Assessment of environmental applicability of TiO2 coated self-cleaning glass for photocatalytic degradation of estrone, 17β-estradiol and their byproducts

Optimization of photocatalytic degradation of two natural estrogenic compounds, estrone (E1) and 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) in aqueous medium was performed on TiO2 coated Pilkington ActivTM self-cleaning glass as a novel approach to eliminate free nano-TiO2 releasing to the intended environment after treatment. The active glass was characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy to characterize the TiO2 nanoparticles. The main purposes were mineralization of target compounds in the treated water during the photocatalytic reaction and also to investigate the oxidation by products. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) has been applied to optimize the photocatalytic degradation by changing time, pH, and light intensity as effective factors. According to the results, time was the more effective parameter. The maximum efficiency degradation was achieved in alkaline media. Due to interactive effects between variable factors, 1 mg/L aqueous solution of E1 and 17β-E2 in water was totally decomposed by TiO2 photocatalyzed reactions under UV-C irradiation of 10.08 W/m2 for 52.49 min at pH 9.42. Results of GC-MS analysis were introduced 17-deoxy Estrone and 2-Hydroxyestradiol as intermediate products for E1 and 17β-E2, respectively. All of the peaks finally disappeared after 170 min. Optimized conditions were applied for real sample of wastewater, presenting 30.40% and 56.84% in the efficiency degradation of E1 and 17β-E2, respectively.

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Development and Characterization for Solar Photovoltaic Cell Based on Cu2ZnSn(S0.2Se0.8)4 Thin Film

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters ◽

10.1166/nnl.2020.3119 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 306-316

Author(s):

Sadanand ◽

Pravin Kumar Singh ◽

Pooja Lohia ◽

D. K. Dwivedi ◽

Fahad A. Alharthi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Photovoltaic Cell ◽

Maximum Efficiency ◽

Solar Photovoltaic ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Photovoltaic Solar Cells ◽

Efficient Solar Cell

CZTSSe materials have been studied for a highly efficient solar cell. In this paper, Cu2ZnSn(S0.2Se0.8)4 (CZTSSe) thin film was prepared and its application to photovoltaic solar cells was studied. The CZTSSe thin film was deposited using facile thermal evaporation process and examined by various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman-scattering and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Interestingly, the synthesized CZTSSe thin are exhibiting broad-spectrum absorption. The I–V characteristics were performed to study the photoresponse of CZTSSe nanofilm. By the numerical simulation, the observed maximum efficiency of the fabricated device was ∼16.5%. Therefore, the present study reveals that Cu2ZnSn(S0.2Se0.8)4 thin films could be used as an effective absorber layer for efficient solar cells applications.

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Effects of Substrates Made of Noncrystal and Polycrystal on Photocatalytic Degradation of Basic Crystal Violet

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.356-360.574 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 356-360 ◽

pp. 574-578

Author(s):

Xiao Jing Li ◽

Guan Jun Qiao ◽

Jin Ren Ni

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Photocatalytic Degradation ◽

Crystal Violet ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Sol Gel ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Titanium Dioxide Films ◽

Atomic Force

Nanometer titanium dioxide films supported on glass, quartz, molybdenum, and aluminum were prepared by sol-gel method. The loaded titanium dioxide films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photocatalytic degradation of aqueous crystal violet. The titanium dioxide films supported on different substrates were all composed of polycrystalline nanoparticles, which belonged to single-phase anatase, and displayed different morphology after sintering at 773 K for 1 h. Some elements in the substrate made of noncrystal appeared on the surface of titanium dioxide films. The experiment about basic crystal violet degradation displayed the photocatalysis activity of titanium oxide films supported on the molybdenum was better.

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Novel Solid Silicon Oxycarbide Unmodified Carbon Nanotube Composite Coating: Structure, Topography and Mechanical Properties

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings11080920 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 920

Author(s):

Wiktor Niemiec ◽

Maria Owińska ◽

Anna Ferenc ◽

Michał Szuwarzyński ◽

Elżbieta Długoń

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotube ◽

Dip Coating ◽

Silicon Oxycarbide ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Carbon Nanotube Dispersion ◽

Microscopy Method ◽

Nanotube Dispersion

A silicon oxycarbide-carbon nanotube coating on steel was synthesized using a novel approach utilizing unmodified carbon nanotubes (CNT), silane surfactant and large monomer-based silsesquioxane sol. This enabled the creation of very stable carbon nanotube dispersion, which in turn resulted in homogenous layers obtained in a simple dip-coating process. The samples were annealed in 800 °C in argon to obtain a uniform glassy silicon oxycarbide-based composite from a silsesquioxane precursor. The layers’ morphology and nanomechanical properties were investigated using a number of methods, including infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoindentation, Accelerated Property Mapping (XPM) and Quantitative Nanomechanical Mapping – an Atomic Force Microscopy method (QNM-AFM).

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Preparation of a Super-Hydrophobic and Self-Cleaning Coating for an Anti-Icing Transmission Line

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.593 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 543-547 ◽

pp. 593-595

Author(s):

Yuan Yuan Chen ◽

Jin Gou Ji ◽

Ting Lu

Keyword(s):

Contact Angle ◽

Atomic Force Microscopy ◽

Photocatalytic Degradation ◽

Glass Surface ◽

Adhesive Force ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Hydrophobic Coating ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Filling Method ◽

Self Cleaning

The super-hydrophobic coating with self-cleaning property was prepared by particle-filling method based on nanometer SiO2 (n-SiO2) and TiO2 (n-TiO2) as filler. The surface properties of the coating were tested by contact angle (CA) goniometer and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that the contact angle (CA) of the coating is above 160°. The surface of the coating possesses a natural lotus-like micro-and nanohierarchical structure. The CA is recovered gradually from 85° to 138° with procedure the photocatalytic degradation of the oil pollutant for 7 hours. The adhesive force between the coating and icing decreases about 80% compared with that of bare glass surface and icing.

