scholarly journals Irritable bowel syndrome: new insights into symptom mechanisms and advances in treatment

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Spiller
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
New Agents ◽  
Enteric Nerves ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

Despite being one of the most common conditions leading to gastroenterological referral, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is poorly understood. However, recent years have seen major advances. These include new understanding of the role of both inflammation and altered microbiota as well as the impact of dietary intolerances as illuminated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which has thrown new light on IBS. This article will review new data on how excessive bile acid secretion mediates diarrhea and evidence from post infectious IBS which has shown how gut inflammation can alter gut microbiota and function. Studies of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have also shown that even when inflammation is in remission, the altered enteric nerves and abnormal microbiota can generate IBS-like symptoms. The efficacy of the low FODMAP diet as a treatment for bloating, flatulence, and abdominal discomfort has been demonstrated by randomized controlled trials. MRI studies, which can quantify intestinal volumes, have provided new insights into how FODMAPs cause symptoms. This article will focus on these areas together with recent trials of new agents, which this author believes will alter clinical practice within the foreseeable future.

Applying a Low-FODMAP Dietary Intervention to a Female Ultraendurance Runner With Irritable Bowel Syndrome During a Multistage Ultramarathon

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie K. Gaskell ◽  
Ricardo J.S. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptom ◽  
Carbohydrate Intake ◽  
Severe Nausea ◽  
Dietary Analysis ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet ◽  
The Impact

Malabsorption of fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) in response to prolonged exercise may increase incidence of upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS), which are known to impair exercise performance. This case study aimed to explore the impact of a low-FODMAP diet on exercise-associated GIS in a female ultraendurance runner diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome, competing in a 6-day 186.7-km mountainous multistage ultramarathon (MSUM). Irritable bowel syndrome symptom severity score at diagnosis was 410 and following a low-FODMAP diet (3.9 g FODMAPs/day) it reduced to 70. The diet was applied 6 days before (i.e., lead-in diet), and maintained during (5.1 g FODMAPs/day) the MSUM. Nutrition intake was analyzed through dietary analysis software. A validated 100-mm visual analog scale quantified GIS incidence and severity. GIS were modest during the MSUM (overall mean ± SD: bloating 27 ± 5 mm and flatulence 23 ± 8 mm), except severe nausea (67 ± 14 mm) experienced throughout. Total daily energy (11.7 ± 1.6 MJ/day) intake did not meet estimated energy requirements (range: 13.9–17.9 MJ/day). Total daily protein [1.4 ± 0.3 g·kg body weight (BW)−1·day−1], carbohydrate (9.1 ± 1.3 g·kg BW−1·day−1), fat (1.1 ± 0.2 g·kg BW−1·day−1), and water (78.7 ± 6.4 ml·kg BW−1·day−1) intakes satisfied current consensus guidelines, except for carbohydrates. Carbohydrate intake during running failed to meet recommendations (43 ± 9 g/hr). The runner successfully implemented a low-FODMAP diet and completed the MSUM with minimal GIS. However, suboptimal energy and carbohydrate intake occurred, potentially exacerbated by nausea associated with running at altitude.

Nutrient Intake, Diet Quality, and Diet Diversity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Impact of the Low FODMAP Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi M. Staudacher ◽  
Frances S.E. Ralph ◽  
Peter M. Irving ◽  
Kevin Whelan ◽  
Miranda C.E. Lomer
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Diet Diversity ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Adherence and Effects Derived from FODMAP Diet on Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Real Life Evaluation of a Large Follow-Up Observation

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonietta Gerarda Gravina ◽  
Marcello Dallio ◽  
Mario Romeo ◽  
Antonietta Di Somma ◽  
Gaetano Cotticelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Bowel Dysfunction ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Diet Regimen ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome represents one of the most difficult gastroenterological diseases to treat, that usually induces the patients to follow different drug therapies, often not useful in symptom control. In this scenario low FODMAP diet could have positive effects in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, even because this type of diet regimen is characterized by a low gluten amount due to the exclusion of cereals. Methods: We enrolled 120 patients with irritable bowel syndrome, according to the Rome IV criteria, who were referred to Hepatogastroenterology Division of the University of Campania L. Vanvitelli from June to December 2018. They underwent a low FODMAP diet for six weeks, followed by a gradual weekly reintroduction of every category of food for three months. The patients had a follow-up evaluation for six months after the end of food reintroduction period. We measured abdominal pain with subjective numerical scale from 0 to 10. We evaluated other gastrointestinal symptoms with a questionnaire about symptoms of lower digestive tract, evaluating their frequency and intensity. We also evaluated the impact of irritable bowel syndrome on daily life with neurological bowel dysfunction score. Results: We obtained a good patient-adherence to diet and a statistically significant decrease of abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence, diarrhea, constipation, and neurological bowel dysfunction score (p < 0.001) at the end of the diet. These results remained constant in the follow-up period. Conclusions: We recommend the use of a low FODMAP diet regimen in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in order to control the symptoms and improve the quality of life.

