Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro

Background: Cajuputs candy (CC), an Indonesian functional food, utilizes the bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) to maintain oral cavity health. Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Our recent study revealed several alternative MCEOs as the main flavors in CC. The capacity of CC to interfere with the fungus-bacterium relationship remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate CC efficacy to impair biofilm formation by these dual cariogenic microbes. Methods: The inhibition capacity of CC against mixed-biofilm comprising C. albicans and S. mutans was assessed by quantitative (crystal violet assay, tetrazolium salt [MTT] assay, colony forming unit/mL counting, biofilm-related gene expression) and qualitative analysis (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Result: Both biofilm-biomass and viable cells were significantly reduced in the presence of CC. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed this inhibition capacity, demonstrating morphology alteration of C. albicans, along with reduced microcolonies of S. mutans in the biofilm mass. This finding was related to the transcription level of selected biofilm-associated genes, expressed either by C. albicans or S. mutans. Based on qPCR results, CC could interfere with the transition of C. albicans yeast form to the hyphal form, while it suppressed insoluble glucan production by S. mutans. G2 derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest inhibition activity on the relationship between these cross-kingdom oral microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, all CC formulas showed biofilm inhibition capacity. Candy derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest capacity to maintain the yeast form of C. albicans and to inhibit extracellular polysaccharide production by S. mutans. Therefore, the development of dual-species biofilms can be impaired effectively by the CC tested.

Download Full-text

Cajuputs candy impairs Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans mixed biofilm formation in vitro

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.20700.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1923 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Siska Septiana ◽

Boy Muchlis Bachtiar ◽

Nancy Dewi Yuliana ◽

Christofora Hanny Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Tetrazolium Salt ◽

Microscopy Imaging ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Melaleuca Cajuputi ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: Cajuputs candy (CC), an Indonesian functional food, utilizes the bioactivity of Melaleuca cajuputi essential oil (MCEO) to maintain oral cavity health. Synergistic interaction between Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans is a crucial step in the pathogenesis of early childhood caries. Our recent study revealed several alternative MCEOs as the main flavors in CC. The capacity of CC to interfere with the fungus-bacterium relationship remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate CC efficacy to impair biofilm formation by these dual cariogenic microbes. Methods: The inhibition capacity of CC against mixed-biofilm comprising C. albicans and S. mutans was assessed by quantitative (crystal violet assay, tetrazolium salt [MTT] assay, colony forming unit/mL counting, biofilm-related gene expression) and qualitative analysis (light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy). Result: Both biofilm-biomass and viable cells were significantly reduced in the presence of CC. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed this inhibition capacity, demonstrating morphology alteration of C. albicans, along with reduced microcolonies of S. mutans in the biofilm mass. This finding was related to the transcription level of selected biofilm-associated genes, expressed either by C. albicans or S. mutans. Based on qPCR results, CC could interfere with the transition of C. albicans yeast form to the hyphal form, while it suppressed insoluble glucan production by S. mutans. G2 derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest inhibition activity on the relationship between these cross-kingdom oral microorganisms (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, all CC formulas showed biofilm inhibition capacity. Candy derived from Mojokerto MCEO showed the greatest capacity to maintain the commensal form of C. albicans and to inhibit extracellular polysaccharide production by S. mutans. Therefore, the development of dual-species biofilms can be impaired effectively by the CC tested.

Download Full-text

Intraocular lens biofilm formation supported by scanning electron microscopy imaging

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.4103/ijo.ijo_467_19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

pp. 1708

Author(s):

Dipankar Das ◽

Harsha Bhattacharjee ◽

Krishna Gogoi ◽

JayantaK Das ◽

Puneet Misra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Intraocular Lens ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Microscopy Imaging ◽

Scanning Electron

Download Full-text

Suppressive Effects of Hainosan (Painongsan) against Biofilm Production by Streptococcus mutans

Dentistry Journal ◽

10.3390/dj8030071 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Masaaki Minami ◽

Hiroshi Takase ◽

Masayo Taira ◽

Toshiaki Makino

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Confocal Laser Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽

Laser Microscopy ◽

Dental Plaques ◽

Scanning Electron

Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium that causes dental plaques, forms a biofilm on tooth surfaces. This biofilm can cause gingivitis by stimulating the gingival margin. However, there is no established treatment for biofilm removal. Hainosan (Painongsan), a traditional Japanese Kampo formula, has been used to treat gingivitis. Therefore, we investigated the biofilm suppressive effects of the hainosan extract (HNS) and its components on S. mutans. We conducted scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser microscopy analyses to clarify the anti-biofilm activities of HNS and its crude drugs. We also performed a quantitative RT-PCR assay to assess the biofilm-related gene expression. HNS showed a significant dose-dependent suppressive effect on biofilm formation. Both the scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser microscopy analyses also revealed the significant inhibitory effects of the extract on biofilm formation. Transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that HNS disrupted the surface of the bacterial wall. Furthermore, HNS reduced the hydrophobicity of the bacteria, and suppressed the mRNA expression of β-glucosyltransferase (gtfB), glucosyltransferase-SI (gtfC), and fructosyltransferase (ftf). Among the constituents of hainosan, the extract of the root of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) showed the strongest biofilm suppression effect. Platycodin D, one of the constituent natural compounds of PG, inhibited S. mutans-associated biofilm. These findings indicate that hainosan eliminates dental plaques by suppressing biofilm formation by S. mutans.

