scholarly journals Alteration in surface roughness of reciprocating endodontic instruments

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 875
Author(s):  
Khoa Van Pham
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Glide Path ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Background: Surface roughness is one of the most important characteristics of endodontic instruments, correlating to instrument fracture. The purpose of this study was to measure the surface roughness values of these instruments before and after resin root canal preparation without previous glide path preparation, with the new method. Data was obtained from field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM) combined with independent ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA). Methods: A total of 20 simulated J-shape resin blocks with a radius of 4.5 mm, length of 16 mm, and angle of inflection of 600 were chosen and distributed into two equal groups. Each group was prepared by the WaveOne Gold Primary (Dentsply Sirona, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) or the Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) instruments, without glide path preparation. Special molds were used to confirm the same areas on the cutting blade at 3 mm and the instruments’ tips were scanned by FE-SEM, at different observed times. The parameters of Ra, Rq, and Rz in each sample were collected using the ImageJ software for analyses. The data was processed using the paired t-test with a significance level of 0.05. Results: Right after the first resin canal instrumentation, the surface roughness parameters of the two reciprocating investigated instruments were decreased. Conclusions: The FE-SEM images processed using the ImageJ software offered a trustworthy and suitable method for assessment of the NiTi endodontic file surface roughness.

Impact of secondary electron emission noise in SEM

Microscopy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Sakakibara ◽  
Makoto Suzuki ◽  
Kenji Tanimoto ◽  
Yasunari Sohda ◽  
Daisuke Bizen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Device ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Image Noise ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes ◽  
Primary Electrons ◽  
Imaging Conditions ◽  
Si Wafer

Abstract In semiconductor-device inspection using scanning electron microscopes (SEMs), the irradiation dose of the electron beam becomes lower because of increasing needs for higher throughput and lower damage to the samples. Therefore, it is necessary to form images using fewer primary electrons, making noise reduction of SEM images one of the main challenges. We have modeled the imaging process of SEMs, which consists of the generation of primary, secondary and tertiary electrons (PEs, SEs and TEs, respectively), and detection. Furthermore, a method to accurately evaluate the fluctuation in the number of SEs and TEs are proposed. We found that SEM-image noise can be minimized by directly detecting SEs generated in the sample, in which case the fluctuation in the number of SEs determines the image quality. The variance number of SEs emitted from a 500-eV PE irradiation onto a Si wafer is 1.9 times as large as the value derived assuming a Poisson process. A Monte-Carlo simulation result was used to explain the experimental results and predict that PE energy less than 1 keV suppresses the fluctuation in the number of SEs, and consequently, the SEM-image noise level. These findings provide a method for determining imaging conditions that improve the throughput of SEMs.

scholarly journals Enamel Surface Roughness after Lingual Bracket Debonding: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4196
Author(s):  
Martina Eichenberger ◽  
Anna Iliadi ◽  
Despina Koletsi ◽  
George Eliades ◽  
Carlalberta Verna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Fine Diamond ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
Lingual Brackets

The aim of the present study was to quantitatively assess changes in enamel roughness parameters before and after lingual bracket debonding. The lingual surface of 25 sound premolars extracted for orthodontic reasons was studied by 3D optical interferometric profilometry before and after debonding of lingual brackets following enamel finishing (with fine diamond) and polishing (with 12- and 20-fluted carbide burs). The roughness parameters tested were the amplitude parameters Sa and Sz, the hybrid parameter Sdr, and the functional parameters Sc and Sv. The parameter differences (after debonding-reference) were calculated, and statistical analysis was performed via a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Statistically significantly higher values were observed in all the surface roughness parameters of enamel surfaces after finishing and polishing, with the mostly affected parameter being the Sdr. Under the conditions of the present study, the finishing and polishing instruments used after debonding of lingual noncustomized brackets created a surface texture rougher than the control in all the tested roughness parameters.

