microecological and associative structure of intestinal biocenosis  in children with functional gastrointestinal disorders

The article is devoted to one of actual problems of gastroenterology – study of microbiocenosis of gastrointestinal tract in functional disorders. Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) or minimal dysfunctions of digestion are frequent in the first months of child’s life and provoke anxiety both in parents and in pediatricians. Aim: to explore the microbial landscape and the associative structure of the microbiota of the large intestine in children with functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.Subjects and methods: Intestinal microbiota composition of 225 children with functional gastrointestinal disorders and 100 healthy children was studied using bacteriological method.Results. The 88.4 % frequency of detection of intestinal eubiosis disorders is discussed. Information is provided on the species composition of the major opportunistic organisms that inhabit this biotope. According to the results, decrease of bifidobacteria amount in structure of large intestine microbiota increases rate of detection of opportunistic micro-organisms – predominantly, Klebsiella genus bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus. The intestinal microbial community is dominated by multicomponent transient association. The frequency of detection of pathogenic Staphylococcus in children under one year is discussed in detail.Conclusions. A distinctive feature of the intestinal biocenosis microecological status is significantly greater spread of enterococci than in healthy children, which can be a risk for the emergence of strains with the presence of a number of pathogenecity factors that cause infectious processes.

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Calprotectin (S100 A8/A9) and TNF-alpha in differential diagnosis of chronic abdominal pain in children

Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7957 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 5-10

Author(s):

Stanisław Pieczarkowski ◽

Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga ◽

Andrzej Wędrychowicz ◽

Krzysztof Fyderek ◽

Przemko Kwinta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Abdominal Pain ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Fecal Calprotectin ◽

Chronic Abdominal Pain ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Inflammatory Bowel

Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain in children is a very frequent and sometimes challenging diagnostic issue. Differential diagnosis in that cases is difficult and often connected with numerous, time-consuming, expensive, and frequently stressful diagnostic studies. The aim of the study was to establish whether fecal calprotectin concentration (FCC) and TNF-alpha may be useful in children with chronic abdominal pain to differentiate between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Methods. The study included patients (median age 13 years), who were assigned to functional gastrointestinal disorders group (n=33); inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders other than IBD (n=71), children with IBD (n=37) and 22 healthy children served as a control group. The concertation of FCC and TNF-alpha in stool samples was measured using ELISA. Results: In healthy children and in children with functional disorders FCCs were below 100 μg/g. In patients with IBD FCCs and TNF-alpha were markedly elevated as compare to children with functional gastrointestinal disorders, however using ROC discrimination of IBD patients was significantly better using FCC than TNF-alpha. Conclusion: FCC is better test for differentiation between IBD, other inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, and functional gastrointestinal disorders as compare to TNF-alpha concentration in stool. FCC as screening test in patients with chronic abdominal pain should allow to diminish unnecessary diagnostic in cases of functional gastrointestinal disorders.

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Ultrasonic System for Diagnosis of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: Development, Verification and Clinical Trials

ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices ◽

10.1115/biomed2007-38030 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Q. J. Lee ◽

W. P. Park ◽

D. Lim ◽

D. G. Woo ◽

C. Y. Ko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Gastrointestinal Tract ◽

Research Group ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Healthy People ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Ultrasonic Technique ◽

Functional Disorders

The number of people who are suffering from Functional gastrointestinal disorders is increasing. There are, however, rare diagnostic methods for the functional gastrointestinal disorders because functional disorders show no evidence of organic and physical causes [1, 2]. Recently our research group identified that the gastrointestinal tract well in the patients with the functional gastrointestinal disorders is more rigid than healthy people. we noticed it with palpating the abdominal regions overlaying the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore we developed a system to detect the rigid organs with ultrasonic technique, which can quantify the characteristic above related to the rigidity of the gastrointestinal tract well.

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Management of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. Focus on restoring intestinal microenvironment and motility

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-1-125-132 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 125-132

Author(s):

Andrey A. Ipatov ◽

Maria G. Ipatova

Keyword(s):

Digestive Tract ◽

Intellectual Development ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Visceral Hypersensitivity ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Functional Disorders ◽

Metabolic Disturbances ◽

Functional Abdominal Pain

Functional gastrointestinal disorders in children are one of the most common reasons why parents visit a pediatrician. Functional gastrointestinal disorders include various persistent combinations of chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms in the absence of any organic pathology in the gastrointestinal tract (structural abnormalities, inflammatory changes, infections, or tumours) and metabolic disturbances. The article presents details on the mechanisms of development, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria and approaches to the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Clinical manifestations of functional gastrointestinal disorders vary depending on age and characteristics of physical and intellectual development. In more than half of children, they are observed in various combinations, less often as one isolated symptom. The drug therapy should consider the main components of pathogenesis and facilitate the solution of the following issues: improvement of digestion; restoration of intestinal microenvironment and motility; reduction of visceral hypersensitivity. Special attention is paid to the management of motor disorders and restoration of intestinal microenvironment using symbiotics. When choosing a supplement, it is advisable to focus on the composition of probiotic strains, which should comply with the WGO global guidelines (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, etc.).Prescription of peripheral δ-, μ- и κ-receptor agonists – trimebutine and pre- and probiotics combinations to children with functional gastrointestinal disorders results in decreased signs of functional disorders of the digestive tract. By acting on the enkephalinergic system, trimebutine regulates the bowel activity, improves motility, and reduces visceral hypersensitivity. Trimebutine is included in the Russian guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of functional disorders of the digestive tract in children, as well as in the clinical guidelines for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and functional abdominal pain.

