scholarly journals Perspectivism of the Renaissance Thought

2020 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
David Menčik
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Philosophical Anthropology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Difference ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Original Works ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Universe

The starting point of the essay is clarifying the difference between the mono-perspective and multi-perspective vision of reality. Off-course the terms perspective, mono-perspective and multi-perspective are not self-explanatory and the meanings of these terms need to be formally analysed. After making the formal difference between mono-perspective thinking and multi-perspective thinking a content difference needs to be made. Namely, why is the Renaissance vision of reality multi-perspective and the Middle-Age vision of reality mono-perspective? The answer to this question needs to be given by the analysis of the original works of the Renaissance thinkers. Our undertaking will not be limited in analysing only one discourse but following the subject from a methodological point of view in a multi-perspectivism way. Therefore, three different discourses will be analysed:  The discourse of philosophical anthropology with Mirandola’s vision of man as a paradigmatic example-The discourse of philosophy of nature, with Bruno’s vision of the universe as a paradigmatic example-The discourse of art history in which four paintings will be analysed: these paintings can be considered of having philosophical, value because they provide a picturesque representation of what the Renaissance “world” was really like.

Changes in the Prognosis of Functional Psychoses Since the Days of Kraepelin

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (501) ◽  
pp. 813-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Örnulv Ödegård
Keyword(s):  
Special Problem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
General Point ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Dynamic Reasoning ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Functional Psychoses ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Universe

My choice of Kraepelin as a point of departure for this lecture has definite reasons. If one wants to stay within the field of clinical psychiatry (as opposed to psychiatric history), that is as far back as one can reasonably go. By this no slight is intended upon the pre-Kraepelinian psychiatrists. For our topic Henry Maudsley would indeed have been a most appropriate starting point, and by no means for reasons of courtesy. His general point of view is admirably sound as a basis for the scientific study of prognosis in psychiatry. I quote: “There is no accident in madness. Causality, not casualty, governs its appearance in the universe, and it is very far from being a good and sufficient practice simply to mark its phenomena and straightway to pass on as if they belonged not to an order but to a disorder of events that called for no explanation.” On the special problem of prognosis he shows his clinical acumen by stating that the outlook is poor when the course of illness is insidious, but this only means that these cases develop their psychoses on the basis of mental deviations which go very far back in the patient's life, so that in fact they are generally in a chronic stage at the time of their first admission to hospital. Here he actually corrects a mistake which is still quite often made. He shows his dynamic attitude when he says that prognosis is to a large extent modified by external conditions, in particular by the attitude of friends and relatives. Maudsley's dynamic reasoning was limited by the narrow framework of the degeneration hypothesis of those days. He had a sceptical attitude towards classification, which he regarded as artificial and dangerously pseudo-exact. His own classification was deliberately provisional, with very wide groups. He held that a description of various sub-forms of chronic insanity was useless, as it would mean nothing but a tiresome enumeration of unconnected details.

scholarly journals The Dreamer and Their Authenticity in the Zhuangzi

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Barbara Aniela Bonar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Structural Process ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Psychoanalytic Perspective ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Two Stages

In this paper, I explain the problem of the dreamer in the Zhuangzi. I aim to show that no difference exists between dreaming states and waking states because we have a fluctual relationship with these two stages. In both, “we are dreaming.” Put another way, from a psychoanalytical point of view, one stage penetrates the other and vice versa. The difference between dreaming and non-dreaming disappears because dreaming is a structural process. Also, from a psychoanalytical perspective, all confirmations and negations about dreams and non-dreams leads to one point: the being, or rather the becoming, of the subject. How does this solve the problem of the True Person/True Human Being (zhenren真人)? Does such a person have dreams or not? Does the True Person sleep without dreams, as we find in the Zhuangzi? From a psychoanalytic perspective, this is not possible. To prove this, I will present few passages from the Zhuangzi and offer a psychoanalytic explanation of them based on Jacques Lacan’s theory of the fantasy and desire.

