scholarly journals Epidemiological evaluation of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows in Greece

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1865
Author(s):  
K. THEMISTOKLEOUS ◽  
I. KARAGIANNIS ◽  
C. BOSCOS ◽  
N. PANOUSIS ◽  
E. KIOSSIS
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
Bulk Tank

Subclinical mastitis, diagnosed by elevated somatic cell count (SCC) in milk, is an important monitoring parameter of dairy cows’ udder health, related to their productivity and welfare. The present retrospective study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of subclinical mastitis (SCM) among the 37 herds of the Holstein Association of Greece participating in the milk quality recording system “ΙΩ”, from the start of 2015 until the end of 2018. The herds’ inclusion criterion was the consistency of monthly SCC recording throughout at least one full year between 2015 and 2018, with a maximum interval of 61 days between two consecutive monthly SCC recordings. Twenty-six herds (8630 cows) in 2015, thirty herds (10763 cows) in 2016, thirty herds (10945 cows) in 2017 and twenty-six herds (9597 cows) in 2018 were included. The prevalence of SCM and chronic SCM, the incidence rate of new cases of SCM, as well as the average somatic cell score and bulk tank milk SCC were determined for each of the four years. The results indicate a progressive deterioration of udder health from the onset of the cow’s productive life until culling. A year-over-year increase in the number of cows with subclinical mastitis led to an overall SCM prevalence of 34.5%, chronic SCM prevalence of 26.9% and a bulk tank milk SCC of 463000 cells/mL, in 2018. The average somatic cell score, a base 2logarithm of individual cow’s SCC, was found persistently above the subclinical mastitis indicative cut-off in all four years, with a peak in 2018. At herd level, the incidence rate of new SCM cases was 12 new cases / 100 cows / month; the highest incidence rate was observed in the early lactation stage group (1-60 days-in-milk), in all four years, reaching a peak of 31 new cases / 100 cows / month, in 2018. In 2018, prevalence of heifers’ SCM and chronic SCM was23.4% and 16.9%, respectively. Despite the adequate average 305-days milk yield (9608 kg in 2018), the results were indicative of poor udder health status, pointed out by reduced duration of cows’ productive life (less than 3 lactations)and lower milk quality (elevated SCC). The severity and wide spreading of subclinical mastitis in Greek dairy herds highlights the necessity of a national mastitis control program, aiming to improve the productive efficacy, management decisions accuracy and quality of produced milk.

Evaluation of the udder health status in subclinical mastitis affected dairy cows through bacteriological culture, somatic cell count and thermographic imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bortolami ◽  
E. Fiore ◽  
M. Gianesella ◽  
M. Corrò ◽  
S. Catania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Bacteriological Culture ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Thermographic Imaging

Abstract Subclinical mastitis in dairy cows is a big economic loss for farmers. The monitoring of subclinical mastitis is usually performed through Somatic Cell Count (SCC) in farm but there is the need of new diagnostic systems able to quickly identify cows affected by subclinical infections of the udder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential application of thermographic imaging compared to SCC and bacteriological culture for infection detection in cow affected by subclinical mastitis and possibly to discriminate between different pathogens. In this study we evaluated the udder health status of 98 Holstein Friesian dairy cows with high SCC in 4 farms. From each cow a sample of milk was collected from all the functional quarters and submitted to bacteriological culture, SCC and Mycoplasma spp. culture. A thermographic image was taken from each functional udder quarter and nipple. Pearson’s correlations and Analysis of Variance were performed in order to evaluate the different diagnostic techniques. The most frequent pathogen isolated was Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS), Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and others. The Somatic Cell Score (SCS) was able to discriminate (p<0.05) cows positive for a pathogen from cows negative at the bacteriological culture except for cows with infection caused by CNS. Infrared thermography was correlated to SCS (p<0.05) but was not able to discriminate between positive and negative cows. Thermographic imaging seems to be promising in evaluating the inflammation status of cows affected by subclinical mastitis but seems to have a poor diagnostic value.

