Μίμηση και αυτισμός: μια σύγχρονη θεωρητική προσέγγιση

In recent years, there has been some progress and increasing scientific interest in issues regarding autism. Several theories have been developed to explain the basic symptoms and back supportive intervention techniques. In the present article, we will attempt to define the terms imitation and autism and summarize the basic theories related to them. Moreover, we will focus on, summarize and discuss the difficulties children with autism have in with imitation and present findings of the most recent research which explore the development of imitation skills in children with autism. This article identifies and highlights the absence of consensus regarding issues of imitation in autism and the lack of longitudinal naturalistic studies which could give us a more accurate picture about the development of imitation skills in children with autism. We conclude that there is an obvious need for further research that will deepen our knowledge upon this matter.

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Immediate imitation and joint attention in young children with autism

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579498001680 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 441-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

HERBERT ROEYERS ◽

PAULETTE VAN OOST ◽

SYBIL BOTHUYNE

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Developmental Delay ◽

Joint Attention ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Chronological Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Scientific Interest ◽

Mental Age ◽

Young Children With Autism

There is growing scientific interest in the precursors to the ability of conceiving other people's minds. The present study investigates two candidate precursors, imitation and joint attention, in young children with autism and a control group of nonautistic children with a developmental delay. Children with autism were found to be impaired or delayed in both abilities. Gestural and procedural imitation were significantly related to mental age and chronological age in subjects with autism. Although the evidence for an autism-specific deficit appears to be stronger in the domain of joint-attention behaviors than it is in the domain of imitation, it seems premature to reject imitation as a possible precursor to the development of mindreading skills. Systematic investigations of the imitation deficit in autism are urgently needed.

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Соціально-психологічні студії в доробку С. Балея

Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.5617 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 114-126

Author(s):

Yaroslav Mojsijenko

Keyword(s):

Social Psychology ◽

Present Article ◽

Psychological Research ◽

National Character ◽

Scientific Thinking ◽

Scientific Interest ◽

Group Psychology ◽

Characteristic Features

The present article deals with historic-psychological research on socialpsychological heritage of two representatives of Ukrainian Diaspora – Stefan- Maksym Balej. Topics of scientific interest of S. Balej and O. Kulchytzkyj were defined. Problems of group psychology, psychology of crowd, propaganda and ideology, status and subject of social psychology, characteristic features of Ukrainian national character and group unconcsious has been analyzed and specified. Cheracteristic features of S. Balej scientific thinking of were shown.

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Underground and Over the Sea: More Community Prophylactics in Europe, 1100-1600

Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences ◽

10.1093/jhmas/jrab001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

G Geltner ◽

Claire Weeda

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Present Article ◽

Comparative Studies ◽

Maritime Trade ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

European Cities ◽

Accurate Picture ◽

Industrial Modernity ◽

Preventative Interventions ◽

Do So

Abstract Public health historians have repeatedly shown that the theory, policy, and practice of group prophylactics far predate their alleged birth in industrial modernity, and regularly draw on Galenic principles. While the revision overall has been successful, its main focus on European cities entails a major risk, since city dwellers were a minority even in Europe’s most urbanised regions. At the same time, cities continue to be perceived and presented as typically European, which stymies transregional and comparative studies based at least in part on non- or extra-urban groups. Thus, any plan to both offer an accurate picture of public health’s deeper past and fundamentally challenge a narrative of civilizational progress wedded to Euro-American modernity (“stagism”) would benefit from looking beyond cities and their unique health challenges. The present article begins to do so by focusing on two ubiquitous groups, often operating outside cities and facing specific risks: miners and shipmates. Evidence for these communities’ preventative interventions and the extent to which they drew on humoral theory is rich yet uneven for Europe between the thirteenth and sixteenth centuries. Methodological questions raised by this unevenness can be addressed by connecting different scales of evidence, as this article demonstrates. Furthermore, neither mining nor maritime trade was typically European, thus building a broader base for transregional studies and comparisons.

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Dislocation structures around SiO2 Particles in aged Cu-Cr-SiO2

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100110118 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 594-595

Author(s):

N.J. Long ◽

M.H. Loretto ◽

C.H. Lloyd

Keyword(s):

Flow Stress ◽

Single Crystals ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Thin Foil ◽

Age Hardening ◽

Dispersion Strengthening ◽

Accurate Picture ◽

The Matrix ◽

Very High ◽

Good Agreement

IntroductionThere have been several t.e.m. studies (1,2,3,4) of the dislocation arrangements in the matrix and around the particles in dispersion strengthened single crystals deformed in single slip. Good agreement has been obtained in general between the observed structures and the various theories for the flow stress and work hardening of this class of alloy. There has been though some difficulty in obtaining an accurate picture of these arrangements in the case when the obstacles are large (of the order of several 1000's Å). This is due to both the physical loss of dislocations from the thin foil in its preparation and to rearrangement of the structure on unloading and standing at room temperature under the influence of the very high localised stresses in the vicinity of the particles (2,3).This contribution presents part of a study of the Cu-Cr-SiO2 system where age hardening from the Cu-Cr and dispersion strengthening from Cu-Sio2 is combined.

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Instruction Using Augmentative and Alternative Communication Supports: Description of Current Practices by Speech-Language Pathologists Who Work With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology ◽

10.1044/2019_ajslp-19-00045 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 586-596 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kaitlyn A. Clarke ◽

Diane L. Williams

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽

Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Diagnostic Category ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Spectrum Disorder ◽

Alternative Communication ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Processing Differences

Purpose The aim of this research study was to examine common practices of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who work with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with respect to whether or not SLPs consider processing differences in ASD or the effects of input during their instruction. Method Following a qualitative research method, how SLPs instruct and present augmentative and alternative communication systems to individuals with ASD, their rationale for method selection, and their perception of the efficacy of selected interventions were probed. Semistructured interviews were conducted as part of an in-depth case report with content analysis. Results Based on completed interviews, 4 primary themes were identified: (a) instructional method , (b) input provided , (c) decision-making process , and (d) perceived efficacy of treatment . Additionally, one secondary theme, training and education received , was identified . Conclusions Clinicians reported making decisions based on the needs of the child; however, they also reported making decisions based on the diagnostic category that characterized the child (i.e., ASD). The use of modeling when teaching augmentative and alternative communication to individuals with ASD emerged as a theme, but variations in the method of modeling were noted. SLPs did not report regularly considering processing differences in ASD, nor did they consider the effects of input during instruction.

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Disfluency Characteristics Observed in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Report

Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders ◽

10.1044/ffd20.2.42 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 42-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Laura W. Plexico ◽

Julie E. Cleary ◽

Ashlynn McAlpine ◽

Allison M. Plumb

Keyword(s):

Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽

Young Children ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Young Children With Autism ◽

Spectrum Disorders ◽

Developmental Stuttering

This descriptive study evaluates the speech disfluencies of 8 verbal children between 3 and 5 years of age with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Speech samples were collected for each child during standardized interactions. Percentage and types of disfluencies observed during speech samples are discussed. Although they did not have a clinical diagnosis of stuttering, all of the young children with ASD in this study produced disfluencies. In addition to stuttering-like disfluencies and other typical disfluencies, the children with ASD also produced atypical disfluencies, which usually are not observed in children with typically developing speech or developmental stuttering. (Yairi & Ambrose, 2005).

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