Download Full-text

APPLICATION OF SCANNING ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPY FOR THE PURPOSE OF STUDYING CANDIDA ALBICANS BIOFILM ON THE SURFACE OF BASIC PLASTICS OF REMOVABLE ORTHOPEDIC DESIGNS

Russian Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics ◽

10.18821/0869-2084-2019-64-5-308-313 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 308-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. G. Chesnokova ◽

V. A. Chesnokov ◽

A. Yu. Mironov

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Scanning Electronic Microscopy ◽

Electronic Microscopy ◽

Orthopedic Rehabilitation ◽

Candida Albicans Biofilms ◽

Scanning Electron

The most common pathology in the clinic of orthopedic dentistry is the presence of partial adentia in patients, manifested in the form of defects of dentition of various localization and length. Removable orthopedic structures in the oral cavity are a potential place for adhesion and colonization of microorganisms. The aim of the research was to study Candida albicans biofilms on the surface of base plastics of removable orthopedic structures using scanning electron microscopy. 175 cultures of C. albicans were isolated and identified from the oral mucosa of patients at various stages of orthopedic rehabilitation. When studying the surface of samples of plastics of hot and cold type polymerization and Candida biofilms using a JEOL JCM 5700 scanning electron microscope (JEOL, Japan), features of biofilm formation were established. An assessment of the nature of the manifestation of the hemagglutinating activity of clinical strains of Candida fungi in the hemagglutination test with human erythrocytes I (O), II (A) of the human and guinea pig blood groups was carried out. The total number of hemagglutinating strains was 37.14%, with the prevalence of the proportion of manna-resistant (MRHA) cultures - 23.43% of cases. Micrographs of the C. albicans yeast-like biofilm biofilm were obtained on the surface of hot and cold-type plastics in incubation dynamics. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the most pronounced changes in the surface of hot plastics of polymerization compared to cold plastics with long incubation of C. albicans, which characterize the loosening of plastics and the appearance of cracks on the surface, and the cracking of a yeast-like fungus biofilm was noted.

Download Full-text

Biofilm Analysis of Retrieved Dental Implants after Different Peri-Implantitis Treatments

Case Reports in Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2017/8562050 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Thaise C. Geremias ◽

Juan F. D. Montero ◽

Ricardo de Souza Magini ◽

Guenther Schuldt Filho ◽

Edival Barreto de Magalhães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Titanium Surface ◽

Planktonic Growth ◽

Chemical Decontamination ◽

Initial Biofilm ◽

Scanning Electron

The aim of the current study was to analyse the planktonic growth of Streptococcus mutans on the surfaces of three implants retrieved after three different peri-implantitis treatments. Three implants from a male patient with high levels of bone loss were treated by mechanical debridement, chemical decontamination, and implantoplasty. After 4 months of follow-up, the implants were removed. The growth and biofilm formation were measured by spectrophotometry (OD630 nm) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), after 48 hours of incubation. Results showed an average of Streptococcus mutans planktonic growth over the implants of 0.21 nm (mechanical debridement), 0.16 nm (chemical decontamination), and 0.15 nm (implantoplasty). Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p<0.05 for chemical decontamination and implantoplasty). Implantoplasty and chemical decontamination showed the lowest levels of planktonic growth, indicating a possible influence of the modification procedures on the titanium surface on the initial biofilm attachment.

Download Full-text

In Vitro Study on the Adhesion and Colonization of Candida Albicans on Metal and Acrylic Piercings

Acta Medica Bulgarica ◽

10.1515/amb-2016-0001 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 5-13

Author(s):

N. Stamenov ◽

G. Tomov ◽

Z. Denkova ◽

I. Dobrev

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Metal Surface ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Electrostatic Forces ◽

Plastic Surface ◽

Scanning Electron

SummaryOral/perioral piercing may provide an ideal environment for adhesion and colonization of microorganisms. The aim of this study is to perform an “in vitro” research on the capabilities of adhesion of Candida albicans on oral piercings made of plastic and metal. Acrylic and metal piercings were incubated with Candida albicans and then were observed using scanning electron microscopy under different magnifications. A lot of irregularities and roughness were observed on the surface of the plastic piercing unlike the surface of the metal one, which is not so rough. Nevertheless, the number of Candida albicans colonies was considerably larger on the scanned metal surface in comparison to the plastic surface. In vitro the metal surface of the piercing creates better environment for the adhesion and colonization of microorganisms than the acrylic. This could be attributed to the electrostatic forces that most likely attract Candida albicans to the metal piercing in the early stages of biofilm formation.