The Effect of Waking Suggestion on Post-Hypnotic Amnesia

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.P. Fourie
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hypnotic Susceptibility ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Female Subjects

It is increasingly realized that hypnosis may be seen from an interpersonal point of view, meaning that it forms part of the relationship between the hypnotist and the subject. From this premise it follows that what goes on in the relationship prior to hypnosis probably has an influence on the hypnosis. Certain of these prior occurences can then be seen as waking suggestionns (however implicitly given) that the subject should behave in a certain way with regard to the subsequent hypnosis. A study was conducted to test the hypothesis that waking suggestions regarding post-hypnotic amnesia are effective. Eighteen female subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The groups listened to a tape-recorded talk on hypnosis in which for the one group amnesia for the subsequent hypnotic experience and for the other group no such amnesia was suggested. Thereafter the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale was administered to all subjects. Only the interrogation part of the amnesia item of the scale was administered. The subjects to whom post-hypnotic amnesia was suggested tended to score lower on the amnesia item than the other subjects, as was expected, but the difference between the mean amnesia scores of the two groups was not significant.

scholarly journals Confluencias entre la tesis posmoderna de “la muerte del sujeto” y el pensamiento de Luce Irigaray = Convergences between Postmodern Thesis on 'The Death of the Subject' and the Thought of Luce Irigaray

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Alba Ara Anel
Keyword(s):  
Symbolic Order ◽  
Luce Irigaray ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Postmodern Thought ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
A Current

Resumen. El pensamiento posmoderno es uno de los movimientos filosóficos con más repercusión en la época actual. El feminismo de la diferencia, corriente que surge en los años 60 y 70, confluye en muchos de sus puntos con los generalmente atribuidos a la posmoder­nidad. En el presente artículo se ponen en diálogo ambas corrientes a partir de la revisión de algunos de los planteamientos de la teórica feminista Luce Irigaray que remiten a la posterior­mente teorizada “muerte del sujeto”, uno de los ejes del pensamiento posmoderno. Esta tesis se traduce en Irigaray como la crítica a la construcción del “Hombre” como sujeto universal y central en el orden patriarcal, que define a las mujeres como su opuesto, y por lo tanto, privadas de subjetividad propia. Irigaray desafía la existencia de este sujeto universal con el llamamiento a descubrir la propia subjetividad de las mujeres como punto de partida desde el que fundar un orden simbólico alternativo. No obstante, también pueden identificarse algunas contradicciones entre ambas teorías.Palabras clave: posmodernidad, feminismo, diferencia, subjetividad, falocentrismo, len­guaje.Abstract. The Postmodern thought stands as one of the philosophical movements that have achieved a greater repercussion in present times. The Difference Feminism, a current arising in the 60s and 70s, converges in many of its premises with those generally attributed to Postmodernity. In this article both trends are put in dialogue, starting from the revision of some of feminist theorist Luce Irigaray’s approaches that refer to the later theorized ‘Death of the Subject’ - one of the axes of Postmodern thought. This thesis translates into Irigaray as critic of the construction of the ‘Man’ as an universal and central subject in patriarchal order, which defines women as men’s opposite and subsequently renders them deprived of their own subjectivity. Irigaray challenges the existence of this universal subject through her call to discover women’s own subjectivity as a starting point from which an alternative symbolic order can be established. However, it is also possible to identify some contradictions between both theories.Keywords: posmodernism, feminism, difference, subjectivity, phallocentrism, language.

scholarly journals A Search for the Hidden King: Messianism, Prophecies and Royal Epiphanies of the Kings of Aragon (circa 1250–1520)

Arts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Serra Desfilis
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
Art History ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Crown Of Aragon ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Point Of Departure