scholarly journals Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy cows in the Moghan region of Ardabil State, Iran : short communication

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Ghazaei
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Mycoplasma Bovis ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The World ◽  
Bulk Tank

Mycoplasmas are an important and economically significant cause of mastitis in dairy cows in various parts of the world. The organisms are highly contagious, with the main reservoir of infection originating from cows with subclinical mastitis. In 1998 the 1st cases of bovine mastitis due to Mycoplasma bovis were diagnosed in Ardabil State, Iran. An investigation was carried out with the aim of establishing the extent of mycoplasma infections in dairy cows in Ardabil State. Milk samples obtained from 80 cows with clinical mastitis were cultured in the laboratory for the presence of mycoplasmas. Similarly, 48 bulk-tank milk samples were examined for the presence of mycoplasmas. A modified Hayflick broth was used to isolate the mycoplasmas and an immunoperoxidase test used for the species identification of the isolates. Mycoplasma bovis was isolated from 39 (48.75 %) of the clinical mastitis samples and from 48 of the bulk-tank milk samples tested. This indicated that mycoplasma udder infections were more prevalent in dairy cows in Ardabil State than previously thought.

Relationship between somatic cell count, polymorphonuclear leucocyte count and quality parameters in bovine bulk tank milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Wickström ◽  
Karin Persson-Waller ◽  
Helena Lindmark-Månsson ◽  
Karin Östensson ◽  
Åse Sternesjö
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Leucocyte Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocyte ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank

The somatic cell count (SCC) in bovine bulk tank milk is presently used as an indicator of raw milk quality, reflecting the udder health status of the herd. During mastitis, SCC increases, mostly owing to an influx of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) from blood into milk, with a concomitant change in milk composition. Bulk tank milk samples were categorized according to their SCC, as well as polymorphonuclear leucocyte count (PMNC), to study relationships between SCC, PMNC and various raw milk quality traits, i.e. contents of total protein, whey protein, casein, fat and lactose, casein number, proteolysis and rheological properties. The proportion of PMN, obtained by direct microscopy, was significantly higher in samples with high SCC compared with low SCC samples. SCC and PMNC were strongly correlated, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0·85. High SCC samples had lower lactose and casein contents, lower casein number and more proteolysis than low SCC samples. Samples with high PMNC had a lower casein number than low PMNC samples. Samples with high and low SCC or PMNC did not differ in respect to rheological properties. Our results do not indicate that PMNC is a better biomarker than SCC for raw bulk tank milk quality, as previously proposed.

scholarly journals SOMATIC CELL SCORE IN BULK TANK MILK IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Newton Pohl Ribas ◽  
Paulo Rossi Junior ◽  
Humberto Gonzalo Monardes ◽  
José Augusto Horst ◽  
Daiane Regonato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
The State ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
Bulk Tank

Programas de gerenciamento de rebanhos leiteiros têm utilizado o escore de células somáticas (ECS) para registrar os valores médios da contagem de células somáticas (CCS). Trata-se da conversão da CCS em dez categorias, sendo utilizado desde 1983, auxiliando a avaliação da qualidade do leite, permitindo mensurar a prevalência da mastite no rebanho. A presente pesquisa avaliou o comportamento do ECS em amostras de leite de tanques provenientes de indústrias de laticínios do Estado do Paraná, analisadas pelo Laboratório de Análise da Qualidade do Leite (LQL) do Programa de Análise de Rebanhos Leiteiros do Paraná (PARLPR) da Associação Paranaense de Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Holandesa (APCBRH), fruto do convênio entre UFPR, McGill University e APCBRH. Foram analisadas 1.950.034 amostras de leite de tanques, obtidas no período de janeiro de 2005 a abril de 2012, em dez regiões do Estado. Os efeitos de meio, entre eles, mês e ano de análise, região e idade da amostra foram estudados. Estimaram-se os componentes de variância para a característica e analisou-se a distribuição das amostras nas classes de ECS. A média estimada e desvio-padrão do ECS foi de 4,83 ± 1,52. Todos os efeitos incluídos no modelo foram significativos (P<0,01). Ocorreram variações do ECS entre os meses de análise, destacando-se maior média para o mês de fevereiro (4,87). Da mesma forma, o ano de análise apresentou variações significativas, em que a maior média ocorreu no ano de 2010 (4,85 ± 0,0031). Ocorreram significativas variações também entre regiões, em que a maior média e seu erro-padrão foi de 5,28 ± 0,0023 (Centro Sul – Guarapuava). O efeito de idade da amostra apresentou redução de 4,75 para 4,66 do primeiro ao quinto dia. Das amostras analisadas, 65,95% apresentaram escore cinco ou mais.