Download Full-text

Biological Evaluation of Selected 1,2,3-triazole Derivatives as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agents

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026620666200710104737 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (24) ◽

pp. 2186-2191

Author(s):

Lialyz Soares Pereira André ◽

Renata Freire Alves Pereira ◽

Felipe Ramos Pinheiro ◽

Aislan Cristina Rheder Fagundes Pascoal ◽

Vitor Francisco Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Community Environments ◽

Scanning Electron

Background: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major public health problem, being Staphylococcus aureus prevalent in infections in hospital and community environments and, admittedly, related to biofilm formation in biotic and abiotic surfaces. Biofilms form a complex and structured community of microorganisms surrounded by an extracellular matrix adhering to each other and to a surface that gives them even more protection from and resistance against the action of antimicrobial agents, as well as against host defenses. Methods: Aiming to control and solve these problems, our study sought to evaluate the action of 1,2,3- triazoles against a Staphylococcus aureus isolate in planktonic and in the biofilm form, evaluating the activity of this triazole through Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) tests. We have also performed cytotoxic evaluation and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) of the biofilms under the treatment of the compound. The 1,2,3-triazole DAN 49 showed bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity (MIC and MBC 128 μg/mL). In addition, its presence interfered with the biofilm formation stage (1/2 MIC, p <0.000001) and demonstrated an effect on young preformed biofilm (2 MICs, p <0.05). Results: Scanning Electron Microscopy images showed a reduction in the cell population and the appearance of deformations on the surface of some bacteria in the biofilm under treatment with the compound. Conclusion: Therefore, it was possible to conclude the promising anti-biofilm potential of 1,2,3-triazole, demonstrating the importance of the synthesis of new compounds with biological activity.

Download Full-text

Biofilm Inhibition and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver-Ion-Exchanged Zeolite A against Vibrio spp Marine Pathogens

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11125496 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 5496

Author(s):

Zarina Amin ◽

Nur Ariffah Waly ◽

Sazmal Effendi Arshad

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Immune Defense ◽

Silver Ion ◽

Bacterial Disease ◽

Zeolite A ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Volcanic Origin ◽

Scanning Electron

A challenging problem in the aquaculture industry is bacterial disease outbreaks, which result in the global reduction in fish supply and foodborne outbreaks. Biofilms in marine pathogens protect against antimicrobial treatment and host immune defense. Zeolites are minerals of volcanic origin made from crystalline aluminosilicates, which are useful in agriculture and in environmental management. In this study, silver-ion-exchanged zeolite A of four concentrations; 0.25 M (AgZ1), 0.50 M (AgZ2), 1.00 M (AgZ3) and 1.50 M (AgZ4) were investigated for biofilm inhibition and antimicrobial properties against two predominant marine pathogens, V. campbelli and V. parahemolyticus, by employing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and crystal violet biofilm quantification assays as well as scanning electron microscopy. In the first instance, all zeolite samples AgZ1–AgZ4 showed antimicrobial activity for both pathogens. For V. campbellii, AgZ4 exhibited the highest MIC at 125.00 µg/mL, while for V. parahaemolyticus, the highest MIC was observed for AgZ3 at 62.50 µg/mL. At sublethal concentration, biofilm inhibition of V. campbelli and V. parahemolyticus by AgZ4 was observed at 60.2 and 77.3% inhibition, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited profound structural alteration of the biofilm matrix by AgZ4. This is the first known study that highlights the potential application of ion-exchanged zeolite A against marine pathogens and their biofilms.

Download Full-text

Vergleich verschiedener Immun-Dekorationsmethoden für die Rasterelektronenmikroskopie am Beispiel eines Protein-Antigens auf der Oberfläche der Hefe Candida albicans/ A Comparison of Decoration Techniques for the Demonstration of Immunocomplexes by Scanning Electron Microscopy: Labeling of a Protein Antigen on the Surface of the Yeast Candida albicans

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-1985-7-816 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 40 (7-8) ◽

pp. 539-550 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Margarete Borg

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Protein A ◽

Peritoneal Macrophages ◽

Polystyrene Latex ◽

Target Antigen ◽

Protein Antigens ◽

Critical Point Drying ◽

Scanning Electron

Abstract The labeling of immunocomplexes for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a fairly new technique, and the various procedures, that have been proposed, have not yet been compared. Such comparative evaluation was performed with Candida protease as a target antigen. This secretory enzyme of the opportunistic yeast Candida albicans can be localized on the surface of fungal blastopores and mycelia, both after growth in proteinaceous medium and upon infection of murine peritoneal macrophages. The presence of the protease antigen was confirmed by immunofluorescence and by immunoperoxidase-light microscopy. The decoration of protease - anti protease complexes for SEM was attempted with colloids derived from the immunoperoxidase reaction, by the immunogold technique, and by antibodies linked to beads of synthetic polymers (polystyrene, polymethacrylate, polyacrolein). In addition, inactivated Staphylococcus aureus was used, which binds to antibodies through its protein-A. The high resolution by SEM of surface structures was matched only by the colloid based decoration techniques. All conjugates with beads suffered from inconsistent binding, which did not correspond with the distribution of the surface antigen. The comparatively best result with beads was obtained with polystyrene (Latex). Colloid based techniques in addition allow for critical point drying, which cannot be applied to synthetic beads in the usual manner.

Download Full-text