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Investigation of the Effect of Uv-Assisted Oxidation and Nitridation of Hafnium Metal Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-780-y5.5 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 780 ◽

Author(s):

C. Essary ◽

V. Craciun ◽

J. M. Howard ◽

R. K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Uv Radiation ◽

Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽

Grazing Angle ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Metal Thin Films ◽

X Ray ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Si Substrates ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Silicon Interface

AbstractHf metal thin films were deposited on Si substrates using a pulsed laser deposition technique in vacuum and in ammonia ambients. The films were then oxidized at 400 °C in 300 Torr of O2. Half the samples were oxidized in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a Hg lamp array. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and grazing angle X-ray diffraction were used to compare the crystallinity, roughness, and composition of the films. It has been found that UV radiation causes roughening of the films and also promotes crystallization at lower temperatures.Furthermore, increased silicon oxidation at the interface was noted with the UVirradiated samples and was shown to be in the form of a mixed layer using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Incorporation of nitrogen into the film reduces the oxidation of the silicon interface.

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Low Molecular Weight Microfibers with Light Sensing Properties

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.17.4.4920 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 655-658

Author(s):

Andrei Bejan ◽

Dragos Peptanariu ◽

Bogdan Chiricuta ◽

Elena Bicu ◽

Dalila Belei

Keyword(s):

Molecular Weight ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Aromatic Rings ◽

X Ray ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Light Sensing ◽

Sensing Applications ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Low Molecular Weight Compounds

Microfibers were obtained from organic low molecular weight compounds based on heteroaromatic and aromatic rings connected by aliphatic spacers. The obtaining of microfibers was proved by scanning electron microscopy. The deciphering of the mechanism of microfiber formation has been elucidated by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy measurements. By exciting with light of different wavelength, florescence microscopy revealed a specific optical response, recommending these materials for light sensing applications.

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Structural and Optical Properties of InAsSbBi Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy on Offcut GaSb Substrates

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8060215 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Rajeev R. Kosireddy ◽

Stephen T. Schaefer ◽

Marko S. Milosavljevic ◽

Shane R. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽

Molecular Beam ◽

Optical Quality ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Interface Quality ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Lateral Variations

Three InAsSbBi samples are grown by molecular beam epitaxy at 400 °C on GaSb substrates with three different offcuts: (100) on-axis, (100) offcut 1° toward [011], and (100) offcut 4° toward [011]. The samples are investigated using X-ray diffraction, Nomarski optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The InAsSbBi layers are 210 nm thick, coherently strained, and show no observable defects. The substrate offcut is not observed to influence the structural and interface quality of the samples. Each sample exhibits small lateral variations in the Bi mole fraction, with the largest variation observed in the on-axis growth. Bismuth rich surface droplet features are observed on all samples. The surface droplets are isotropic on the on-axis sample and elongated along the [011¯] step edges on the 1° and 4° offcut samples. No significant change in optical quality with offcut angle is observed.

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Ultrafine metal-polymer catalysts based on polyconjugated systems for Fisher–Tropsch synthesis

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2019-1114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 977-984

Author(s):

Mayya V. Kulikova ◽

Albert B. Kulikov ◽

Alexey E. Kuz’min ◽

Anton L. Maximov

Keyword(s):

Tropsch Synthesis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Fischer Tropsch ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Composite Catalysts ◽

Fe Catalyst ◽

Atomic Force ◽

And Function ◽

Metal Polymer

AbstractFor previously studied Fischer–Tropsch nanosized Fe catalyst slurries, polymer compounds with or without polyconjugating structures are used as precursors to form the catalyst nanomatrix in situ, and several catalytic experiments and X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements are performed. The important and different roles of the paraffin molecules in the slurry medium in the formation and function of composite catalysts with the two types of aforementioned polymer matrices are revealed. In the case of the polyconjugated polymers, the alkanes in the medium are “weakly” coordinated with the metal-polymer composites, which does not affect the effectiveness of the polyconjugated polymers. Otherwise, alkane molecules form a “tight” surface layer around the composite particles, which create transport complications for the reagents and products of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and, in some cases, can change the course of the in situ catalyst formation.

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Influence of Growth Temperature of the Nucleation Layer on the Growth of InP on Si (001)

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9120823 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 823

Author(s):

Shizheng Yang ◽

Hongliang Lv ◽

Likun Ai ◽

Fangkun Tian ◽

Silu Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Temperature ◽

Wafer Level ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Nucleation Layer ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Gas Source ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Growth Method ◽

Step Growth ◽

Microscopy Images

InP layers grown on Si (001) were achieved by the two-step growth method using gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of growth temperature of nucleation layer on InP/Si epitaxial growth were investigated systematically. Cross-section morphology, surface morphology and crystal quality were characterized by scanning electron microscope images, atomic force microscopy images, high-resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD), rocking curves and reciprocal space maps. The InP/Si interface and surface became smoother and the XRD peak intensity was stronger with the nucleation layer grown at 350 °C. The Results show that the growth temperature of InP nucleation layer can significantly affect the growth process of InP film, and the optimal temperature of InP nucleation layer is required to realize a high-quality wafer-level InP layers on Si (001).

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