreatic cancer will render them more effective.

scholarly journals EMMPRIN Expression in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas: Correlation with Tumor Proliferation and Patient Survival

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís Silva Monteiro ◽  
Maria Leonor Delgado ◽  
Sara Ricardo ◽  
Fernanda Garcez ◽  
Barbas do Amaral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Membrane Expression ◽  
Cancer Specific Survival ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Tumor Expression

The aim of our study was to explore the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) expression in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC), and its relation with the proliferative tumor status of OSCC. We examined EMMPRIN and Ki-67 proteins expression by immunohistochemistry in 74 cases with OSCC. Statistical analysis was conducted to examine their clinicopathological and prognostic significance in OSCC. EMMPRIN membrane expression was observed in all cases, with both membrane and cytoplasmic tumor expression in 61 cases (82.4%). EMMPRIN overexpression was observed in 56 cases (75.7%). Moderately or poorly differentiated tumors showed EMMPRIN overexpression more frequently than well-differentiated tumors(P=0.002). Overexpression of EMMPRIN was correlated with high Ki-67 expression(P=0.004). In the multivariate analysis, EMMPRIN overexpression reveals an adverse independent prognostic value for cancer-specific survival (CSS)(P=0.034). Our results reveal that EMMPRIN protein is overexpressed in more than two-thirds of OSCC cases, especially in high proliferative and less differentiated tumors. The independent value of EMMPRIN overexpression in CSS suggests that this protein could be used as an important biological prognostic marker for patients with OSCC. Moreover, the high expression of EMMPRIN makes it a possible therapeutic target in OSCC patients.

scholarly journals Quantification of morphology of canine circumanal gland tumors: a fractal based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I.C. Šoštarić-Zuckermann ◽  
K. Severin ◽  
M. Huzak ◽  
M. Hohšteter ◽  
A. Gudan Kurilj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
World Health ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Immunohistochemical Markers ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Health Organization

<p>Circumanal gland tumors are very common neoplasms of dogs. Their classification relies on microscopic examination and is further supported by a few immunohistochemical markers that help indicate their prognosis. However, new additional tests would be highly useful. The purpose of this study was to develop such a test using fractal analysis which is increasingly being applied in science, especially in the field of biomedicine. A total of 53 circumanal gland tumors were chosen from our department archives. After a precise histological classification according to the World Health Organization classification, the number of <em>de novo</em> classified samples was as follows: 15 adenomas, 11 epitheliomas, 21 well differentiated carcinomas, 6 poorly differentiated carcinomas. Ten samples of normal circumanal gland were also included as control. All samples were immunohistochemicaly stained with vimentin. All immunohistochemical reactions were photographed at two different magnifications -100X and 400X and converted to 1 bit in black and white (bitmap) images thus enhancing the positive vimentin reactions. These images were used for the assessment of fractal dimension applying the <em>box counting method</em> and computer software <em>Fractalyse</em>. To determine the significance of results, conventional statistics were performed using Statistica software. The overall vimentin stain score was significantly higher in epitheliomas and carcinomas than in normal circumanal glands (CG) or adenomas. Mean values of fractal dimension estimated at magnification 100X and 400X were as follows: normal CG 1.318 and 1.372, CG adenomas 1.384 and 1.408, CG epitheliomas 1.547 and 1.597, CG well differentiated carcinomas 1.569 and 1.607, CG poorly differentiated carcinomas 1.679 and 1.723. Significant differences (at level of 5%) of these values were observed between individual groups of CG adenomas or normal CG, and epitheliomas or carcinomas. The above results indicate vimentin immunohistochemistry staining and assessment of fractal dimension as an ancillary diagnostic method of choice when discerning between benign and malignant tumors of circumanal glands. Additional development of the method of fractal dimension assesment may yield a possibility for this tool to successfully discern between all of the types of CG tumors.</p>

Prognostic value of cathepsin L and its inhibitor headpin in oral squamous cell carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 126 (11) ◽  
pp. 1134-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Nakashima ◽  
R Yasumatsu ◽  
M Masuda ◽  
G L Clayman ◽  
S Komune
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cathepsin L ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

AbstractObjective:To investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of the expression of cathepsin L and its inhibitor headpin, in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Design:Immunohistochemical studies were performed on 56 oral squamous cell carcinoma samples. We evaluated the relationship between cathepsin L and headpin expression versus patients' clinicopathological factors and survival.Results:The group that was positive for cathepsin L expression tended to have positive metastatic neck lymph nodes and a poorer prognosis. Headpin expression was not related to metastasis or prognosis. Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma had higher levels of headpin expression compared with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma.Conclusion:Cathepsin L expression is related to the invasive and metastatic potential of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Motility of leukemic lymphocytes

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 368-369
Author(s):  
Manoj Raje ◽  
Karvita B. Ahluwalia
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Laser Doppler Velocimetry ◽  
Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Cellular Space ◽  
Differentiated Cells ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Solid Tissues ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Reduced Mobility

In Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia motility of lymphocytes is associated with dissemination of malignancy and establishment of metastatic foci. Normal and leukemic lymphocytes in circulation reach solid tissues where due to in adequate perfusion some cells get trapped among tissue spaces. Although normal lymphocytes reenter into circulation leukemic lymphocytes are thought to remain entrapped owing to reduced mobility and form secondary metastasis. Cell surface, transmembrane interactions, cytoskeleton and level of cell differentiation are implicated in lymphocyte mobility. An attempt has been made to correlate ultrastructural information with quantitative data obtained by Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV). TEM of normal & leukemic lymphocytes revealed heterogeneity in cell populations ranging from well differentiated (Fig. 1) to poorly differentiated cells (Fig. 2). Unlike other cells, surface extensions in differentiated lymphocytes appear to originate by extrusion of large vesicles in to extra cellular space (Fig. 3). This results in persistent unevenness on lymphocyte surface which occurs due to a phenomenon different from that producing surface extensions in other cells.