Effect of Polishing Systems on Surface Roughness and Topography of Monolithic Zirconia

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
CL Goo ◽  
AUJ Yap ◽  
KBC Tan ◽  
AS Fawzy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Monolithic Zirconia ◽  
Polishing Procedures ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc

SUMMARY This study evaluated the effect of different chairside polishing systems on the surface roughness and topography of monolithic zirconia. Thirty-five monolithic zirconia specimens (Lava PLUS, 3M ESPE) were fabricated and divided into five groups of seven and polished with the following: Group 1 (WZ)—Dura white stone followed by Shofu zirconia polishing kit; Group 2 (SZ)—Shofu zirconia polishing kit; Group 3 (CE)—Ceramiste porcelain polishers; Group 4 (CM)—Ceramaster porcelain polishers; and Group 5 (KZ)—Komet ZR zirconia polishers. All specimens were ground with a fine-grit diamond bur prior to polishing procedures to simulate clinical finishing. Baseline and post-polishing profilometric readings were recorded and delta Ra values (difference in mean surface roughness before and after polishing) were computed and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Scheffe post hoc test (p<0.05). Representative scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the ground but unpolished and polished specimens were acquired. Delta Ra values ranged from 0.146 for CE to 0.400 for KZ. Delta Ra values for KZ, WZ, and SZ were significantly greater than for CE. Significant differences in delta Ra values were also observed between KZ and CM. The SEM images obtained were consistent with the profilometric findings. Diamond-impregnated polishing systems were more effective than silica carbide–impregnated ones in reducing the surface roughness of ground monolithic zirconia.

scholarly journals Effect of glide path on transportation promoted by NiTi and M-Wire instruments

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Tatiane Pires Nogueira ◽  
Ellen Roberta Lima Bessa ◽  
Eduardo Da Costa Nunes ◽  
André Augusto Franco Marques ◽  
Lucas Da Fonseca Roberti Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Path Creation ◽  
Dental Instruments ◽  
Glide Path ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After

<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To evaluate the effect of glide path creation on transportation promoted by NiTi and M-Wire instruments. <strong>Material and Methods: </strong>Sixty polyester resin blocks containing a simulated root canal were distributed into four groups (n=15), according to the protocols/systems used for root canal preparation: GPR group - glide path + Revo-S system; R group - no glide path + Revo-S system; GPPN group - glide path + ProTaper Next system and PN group - no glide path + ProTaper Next system. Root canals were photographed before and after preparation, and the images were superimposed to evaluate the transportation at the apical, middle and coronal thirds. The time spent to perform preparation was also measured (seconds). Data were submitted to the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test (p&lt;0.05) for statistical analysis. <strong>Results:</strong> In the apical third, there was no significant difference among groups (p&gt;0.05). GPR and R groups were similar in the middle third (p&gt;0.05). However, the transportation value in GPR group was statistically higher in comparison with GPPN and PN groups (p&lt;0.05). In the coronal third, GPR and R groups were similar (p&gt;0.05). Only R group presented significant difference in comparison with GPPN and PN groups (p&lt;0.05). There was no difference among groups about time spent to perform preparation (p&gt;0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> None of the systems were capable of maintaining the original trajectory of the simulated root canal, and the glide path had no effect on the transportation promoted by instruments.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p>Dental instruments; Endodontics; Root canal preparation.</p>

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the influence of print run on surface roughness of digital flexo printing plates’ solid tone areas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Dedijer ◽  
◽  
Magdolna Pál ◽  
Ivana Tomić ◽  
Stefan Poljak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Roughness Parameters ◽  
Printing Plate ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Surface Roughness Parameters ◽  
The Difference

