scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding osteosarcoma and emerging therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie Gaspar ◽  
Maria Eugenia Marques da Costa ◽  
Olivia Fromigue ◽  
Robin Droit ◽  
Pablo Berlanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Survival ◽  
Bone Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Therapeutic Trials ◽  
Emerging Therapies ◽  
Current Treatment Strategy ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Near Future

Osteosarcoma is the most common bone cancer in adolescents and young adults, but it is a rare cancer with no improvement in patient survival in the last four decades. The main problem of this bone tumor is its evolution toward lung metastatic disease, despite the current treatment strategy (chemotherapy and surgery). To further improve survival, there is a strong need for new therapies that control osteosarcoma cells with metastatic potential and their favoring tumor microenvironment (ME) from the diagnosis. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of those tumor cell genomic/epigenetic and biology, the diversity of tumor ME where it develops, the sparsity of appropriate preclinical models, and the heterogeneity of therapeutic trials have rendered the task difficult. No tumor- or ME-targeted drugs are routinely available in front-line treatment. This article presents up-to-date information from preclinical and clinical studies that were recently published or presented in recent meetings which we hope might help change the osteosarcoma treatment landscape and patient survival in the near future.

scholarly journals Radiation-Activated PI3K/AKT Pathway Promotes the Induction of Cancer Stem-Like Cells via the Upregulation of SOX2 in Colorectal Cancer

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Ji-Hye Park ◽  
Young-Heon Kim ◽  
Sehwan Shim ◽  
Areumnuri Kim ◽  
Hyosun Jang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Sox2 Expression ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Cells ◽  
Current Treatment Strategy ◽  
Radiation Induced

The current treatment strategy for patients with aggressive colorectal cancer has been hampered by resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy due to the existence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). Recent studies have shown that SOX2 expression plays an important role in the maintenance of CSC properties in colorectal cancer. In this study, we investigated the induction and regulatory role of SOX2 following the irradiation of radioresistant and radiosensitive colorectal cancer cells. We used FACS and western blotting to analyze SOX2 expression in cells. Among the markers of colorectal CSCs, the expression of CD44 increased upon irradiation in radioresistant cells. Further analysis revealed the retention of CSC properties with an upregulation of SOX2 as shown by enhanced resistance to radiation and metastatic potential in vitro. Interestingly, both the knockdown and overexpression of SOX2 led to increase in CD44+ population and induction of CSC properties in colorectal cancer following irradiation. Furthermore, selective genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway, but not the MAPK pathway, attenuated SOX2-dependent CD44 expression and metastatic potential upon irradiation in vitro. Our findings suggested that SOX2 regulated by radiation-induced activation of PI3K/AKT pathway contributes to the induction of colorectal CSCs, thereby highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.

scholarly journals Presbyopia – A Review of Current Treatment Options and Emerging Therapies

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 2167-2178
Author(s):  
James A Katz ◽  
Paul M Karpecki ◽  
Alexandra Dorca ◽  
Sima Chiva-Razavi ◽  
Heather Floyd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Emerging Therapies

Perspectives for Potential Therapies for SARS-CoV-2

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Preeti Suman Saxena ◽  
Kirti Singh ◽  
Poonam Jangir ◽  
Manish Nath Tripathi ◽  
Vimal Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Current Treatment Strategy ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Corona Viruses

The current pandemic, novel corona virus 19 disease (COVID-19), has created havoc across the world. Now a third wave is possible, and we have already crossed two waves. The current review article presents recent reports about the COVID-19, the ways of treatments, and prevention. In view of the potential threats of a pandemic, various scientists have been trying to understand the pathophysiology of this disease to uncover possible treatment regimens and discover effective therapeutic agents and vaccines. To add further information to support the ongoing current research and development against SARS-CoV-2, the authors have provided the basics of pathophysiology, possible targets, and current treatment strategy for corona viruses. The current review highlights the antiviral strategies involving small molecules and different biological targets involved in corona virus infection and replication. The information included in this article provides a strong intellectual foundation for the ongoing development of therapeutic agents and vaccines.