scholarly journals Süt Sığırlarında Somatik Hücre Sayısı, Önemi ve Etki Eden Faktörler

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
İbrahim Aytekin ◽  
Saim Boztepe
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Quality Of Milk

The somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly used as a measure of udder health and milk quality. Thus, to determine the milk quality standards in many countries, it legally determined as an indicator of somatic cell count raw milk and determines the level of payments to milk producers. The present study investigated that the somatic cell count is an indicator of udder health status, diagnosis of subclinical mastitis, health and quality of milk and milk products, its importance and effect factors on it.

scholarly journals Description of the Characteristics of Five Bedding Materials and Association With Bulk Tank Milk Quality on Five New York Dairy Herds

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria M. Alanis ◽  
Michael Zurakowski ◽  
Deb Pawloski ◽  
Tiago Tomazi ◽  
Daryl V. Nydam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Environmental mastitis represents a major challenge on dairy farms where contagious pathogens are controlled by improved milking procedures. Therefore, research focused on the environment is important to improve udder health programs. The objectives of this prospective and descriptive study were to (1) describe bedding bacterial counts, pH, and dry matter (DM) of five different bedding types (organic: manure solids, straw, paper fiber; inorganic: sand, recycled sand) and (2) explore the association between bedding bacterial counts with bulk tank milk quality. This study took place within five conveniently selected commercial dairy herds, each with a predominant bedding material in lactating pens. Bedding samples (used n = 237; fresh n = 53) were collected monthly from July 2018 to July 2019 following a standard operating procedure (SOP) to minimize sampling variability. Additionally, a bulk tank (BT) milk sample (n = 40) was collected on the same day unless milk had been picked up prior to arrival. Both BT and bedding samples were submitted to the laboratory for culture and bacterial identification and quantification of Streptococcus spp, coliforms, and non-coliforms as well as detection of several pathogens of mastitis importance. Somatic cell count was evaluated in BT samples. Within bedding type, the correlation between bedding characteristics and bacterial counts in bedding was evaluated using Pearson correlation. Within bedding type, the correlation between bacterial counts in bedding samples and bacterial counts in BT were determined. The Kruskal–Wallis test was used to evaluate the bacterial count by bedding type and to evaluate BT somatic cell count differences based on bedding type. In fresh bedding, bacterial counts were generally higher for manure solids for all bacterial groups compared with other materials. In used samples, organic materials had the highest levels of all bacterial groups. The proportion of samples with detectable organisms of mastitis importance varied within and among herds in both bedding and BT samples throughout the study period. In bedding samples, a higher DM content had the lowest levels of bacterial growth compared with those with lower DM content. Most bedding samples were on the alkaline side within a pH range of 8–11. No relationship between bacterial counts and pH was observed. No associations between BT bacteria counts and bedding bacterial counts were observed. No association between bulk tank somatic cell counts based on bedding type were observed. Despite using an SOP for bedding sampling in an effort to consistently collect samples, we still observed a large amount of variability both within and among bedding samples. This variability may have obscured any potential association between BT milk quality and bedding type.