In this study we have aimed to present statistical evaluation of changes in the surface roughness of the solid tone areas on CtP flexo printing plate in dependence of print run. Changes in flexo plate surface roughness is influenced by the plate-making process, printing pressure and speed, the interaction with the ink and printing substrate and by the wear of the printing plate due to long print-runs. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the changes in the amplitude surface roughness parameters (Ra, Rp, Rv and Rz), between the printing plates used for different print runs. In the experiment, we have employed three sets of CtP flexo printing plates, for three colors-cyan, magenta and blue. The first set was not used for printing, the second was used to print 7 rolls of substrate and the third is used to print 11 rolls of printing substrate. The amplitude surface roughness parameters were compared by applying independentsamples t-test method using the software SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) with a 0.05 significance level. Statistical analysis revealed that the difference between the amplitude surface roughness parameters measured on CtP flexo printing plates are significant with a 95% confidence level, whereas the statistical significance pointed out that with the longer print runs, the difference will be strongly expressed.

scholarly journals Comparison of Canal Transportation and Centering Ability of ProGlider and WaveOne Gold Glider in Curved Canals

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (04) ◽  
pp. 639-643
Author(s):  
Gabriela Behne Miró ◽  
Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho ◽  
Edson Pelisser ◽  
Mariana Maciel Batista Borges ◽  
Marco Antônio Hungaro Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
File Systems ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Volume Variation ◽  
Glide Path ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Canal Transportation ◽  
Level Of Significance

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the volume variation and maintenance of the root canal position when using the ProGlider 16.02 (PG) and the WaveOne Gold Glider 15.02 (WOGG) file systems for glide path preparation. Materials and Methods Twenty-four moderately curved mesiobuccal canals of maxil-lary first molars were selected and randomly divided into two groups: PG and WOGG. The selected teeth were scanned using microtomography before and after root canal preparation to assess centralization and linear transport at 1, 3, 5, and 7 mm from the apical foramen. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed with the Mann–Whitney U test. The level of significance was 5%. Results There were no significant differences in volume variation or root canal transport (p > 0.05). There was a significant difference in the centralization of the root canal at 3 mm from the foramen (p < 0.05). Conclusions WOGG and PG instruments presented similar results regarding the root canal volume increase and transport. WOGG caused higher decentralization at 3 mm from the apical foramen.

scholarly journals Nonprescription Bleaching versus Home Bleaching with Professional Prescriptions: Which One is Safer? A Comprehensive Review of Color Changes and Their Side Effects on Human Enamel

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 589-598
Author(s):  
Farhana Omar ◽  
Zuryati Ab-Ghani ◽  
Normastura Abd Rahman ◽  
Mohamad Syahrizal Halim
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Microscopic Appearance ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Colorimetric Measurement ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Objectives This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the professionally prescribed and nonprescription over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching agents. Materials and Methods Extracted human upper central incisors were prepared and stained with red wine for 14 days before being subjected to four different bleaching agents: professionally prescribed opalescence PF 15%, VOCO Perfect Bleach 10%, nonprescription OTC Crest 3D Whitestrips, and Whitelight Teeth Whitening System. Colorimetric measurement was performed with Vita Easyshade Handheld Spectrophotometer, enamel surface microhardness measured using Vickers Hardness machine, and surface roughness was evaluated with profilometer, before and after bleaching. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation and atomic force microscopy were conducted postbleaching. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed with t-test, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Turkey’s test at a significance level of 5%. Results All bleaching products have the same efficacy to whiten stained enamel. Opalescence PF 15% showed significant increase in the microhardness (92.69 ± 68.316). All groups demonstrated significant increase in surface roughness (p < 0.05). SEM evaluation showed that Opalescence PF 15% resulted in same microscopic appearance as unbleached enamel, while VOCO Perfect Bleach 10%, Whitelight Teeth Whitening System and Crest 3D Whitestrips demonstrated mild to moderate irregularities and accentuated irregularities, respectively. Conclusion Professionally prescribed bleaching agent of Opalescence PF 15% is effective tin whitening the teeth, while the other bleaching products may be effective but also have deleterious effects on the enamel.

scholarly journals Effect of Spondias mombin L. extract on the wettability, roughness, color and morphology of bovine enamel

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. e213736
Author(s):  
Franciara Maria Gomes Alves ◽  
Thaís Oliveira Cordeiro ◽  
Ana Margarida Dos Santos Melo ◽  
Larissa Sgarbosa de Araújo Matuda ◽  
Daniela Lopes da Silva Amorieli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sessile Drop ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Bovine Enamel