scholarly journals Diet and Nutrients in Gastrointestinal Chronic Diseases

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2693
Author(s):  
Antonio Corsello ◽  
Daniela Pugliese ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
Alessandro Armuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Daily Amount ◽  
Progression Of Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Therapeutic Possibilities

Diet and nutrition are known to play key roles in many chronic gastrointestinal diseases, regarding both pathogenesis and therapeutic possibilities. A strong correlation between symptomatology, disease activity and eating habits has been observed in many common diseases, both organic and functional, such as inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome. New different dietary approaches have been evaluated in order improve patients’ symptoms, modulating the type of sugars ingested, the daily amount of fats or the kind of metabolites produced in gut. Even if many clinical studies have been conducted to fully understand the impact of nutrition on the progression of disease, more studies are needed to test the most promising approaches for different diseases, in order to define useful guidelines for patients.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis

Gut ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. gutjnl-2021-325214
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Black ◽  
Heidi M. Staudacher ◽  
Alexander C. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Abdominal Bloating ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Fodmap Diet ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveA diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) is recommended for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), if general lifestyle and dietary advice fails. However, although the impact of a low FODMAP diet on individual IBS symptoms has been examined in some randomised controlled trials (RCTs), there has been no recent systematic assessment, and individual trials have studied numerous alternative or control interventions, meaning the best comparator is unclear. We performed a network meta-analysis addressing these uncertainties.DesignWe searched the medical literature through to 2 April 2021 to identify RCTs of a low FODMAP diet in IBS. Efficacy was judged using dichotomous assessment of improvement in global IBS symptoms or improvement in individual IBS symptoms, including abdominal pain, abdominal bloating or distension, and bowel habit. Data were pooled using a random effects model, with efficacy reported as pooled relative risks (RRs) with 95% CIs, and interventions ranked according to their P-score.ResultsWe identified 13 eligible RCTs (944 patients). Based on failure to achieve an improvement in global IBS symptoms, a low FODMAP diet ranked first vs habitual diet (RR of symptoms not improving=0.67; 95% CI 0.48 to 0.91, P-score=0.99), and was superior to all other interventions. Low FODMAP diet ranked first for abdominal pain severity, abdominal bloating or distension severity and bowel habit, although for the latter it was not superior to any other intervention. A low FODMAP diet was superior to British Dietetic Association (BDA)/National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) dietary advice for abdominal bloating or distension (RR=0.72; 95% CI 0.55 to 0.94). BDA/NICE dietary advice was not superior to any other intervention in any analysis.ConclusionIn a network analysis, low FODMAP diet ranked first for all endpoints studied. However, most trials were based in secondary or tertiary care and did not study effects of FODMAP reintroduction and personalisation on symptoms.

Microbiome and paediatric gut diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-320875
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Gerasimidis ◽  
Konstantinos Gkikas ◽  
Christopher Stewart ◽  
Esther Neelis ◽  
Vaios Svolos
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Intestinal Failure ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function

In the human gut resides a vast community of microorganisms which perform critical functions for the maintenance of whole body homeostasis. Changes in the composition and function of this community, termed microbiome, are believed to provoke disease onset, including non-communicable diseases. In this review, we debate the current evidence on the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis, outcomes and management of paediatric gut disease. We conclude that even though the gut microbiome is altered in paediatric inflammatory bowel disease, coeliac disease, intestinal failure, necrotising enterocolitis and irritable bowel syndrome, there are currently very few implications for unravelling disease pathogenesis or guiding clinical practice. In the future, the gut microbiome may aid in disease differential diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcomes, and comprise a target for therapeutic interventions.

scholarly journals The Role of Mast Cells in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Nyeong Lee ◽  
Oh Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Intestinal Dysmotility ◽  
Immune Alterations ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, but its treatment is unsatisfactory as its pathophysiology is multifactorial. The putative factors of IBS pathophysiology are visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal dysmotility, also including psychological factors, dysregulated gut-brain axis, intestinal microbiota alterations, impaired intestinal permeability, and mucosal immune alterations. Recently, mucosal immune alterations have received much attention with the role of mast cells in IBS. Mast cells are abundant in the intestines and function as intestinal gatekeepers at the interface between the luminal environment in the intestine and the internal milieu under the intestinal epithelium. As a gatekeeper at the interface, mast cells communicate with the adjacent cells such as epithelial, neuronal, and other immune cells throughout the mediators released when they themselves are activated. Many studies have suggested that mast cells play a role in the pathophysiology of IBS. This review will focus on studies of the role of mast cell in IBS and the limitations of studies and will also consider future directions.

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