Institute of Criminal Records and its Legal Consequences

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Алла Гравина ◽  
Alla Gravina ◽  
Наталия Хромова ◽  
Nataliya Khromova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Criminal Conviction ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Legal Consequences

In their research dedicated to the criminal conviction institute and its legal consequences, the authors consider it not only as a criminal legal category but also as a general legal concept. For this purpose the authors analyze the legal nature of conviction and its consequences as a criminal legal category as well as the impact of these consequences on general civil relations, in particular, on labor relations. The authors also investigate the issue of consequences after expunging or cancellation of conviction. They analyze the current Russian law on legal restrictions relating to expunging or cancellation of conviction. On the basis of this analysis the authors draw the conclusion on ambiguity of the imposed restrictions after expunging or cancellation of a conviction and on the occurring conflict of law. For readers’ reference the authors analyze legal initiatives of representatives to State Duma of the Federal Assembly of Russian Federation as well as opinions of competent state authorities in charge of this issue.

Characteristics of convicts serving sentences in correctional institutions of russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 64-74
Author(s):  
Любовь Ильинична Разбирина
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Criminal Policy ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Correctional Facilities ◽  
Correctional Institutions ◽  
Criminal Records ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

В статье приведены данные уголовно-правовой характеристики осужденных, отбывающих наказание в виде лишения свободы в Российской Федерации. Цель исследования заключается в том, чтобы показать влияние изменений в уголовной политике государства на изменение численности осужденных, распределение их в зависимости от квалификации совершенных преступлений, по количеству судимостей, назначенному сроку наказания в виде лишения свободы и по другим показателям. Установлено, что произошли существенные изменения в распределении осужденных в зависимости от числа судимостей и по срокам назначенного судом наказания, в распределении по видам исправительных учреждений. Анализ статистических данных ФСИН России демонстрирует, что в исследуемый период значительно возросла доля женщин, осужденных к лишению свободы, а численность несовершеннолетних осужденных сократилась в несколько раз, существенно возросли доля осужденных за преступления, связанные с незаконным оборотом наркотиков, и численность осужденных на срок наказания свыше 10 лет лишения свободы, а также произошли другие изменения. Знание и учет особенностей уголовно-правовой характеристики осужденных в деятельности научных и практических работников будет способствовать повышению эффективности деятельности уголовно-исполнительной системы в решении задач по исправлению осужденных и предупреждению совершения новых преступлений как осужденными, так и иными лицами, - достижении основных целей уголовно-исполнительного законодательства Российской Федерации. The article presents the data of criminal-legal characteristics of convicts serving a sentence of imprisonment in the Russian Federation. The aim of the study is to show the impact of changes in the criminal policy of the state on changes in the number of convicts, their distribution depending on the qualification of the crimes committed, the number of convictions, the appointed term of imprisonment and other criteria. As a result of the conducted researches it is established that there were essential changes in distribution condemned depending on number of criminal records and on terms of the punishment appointed by court, in distribution by types of correctional facilities and other indicators. The analysis of statistical data of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia reflects the fact that during the study period the proportion of women sentenced to imprisonment increased significantly, and the number of juvenile convicts decreased several times, the proportion of those convicted of crimes related to drug trafficking and the number of those sentenced to more than 10 years of imprisonment, as well as other changes. Knowledge and consideration of the features of the social and legal characteristics of convicts in the activities of researchers and practitioners will contribute to improving the efficiency of the penal system in solving problems of correction of convicts and preventing the Commission of new crimes by both convicts and other persons, which is the main objectives of the Penal legislation of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals THE USE OF ESCROW IN STRUCTURING MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 137-143
Author(s):  
M. G. EROKHINA ◽  
D. R. ARNAUTOV
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law

The paper examines the legal nature and features of escrow agreements (escrow) under Russian and foreign law, as well as the procedure for conducting mergers and acquisitions (M&A — mergers and acquisitions) under anglo-saxon and continental law. It is noted that both Russian entrepreneurs and foreign investors in such contracts prefer foreign law to Russian law due to the uncertainty of legal institutions. The authors analyze the possibility of using the escrow mechanism not only for cash, as it used to be before, but also for other property, in particular, uncertified securities. The paper analyzes amendments to the Civil Code of the Russian Federation which have recently entered into force, introducing chapter 47.1 into the Code. On its basis, the potential possibility of applying an escrow contract to mergers and acquisitions of companies is considered. The authors generally evaluate the effect of the new regulation as positive, but also draw attention to the lack of regulation of the institutions studied in the Russian legal order.