Modern historiography has studied the influence of messianic and millennialist ideas in the Crown of Aragon extensively and, more particularly, how they were linked to the Aragonese monarchy. To date, research in the field of art history has mainly considered royal iconography from a different point of view: through coronation, historical or dynastic images. This article will explore the connections, if any, between millennialist prophetic visions and royal iconography in the Crown of Aragon using both texts and the figurative arts, bearing in mind that sermons, books and images shared a common space in late medieval audiovisual culture, where royal epiphanies took place. The point of departure will be the hypothesis that some royal images and apparently conventional religious images are compatible with readings based on sources of prophetic and apocalyptic thought, which help us to understand the intentions and values behind unique figurative and performative epiphanies of the dynasty that ruled the Crown of Aragon between 1250 and 1516. With this purpose in mind, images will be analysed in their specific context, which is often possible to reconstruct thanks to the abundance and diversity of the written sources available on the subject, with a view to identifying their promoters’ intentions, the function they fulfilled and the reception of these images in the visual culture of this time and place.

Сolor and Space in the Traditional Сulture of the Оirats of Мongolia and the Kalmyks of Russia

Secreta Artis ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Svetlana G. Batyreva ◽  
Damdin Gantulga
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Border Culture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Nomadic Life ◽  
Heaven And Earth ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Vast Area

The traditional culture of homo mobilis has been the subject matter of research both in Russia and abroad. It is the nomadic way of life, largely of the past, that has come into the focus of scholars. This applies, in particular, to Kalmyks, the heirs of the Oirats, who came in the 17th century from Western Mongolia to the steppes of the Northern Caspian region. Nomadic herders explored and developed a vast area resorting to the traditional form of farming. Thousands of years in the constant movement of nomadic life and close linkages with the natural environment affected not only their way of living, but also their cosmovisions, i. e. perceptions of the world. From the point of view of nomads, the “middle world” (the world of people) exists in close contact with heaven and earth. Heaven is the founding father, the creator of all things, the source of everything that happens on earth. This image of the world is associated with a dialectical idea of the mutually exclusive and complementary phenomena of arga and bilig. The philosophical teaching of the Mongols, arga-bilig, extends to the traditional symbolism of color, which expresses ideas about interrelation between the Universe and a Man. The artistic embodiment of religious and philosophical ideas, developed in detail within the worldview of the Oirats of Mongolia, has been further elaborated in the cross-border culture of the Kalmyks of Russia. They preserved and transformed the traditional symbolism of color and space. Comparative analysis of artistic traditions accompanied by the usage of methodologies of history, ethnocultural studies, art history and philosophy enables one to identify the common and different between the cultures of the Oirats of Mongolia and the Kalmyks of Russia.

Tack in Rubber

1964 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1178-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. K. F. Bussemaker
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The expressions tack, tackiness, and stickiness have been in use since the beginning of the rubber industry. During the years their meaning has changed considerably. The first occasion where tackiness was mentioned was in the case of crude natural rubber. The surface of the rubber became tacky or sticky during storage. This phenomenon has been thoroughly discussed in the literature. As a general conclusion it was accepted that both oxidation and depolymerisation occurred. Three factors were reported to be the cause of these processes: light, traces of copper, and manganese. From our point of view we would call this effect stickiness, as we are only interested in the building tack of rubber. In the period when the only rubber was natural rubber and high loadings of highly active fillers were not generally used in compounds, building tack was no problem. Building tack was first mentioned in a publication by Griffith and Jones in 1928. They started their experiments by measuring tack in their search for methods to prevent cotton liners from sticking to unvulcanized rubber. One would have expected much work on the measurement and improvement of tack in Germany and Russia during the development of synthetic rubbers. However, this only proved to be the case in Russia. The first publication available was the translation of an article by Voyutskii and Margolina in 1957. From Voyutskii's work we were able to trace the first article in 1935 by Zhukov and Talmud, who studied the adhesive power of synthetic rubber. In the USA the first theoretical approach to the subject was by Josefowitz and Mark in 1942, who at that time did not realize the difference between stickiness and tack. This difference became clear when lack of tack became the big problem in the use of synthetic rubber. In many cases it was found that addition of resins and softeners gave a very sticky compound which had no building tack at all. The tack problem was first discussed at the ASTM symposium on the application of synthetic rubbers in 1944 by Juve who gave a definition of building tack. From that time, the problem has been studied regularly, especially from the practical side, to find ways and means to improve the building tack of synthetic rubbers.