Adhesive Platelet Count and Blood Coagulability in Myocardial Infarction and Cerebral Thrombosis

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 450-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yamazaki ◽  
T Odakura ◽  
K Takeuchi ◽  
T Sano
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
Cerebral Thrombosis ◽  
Prothrombin Activity ◽  
Recovery Stage ◽  
Blood Coagulability

SummaryIn 382 patients, aged 21 to 76 years, including 39 healthy volunteers, a platelet count by Olef’s method, an adhesive platelet count by Moolten-Vroman’s method, prothrombin activity due to one-stage prothrombin time and calcium clotting time were measured. In 39 cases of myocardial infarction and 40 cases of cerebral thrombosis, both in acute stage, a marked decrease in the adhesive platelet count and adhesive index and an increase of prothrombin activity were observed with statistical significance compared to the healthy group (P < 0.01). In the recovery stage of myocardial infarction, cerebral thrombosis and other diseases, except for malignant tumors, acute infectious diseases, diabetes mellitus and blood or liver diseases, the above observations were absent or reduced. In the case of thrombosis, a negative correlation was seen between the adhesive platelet count and prothrombin activity (r — —0.238, P < 0.01). There is no correlation between the changes in platelet adhesiveness or blood coagulability and total cholesterol level in serum.

HER2 OVEREXPRESSION IN ENDOSCOPIC BIOPSY SAMPLE OF GASTRIC ADENOCARCINOMA BY IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY

2012 ◽  
pp. 109-118
Author(s):  
Viet Nho Le ◽  
Van Huy Tran ◽  
Cong Thuan Dang ◽  
Van To Ta
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Undifferentiated Carcinoma ◽  
Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Signet Ring Cell ◽  
Endoscopic Biopsy ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Tubular Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Signet Ring ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background and aim: HER2 overexpression by immunohistochemistry is a prognostic maker in gastric cancer and helps to select candidates benefitted from targeted therapy with trastuzumab. This study is aimed at the assessing HER2 overexpression and its relationship with endoscopic and histopathological findings of gastric adenocarcinoma. Objectives and methods: Biopsy samples from 92 gastric cancer patients were examined for HER2 status by immunohistochemical staining. Results: 6.5% of tumors were cardia tumors and 93.5% were non-cardia tumors. Using the Lauren classification, 51.1% were intestinal type and 48.9% were diffuse type. Using WHO classification, 54.3% were tubular adenocarcinoma, 7.6% were mucinous adenocarcinoma, 15.2% were signet-ring cell carcinoma, and 22.8% were undifferentiated carcinoma. 32.6% were well-differentiated, 15.2% were moderately-differentiated, and 52.2% were poorly-differentiated carcinoma. HER2 was positive in 20.7% of gastric carcinomas, 50% cardia tumors and 18.6% non-cardia tumors. HER2 positivity among polypoid, fungating, ulcerated, and infiltrative types were 38.5%, 29.7%, 9.1% and 0%, respectively. HER2 overexpression in intestinal type was higher than that in diffuse type (31.9% vs. 8.9%, p = 0.009). HER2 overexpression in tubular adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma was 28.0%, 14.3%, 7.1% and 14.3%, respectively. HER2 overexpressions were different between differentiation degrees: 30% of well-differentiated tumors, 35.7% moderately-differentiated tumors, and 10.4% of poorly-differentiated tumors (p = 0.037). Conclusions: HER2 overexpression was found in 20.7% of endoscopic biopsy sample of gastric adenocarcinoma and was associated with endoscopic gross characteristic, Lauren histologic type and differentiation degree.

HISTOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF MAMMARY GLAND NEOPLASMS IN CATS

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Breast Tumors ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Breast Adenocarcinomas

Mammary gland neoplasms in cats are at the top of the list of the most common nosological diseases among domestic animals; more than half of the tumors appear as malignant. Veterinary practitioners have many questions about the prevalence of breast tumors in cats, depending on age, breed and seasons of the year. The article presents the results of diseases prevalence of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats kept in the conditions of Bishkek. The characteristic of macroscopic and microscopic studies of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats at different periods of life and depending on the breed is also described. Studies were conducted in the period from March 2018 to March 2019. Morphological methods were used in the study of breast tumors. As a result of our research, we established the morphological forms of benign and malignant breast tumors in cats. Among benign neoplastic breast diseases in cats, breast lipoma was observed. Also among the malignant tumors of the breast met highly differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated breast adenocarcinomas malnutrition and necrosis as well as the rare phylloid (leaf-shaped) fibroadenoma of the mammary gland which makes up only 0.3-0.5 % of all breast tumors.

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