scholarly journals Targeting SRC Family Kinases in Mesothelioma: Time to Upgrade

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1866
Author(s):  
Paola Indovina ◽  
Iris Maria Forte ◽  
Francesca Pentimalli ◽  
Antonio Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Src Family Kinases ◽  
Oncogenic Pathways ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Lost In Translation

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a deadly tumor mainly caused by exposure to asbestos. Unfortunately, no current treatment is able to change significantly the natural history of the disease, which has a poor prognosis in the majority of patients. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC and other SRC family kinase (SFK) members are frequently hyperactivated in many cancer types, including MM. Several works have indeed suggested that SFKs underlie MM cell proliferation, survival, motility, and invasion, overall affecting multiple oncogenic pathways. Consistently, SFK inhibitors effectively counteracted MM cancerous features at the preclinical level. Dasatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor targeting SFKs, was also assessed in clinical trials either as second-line treatment for patients with unresectable MM or, more recently, as a neoadjuvant agent in patients with resectable MM. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms implicating SFKs in MM progression and discuss possible strategies for a more successful clinical application of SFK inhibitors. Our aim is to stimulate discussion and further consideration of these agents in better designed preclinical and clinical studies to make the most of another class of powerful antitumoral drugs, which too often are lost in translation when applied to MM.

scholarly journals Resources-Stratified Guidelines for Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Relecom ◽  
Massimo Federico ◽  
Joseph M. Connors ◽  
Bertrand Coiffier ◽  
Irene Biasoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Haematological Malignancy ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Treatment Standards ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma Patient ◽  
Resource Levels ◽  
Global Initiative

Hodgkin lymphoma is a haematological malignancy predominantly affecting young adults. Hodgkin lymphoma is a highly curable disease by current treatment standards. Latest treatment guidelines for Hodgkin lymphoma however imply access to diagnostic and treatment modalities that may not be available in settings with restricted healthcare resources. Considerable discrepancies in Hodgkin lymphoma patient survival exist, with poorer outcomes reported in resources-constrained settings. Resources-stratified guidelines for diagnosis, staging and treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma were derived in an effort to optimize patient outcome provided a given setting of available resources. These guidelines were derived based on the framework of the Breast Health Global Initiative stratifying resource levels in basic, core, advanced and maximal categories.

scholarly journals Expression of HTRA Genes and Its Association with Microsatellite Instability and Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3947
Author(s):  
Dorota Zurawa-Janicka ◽  
Jarek Kobiela ◽  
Tomasz Slebioda ◽  
Rafal Peksa ◽  
Marcin Stanislawowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Metastatic Potential ◽  
Colorectal Carcinogenesis ◽  
Cancer Tissue ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
High Level

HtrA proteases regulate cellular homeostasis and cell death. Their dysfunctions have been correlated with oncogenesis and response to therapeutic treatment. We investigated the relation between HtrA1-3 expression and clinicopathological, and survival data, as well as the microsatellite status of tumors. Sixty-five colorectal cancer patients were included in the study. The expression of HTRA1-3 was estimated at the mRNA and protein levels by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. Microsatellite status was determined by high-resolution-melting PCR. We found that the HTRA1 mRNA level was higher in colorectal cancer tissue as compared to the unchanged mucosa, specifically in primary lesions of metastasizing cancer. The levels of HtrA1 and HtrA2 proteins were reduced in tumor tissue when compared to unchanged mucosa, specifically in primary lesions of metastasizing disease. Moreover, a decrease in HTRA1 and HTRA2 transcripts’ levels in cancers with a high level of microsatellite instability compared to microsatellite stable ones has been observed. A low level of HtrA1 or/and HtrA2 in cancer tissue correlated with poorer patient survival. The expression of HTRA1 and HTRA2 changes during colorectal carcinogenesis and microsatellite instability may be, at least partially, associated with these changes. The alterations in the HTRA1/2 genes’ expression are connected with metastatic potential of colorectal cancer and may affect patient survival.

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