scholarly journals Extensive Countrywide Field Investigation of Somatic Cell Counts and Total Bacterial Counts in Bulk-Tank Raw Milk in Sheep Flocks in Greece

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Daphne T. Lianou ◽  
Charalambia K. Michael ◽  
Natalia G. C. Vasileiou ◽  
Efthymia Petinaki ◽  
Peter J. Cripps ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Mechanical Ventilators ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Bulk Tank

Objectives were to investigate somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in the raw bulk-tank milk of sheep flocks in Greece, to study factors potentially influencing increased SCC and TBC in the bulk-tank milk of sheep and to evaluate possible associations of SCC and TBC with milk content. Throughout Greece, 325 dairy sheep flocks were visited for collection of milk sampling for somatic cell counting, microbiological examination and composition measurement. Geometric mean SCC were 0.488 × 106 cells mL−1; geometric mean TBC were 398 × 103 cfu mL−1; 228 staphylococcal isolates were recovered form 206 flocks (63.4%). Multivariable analyses revealed annual incidence risk of clinical mastitis, age of the farmer and month into lactation period (among 53 variables) to be significant for SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL−1 and month into lactation period at sampling and availability of mechanical ventilators (among 58 variables) to be significant for TBC > 1500 × 103 cfu mL−1. Negative correlation of SCC with fat, total protein and lactose and positive correlation of SCC with added water were found. With SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL−1, significant reduction of protein content (2%) was observed, whilst in flocks with SCC > 1.5 × 106 cells mL−1, significantly lower annual milk production per ewe (42.9%) was recorded.

scholarly journals Feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product improves udder health and immune response to a Streptococcus uberis mastitis challenge in mid-lactation dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vailati-Riboni ◽  
D. N. Coleman ◽  
V. Lopreiato ◽  
A. Alharthi ◽  
R. E. Bucktrout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Somatic Cell Score ◽  
Molecular Networks ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Udder Health ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis ◽  
Fermentation Product

Abstract Background We aimed to characterize the protective effects and the molecular mechanisms of action of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (NTK) in response to a mastitis challenge. Eighteen mid-lactation multiparous Holstein cows (n = 9/group) were fed the control diet (CON) or CON supplemented with 19 g/d NTK for 45 d (phase 1, P1) and then infected in the right rear quarter with 2500 CFU of Streptococcus uberis (phase 2, P2). After 36-h, mammary gland and liver biopsies were collected and antibiotic treatment started until the end of P2 (9 d post challenge). Cows were then followed until day 75 (phase 3, P3). Milk yield (MY) and dry matter intake (DMI) were recorded daily. Milk samples for somatic cell score were collected, and rectal and udder temperature, heart and respiration rate were recorded during the challenge period (P2) together with blood samples for metabolite and immune function analyses. Data were analyzed by phase using the PROC MIXED procedure in SAS. Biopsies were used for transcriptomic analysis via RNA-sequencing, followed by pathway analysis. Results DMI and MY were not affected by diet in P1, but an interaction with time was recorded in P2 indicating a better recovery from the challenge in NTK compared with CON. NTK reduced rectal temperature, somatic cell score, and temperature of the infected quarter during the challenge. Transcriptome data supported these findings, as NTK supplementation upregulated mammary genes related to immune cell antibacterial function (e.g., CATHL4, NOS2), epithelial tissue protection (e.g. IL17C), and anti-inflammatory activity (e.g., ATF3, BAG3, IER3, G-CSF, GRO1, ZFAND2A). Pathway analysis indicated upregulation of tumor necrosis factor α, heat shock protein response, and p21 related pathways in the response to mastitis in NTK cows. Other pathways for detoxification and cytoprotection functions along with the tight junction pathway were also upregulated in NTK-fed cows. Conclusions Overall, results highlighted molecular networks involved in the protective effect of NTK prophylactic supplementation on udder health during a subclinical mastitic event.

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