Although Spondias mombin L. extract has an excellent antimicrobial effect against oral microorganisms, it should be clarified how it affects enamel surface properties. Aim: To evaluate the color change, wettability/contact angle, surface roughness and morphology of bovine enamel submitted to the Spondias mombin L. extract. Methods: Thirty bovine teeth were distributed into the following groups: 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate, 1:32 Spondias mombin L. extract and distilled water. Color change (CC) was evaluated after immerging specimens into the solutions for 14 days. Surface roughness (Ra) was measured using a roughness meter; wettability/contact angles (CA) were determined by the sessile drop method, and scanning electron microscopy images were obtained to characterize the morphology (SMA). The pH of the solutions was evaluated using a pHmeter. The Ra, CA, and CC data were parametric (Kolmogorov-Smirnov; p>0.05). Two-way ANOVA (for Ra and CA) and one-way ANOVA (for CC) with Tukey’s posthoc tests at a significance level of 5% were used. SMA was analyzed descriptively. Results: The Spondias mombin L. extract revealed an acidic pH, and when in contact with the bovine teeth, it increased the wettability, but it did not cause statistically significant differences in the Ra. Spondias mombin L. extract caused the highest color change. The SEM images showed differences in the specimens’ surface submitted to the extract compared to the other groups. Conclusion: Spondias mombin L. extract provided negative effects on bovine enamel’s surface, including a high color change and a more wettable substrate.

scholarly journals Efficiency of different instruments used for composite filling polishing.

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Andrea-Csinszka Kovacs-Ivacson ◽  
Alexandra Mihaela Stoica ◽  
Mónika Kovacs ◽  
Mihai Pop
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Caries Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Surface Irregularities ◽  
Surface Staining

Abstract Introduction: Improper finishing and polishing of fillings leads to surface roughness of the restoration which leads to excessive plaque accumulation, gingival irritation, increased surface staining and poor aesthetics of restored teeth. Therefore, it is essential to use polishing instruments and pastes as a final step of simple caries treatment in order to achieve optimal long-time results. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of 4 different finishing and polishing instruments used for surface smoothening of aesthetic restorative materials in vitro. Materials and methods: 40 composite (Reality X) samples were prepared in vitro. Their surface irregularities were measured along 3 diagonals before and after polishing. Sof-Lex discs (3M Espe), rubber cones (Kenda), Arkansas stone (Fino) and polishing paste and a professional toothbrush (Kerr) were used for polishing. Each sample was polished under 5N pressure for 30 seconds at 3000 rpm. The surface roughness was than measured using a profilometer. Statistic analysis was performed using ANOVA and unpaired T-tests, the significance level was set at a value of p<0.05. Results: Based on the mean values, the smallest roughness was found in the control group- 0.11, while the highest in the rubber polishers and Arkansas stone group- 0.47 and 0.48. The values for the Sof-Lex disc group and the polishing paste-toothbrush group were 0.40 and 0.39. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the four groups. Conclusion: It is mandatory to use polishing tools in order to obtain a smooth surface of the restoration and avoid the unwanted long-term complications. Polishing using brush and abrasive paste produced the smoothest surface of the composite.

Stereological Analysis Of Sem Images

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
H. S Schmiβer ◽  
R. A. Swensson
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quantitative Image ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopes

Development of new signal detection systems for STEREOSCAN scanning electron microscopes has greatly increased the applicability of quantitative image analysis to pictures obtained with an s.e.m. While quantitative image analysis has proven to be a powerful technique to draw quantitative information from pictures obtained from light microscopes as well as various other sources of images, the field of scanninq electron microscopy has largely been uncovered in the past.This was mainly due to the particular appearance of “normal” s.e.m. pictures. Exactly those features which make s.e.m. pictures easy to interpret intuitively an aesthetically attractive i.e. the pseudo three dimensional appearance made it virtually impossible to treat these images with the well known methods of electronic image analysis.

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