scholarly journals Environmental justification of legal consequences of illegal actions in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Olga Ilyina ◽  
Anatoly Levushkin ◽  
Julia Dronova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Liability ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Minor Children ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Consequences

The issue of alimony obligations enforcement is quite acute in our country. It is necessary to recognize that Russian legislation does not contain effective mechanisms for collecting funds from parents for the maintenance of minor children. The article reveals the legal nature of consequences of non-payment of funds for the maintenance of minor children by their parents from the point of view of ratio of private and public interests in the mechanism of legal regulation. The authors note the prerequisites and limits of shifting the balance of private and public interests in the study of grounds for applying criminal liability measures for non-payment of alimony.

THE SYSTEM OF LEGAL RESTRICTIONS PROVIDED FOR BY THE CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT IN THE FORM OF FORCED LABOR, DEFINING ITS LEGAL ESSENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Сергей Владимирович Расторопов ◽  
Антон Сергеевич Ульянов
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Current System ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Criminal Punishment ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Forensic Scientists ◽  
First Time

В статье рассматриваются некоторые аспекты уголовного наказания в виде принудительных работ. Авторы акцентируют внимание на правоограничениях, предусмотренных сущностью данной меры государственного принуждения. По мнению авторов, именно система правоограничений имеет принципиальное значение в вопросе относимости принудительных работ, предусмотренных ст. 53.1 УК РФ, к категории самостоятельного уголовного наказания, включенного в действующую систему наказаний в Российской Федерации. Все дело в том, что отечественный законодатель в упомянутой уголовно-правовой норме текстуально рассматривает принудительные работы в качестве альтернативы лишению свободы на срок до 5 лет за преступления небольшой или средней тяжести либо за совершение тяжкого преступления впервые, которые к тому же суд не может назначить непосредственно после признания лица виновным в совершении преступления, а лишь в порядке мотивированной замены, сформулированной в обвинительном приговоре. Все это и многое другое дает основание некоторым ученым-криминалистам рассматривать принудительные работы не как самостоятельное уголовное наказание, предусмотренное УК РФ, а как специальную форму реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы. В рамках краткого анализа авторы публикации выделяют совокупность правоограничений, свойственных принудительным работам, показывая его сущность и правовую природу и, исходя из этого, относят принудительные работы к самостоятельному виду уголовного наказания, по праву включенного в отечественную систему наказаний, предусмотренную ст. 44 УК РФ. The article discusses some aspects of criminal punishment in the form of forced labor. The authors focus on the legal restrictions provided by the essence of this measure of state coercion. According to the authors, it is the system of legal restrictions that is of fundamental importance in the issue of the relevance of forced labor under Art. 53.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, to the category of independent criminal punishment included in the current system of punishments in the Russian Federation. The point is that our legislator, in the aforementioned criminal law norm, textually considers forced labor as an alternative to imprisonment for a term of up to 5 years for crimes of small or medium gravity or for committing a serious crime for the first time, which, moreover, the court cannot to appoint immediately after the person is found guilty of a crime, but only in the manner of a reasoned replacement, formulated in the conviction. All this and much more gives reason to some forensic scientists to consider forced labor not as an independent criminal punishment provided for by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, but as a special form of implementation of punishment in the form of imprisonment. As part of a brief analysis, the authors of the publication highlight a set of legal restrictions inherent in forced labor, showing its essence and legal nature and, based on this, classify forced labor as an independent type of criminal punishment, which is rightfully included in the domestic system of punishments provided for in Art. 44 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

ON CONSTRUCT OF THE RIGHT OF PRE-EMPTION IN RESPECT OF PARTICIPATORY INTEREST (SHARES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 94-219
Author(s):  
I.S. CHUPRUNOV
Keyword(s):  
General Rule ◽  
Constitutive Theory ◽  
Freedom Of Contract ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Public Corporation ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
Right Of First Refusal ◽  
The Right

The paper provides analysis of the legal nature and the mechanism for exercise of the right of pre-emption (right of first refusal) in respect of execution of a contract taking as an example of right of first refusal to purchase a stake in a non-public corporation, and also examines the boundaries of parties’ autonomy and freedom of contract in this area. The author comes to the conclusion that the key elements of the construction of the right of pre-emption are the transformation powers that belong to the right holder. The author also demonstrates that, notwithstanding their dominance in Russian law, the views, which suggest that exercise of the right of pre-emption leads to “transfer of rights and obligations of a purchaser” (the translative theory), should be rejected. These views must be replaced with the constitutive theory, according to which exercise of the right of pre-emption results in a new contract between the right holder and the seller (as a general rule, on the same terms that were agreed between the seller and the purchaser).

STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF RAISING THE RETIREMENT AGE ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN THE DIGITAL ECONOMY IN RUSSIA AND EUROPE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Apenko ◽  
◽  
Olga Kiriliuk ◽  
Elena Legchilina ◽  
Tatiana Tsalko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Pension Reform ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
The Impact

The article presents the results of a study of the impact of pension reform in Russia on economic growth and quality of life in a digital economy, taking into account the experience of raising the retirement age in Europe. The aim of the study was to identify and analyze the impact of raising the retirement age on economic growth in the context of the development of digitalization in Russia and a comparative analysis with European countries. Results: the studies conducted allowed us to develop a system of indicators characterizing the impact of raising the retirement age on economic growth and the quality of life of the population in the context of digitalization. The authors found that raising the retirement age leads to a change in labor relations in Russia and Europe. The application of the proposed indicators can be used in the formation of a balanced state socio-economic policy in the field of institutional changes in the field of labor relations and raising the retirement age. The study was carried out under a grant from the RFBR № 19-010-00362 А.

The Random Forest Method in Research of Impact of Macroeconomic Indicators of Regional Development on Informal Employment Rate

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
E. V. Zarova ◽  
E. I. Dubravskaya
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Informal Employment ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Random Forest Method ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

The topic of quantitative research on informal employment has a consistently high relevance both in the Russian Federation and in other countries due to its high dependence on cyclicality and crisis stages in economic dynamics of countries with any level of economic development. Developing effective government policy measures to overcome the negative impact of informal employment requires special attention in theoretical and applied research to assessing the factors and conditions of informal employment in the Russian Federation including at the regional level. Such effects of informal employment as a shortfall in taxes, potential losses in production efficiency, and negative social consequences are a concern for the authorities of the federal and regional levels. Development of quantitative indicators to determine the level of informal employment in the regions, taking into account their specifics in the general spatial and economic system of Russia are necessary to overcome these negative effects. The article proposes and tests methods for solving the problem of assessing the impact of hierarchical relationships on macroeconomic factors at the regional level of informal employment in constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Majority of the works on the study of informal employment are based on basic statistical methods of spatial-dynamic analysis, as well as on the now «traditional» methods of cluster and correlation-regression analysis. Without diminishing the merits of these methods, it should be noted that they are somewhat limited in identifying hidden structural connections and interdependencies in such a complex multidimensional phenomenon as informal employment. In order to substantiate the possibility of overcoming these limitations, the article proposes indicators of regional statistics that directly and indirectly characterize informal employment and also presents the possibilities of using the «random forest» method to identify groups of constituent entities of the Russian Federation that have similar macroeconomic factors of informal employment. The novelty of this method in terms of research objectives is that it allows one to assess the impact of macroeconomic indicators of regional development on the level of informal employment, taking into account the implicit, not predetermined by the initial hypotheses, hierarchical relationships of factor indicators. Based on the generalization of the studies presented in the literature, as well as the authors’ statistical calculations using Rosstat data, the authors came to the conclusion about the high importance of macroeconomic parameters of regional development and systemic relationships of macroeconomic indicators in substantiating the differentiation of the informal level across the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Historical Foundations of Development of the Institution of Employment Contract

2019 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Yuliya Chernenilova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Labor Legislation ◽  
The Russian Federation

This article describes the periods of development of the legal institution of employment contract in Russia. The characteristic features for each of them are defined. The first period was the longest and was marked by develogment of the contract of personal employment as the origin of the modern institution of employment contract. In the second period, the contract of personal employment represented the institution of civil law, and later became the subject of study of the civil law science. At that time the industrial law of the country was forming. A distinctive feature of the third period was the adoption of codified acts, as well as differentiation in the legal regulation of labor relations of temporary and seasonal workers. The fourth period is characterized by changes in state-legal methods of economic management. With the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation labor legislation was assigned to the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects. It is concluded that the adoption of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation necessitates a more accurate study of the problems arising in the application of specific rules of law governing the peculiarities of labor of certain categories of workers (for example, labor relations with persons with disabilities are not yet perfect because of the youth of the labor law), conflict of laws issues arising in practice, contradictions that occur in a huge array of legal documents not only in labor law, but also in other branches of law.

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