XXIII.—The Feeding Mechanism, Formation of the Tube, and Physiology of Digestion in Sabella pavonina

1931 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. T. Nicol
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Mya Arenaria ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Similar Material ◽  
Feeding Mechanism ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Detailed Work

Recent work has directed much attention to the subject of feeding mechanisms and digestive enzymes in the Invertebrates.The groups worked on previously have been chiefly the Mollusca and the Crustacea, and it was felt that a study of the Polychætes in this connection would be of considerable interest in itself, as well as for comparative purposes. An examination of the literature showed that the amount of detailed work on the Polychætes from the physiological point of view was extremely small, and, in the case of the digestive processes, out of date. A study of the feeding mechanisms and physiology of digestion in Polychaetes has therefore been begun, choosing a filter-feeding form as a starting point, so that a direct comparison can be made with such Molluscs as Mya arenaria and Ostrea edulis, which feed on similar material.

Effects of pesticides on wildlife

1967 ◽  
Vol 167 (1007) ◽  
pp. 128-133 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Population Ecology ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Toxicological Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Total Environment

Most of the research on the effects of pesticides on wildlife has been done in order to reduce harmful side effects, that is by scientists interested in conservation. Since the approach of conservation ecologists is conditioned by the aims of their work these should be mentioned, for, unlike the aims of agriculture and preventive medicine, they cannot be taken for granted. This is unfortunate because conservation is, I believe, an important and probably an essential activity of modern man. Essentially the aim of conservation is to hand on biological diversity to future generations. The reasons for this are : 1. We never know when a particular species may not become of particular value to man in the future; once a species becomes extinct it is lost for ever. 2. Biological diversity produces stability; and in a general sense a stable total environment is better for mankind than an unstable one. The important corollary from the point of view of today’s discussion is that conservationists are primarily concerned with the survival of species. In this their approach is radically different from that of medical and veterinary experts who are primarily concerned with the survival of individuals. One of the main practical results of the difference is this—for medical purposes, toxicological data provide a reasonable basis for predicting the hazards of pesticides; but for the conservationist they are inadequate unless supplemented by data obtained in the field. The concern of the conservationist with populations conditions his whole approach to the problem of pesticides; but I believe it forces him into looking at it fundamentally, for the essential pesticide problems are ones of population ecology. In this paper I shall describe the nature of the subject in ecological terms before briefly summarizing research which is being done to elucidate some of the wildlife problems.

scholarly journals Religious Freedom in the Time of the Pandemic

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Piotr Mazurkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Religious Perspectives ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Restrictive Policy

The subject of the paper is the issue of restrictions on religious freedom during the COVID-19 pandemic imposed by European countries. The period under examination covers the interval from March to December 2020. The issue is analyzed from the point of view of respecting human rights in a situation of conflict between the values of public health and religious freedom. In this context, the perception of importance and urgency regarding the values that should be protected and the concept of “essential goods”, which are understood differently in secular and religious perspectives, are of particular importance. Another essential issue is not only the scope but also the “depth” of state intervention in the life of religious communities. In Europe, there was a wide variety of national approaches to restricting religious freedom in order to ensure public health. Some of them pursued a very restrictive policy in this area, others moderate, and others very soft. One also could observe the difference in decisions made by most countries during the first and the second waves of the pandemic. A significant element enabling a possible evaluation of the applied solutions is the matter of their duration. Are the introduced limitations only temporary, implemented due to the extraordinary situation, or should they be view as a part of a “radical political experiment”, as a result of which the very understanding of religious freedom and its place in the hierarchy of human rights will change. The arguments of a philosophical, theological, legal and sociological nature are analyzed issuing methods appropriate to each of these disciplines.

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