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Colombian School Children With Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Respond Differently to Family Stress Than Healthy Children

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition ◽

10.1097/mpg.0000000000002219 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. e58-e61

Author(s):

Peter L. Lu ◽

Puck J.J. Blom ◽

Qian Qian ◽

Carlos A. Velasco-Benítez ◽

Marc A. Benninga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Family Stress ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Healthy Children

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Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Migrainous Children: Efficacy of Flunarizine

Cephalalgia ◽

10.1111/j.1468-2982.2006.01196.x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (10) ◽

pp. 1214-1219 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G Boccia ◽

E Del Giudice ◽

AF Crisanti ◽

C Strisciuglio ◽

A Romano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Mean Frequency ◽

Gastric Emptying Time ◽

Symptom History ◽

The Mean ◽

Real Time Ultrasonography

The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in children with migraine headache and the effects of flunarizine on gastrointestinal manifestations. We studied 50 migrainous children (mean age 8.63 years). The clinical pattern and the diagnosis of FGIDs were obtained from structured questionnaires. All subjects underwent measurement of total gastric emptying time (TGEt) performed by real-time ultrasonography of the gastric antrum at baseline (T0). In the second part of the study, we evaluated 10 migrainous children (mean age 9.8 years) with associated FGIDs. In these 10 patients, repeated TGEt evaluation together with a detailed symptom history was obtained after 1 (T1) and 2 months (T2) of treatment with flunarizine. Control groups were composed of 10 migrainous children without FGIDs (mean age 9.2 years) and nine sex- and age-matched healthy children. Gastrointestinal disorders were present in 70% of the patients. Migrainous children with FGIDs had significantly ( P < 0.01) more prolonged TGEt than subjects without FGIDs. Prior to therapy, all migrainous children with FGIDs had prolongation of TGEt compared with controls ( P < 0.05). Patients on flunarizine had a significant decrease in TGEt at both 1 ( P < 0.01) and 2 months ( P = 0.002) of therapy. The mean frequency of abdominal pain per month was significantly ( P < 0.001) reduced at T1 compared with T0. The mean frequency of vomiting per month was significantly decreased at T1 ( P < 0.05) and even more so at T2 ( P < 0.01). Finally, the mean frequency of headache per month was significantly reduced only at T2 ( P < 0.05), whereas the mean duration of headache was significantly decreased at T1 ( P < 0.01) with no difference between T1 and T2. Most children with migraine report FGIDs, associated with a delayed gastric emptying. Flunarizine decreases the frequency and duration of migrainous episodes as well as the gastrointestinal symptoms.

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Diagnostic Value of Fecal Calprotectin (S100 A8/A9) Test in Children with Chronic Abdominal Pain

Gastroenterology Research and Practice ◽

10.1155/2016/8089217 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stanisław Pieczarkowski ◽

Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga ◽

Przemko Kwinta ◽

Przemysław Tomasik ◽

Andrzej Wędrychowicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Fecal Calprotectin ◽

Chronic Abdominal Pain ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Children ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objectives. The aim of the study was to establish whether fecal calprotectin concentration (FCC) may be useful in children with chronic abdominal pain to differentiate between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Methods. The study included 163 patients (median age 13 years), who were assigned to four study groups: group 0 (control), 22 healthy children; group 1, 33 children with functional gastrointestinal disorders; group 2, 71 children with inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders other than IBD; group 3, 37 children with IBD. FCC was measured using ELISA assay. Results. In group 0 and group 1 FCCs were below 100 μg/g. Low FCCs were found in 91% of patients in group 2. In patients with IBD FCCs were markedly elevated with median value of 1191.5 μg/g. However, in children with inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders other than IBD and in children with IBD mean FCCs were significantly higher compared with the control group. Significant differences in FCCs were also found between group 1 and group 2, between group 1 and group 3, and between group 2 and group 3. Conclusion. FCC is the best parameter allowing for differentiation between IBD, other inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, and functional gastrointestinal disorders. High FCC is associated with a high probability of IBD and/or other inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, and it allows excluding functional gastrointestinal disorders.

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Gut-Brain-Microbiota Axis: Antibiotics and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13020389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 389

Author(s):

Tarkan Karakan ◽

Ceren Ozkul ◽

Esra Küpeli Akkol ◽

Saniye Bilici ◽

Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiota ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Microbiota Composition ◽

Functional Disorders ◽

Visceral Hyperalgesia ◽

Brain Functions ◽

Gut Microbiota Composition

Gut microbiota composition and function are major areas of research for functional gastrointestinal disorders. There is a connection between gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system and this is mediated by neurotransmitters, inflammatory cytokines, the vagus nerve and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Functional gastrointestinal disorders are prevalent diseases affecting more than one third of the population. The etiology of these disorders is not clarified. Visceral hyperalgesia is the main hypothesis for explaining clinical symptoms, however gut-brain axis disorder is a new terminology for functional disorders. In this review, microbiota-gut-brain axis connection pathways and related disorders are discussed. Antibiotics are widely used in developed countries and recent evidence indicates antibiotic-induced dysbiosis as an important factor for functional disorders. Antibiotics exert negative effects on gut microbiota composition and functions. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis is a major factor for occurrence of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Cognitive and mood disorders are also frequent in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Animal and human trials show strong evidence for the causal relationship between gut microbiota and brain functions. Therapeutic implications of these newly defined pathogenic pathways are also discussed.

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The Role of Disaccharidase Deficiencies in Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10121835 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1835 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mora Puertolas ◽

Amanda Fifi

Keyword(s):

Abdominal Pain ◽

Scientific Literature ◽

Diarrheal Disease ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Pain Disorder ◽

Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽

Functional Disorders ◽

Functional Abdominal Pain ◽

Pediatric Populations

Disaccharidase deficiencies are reportedly underdiagnosed in pediatric populations. Though typically thought to cause diarrheal disease, they can also be a cause of abdominal pain and dyspepsia, and patients diagnosed with these functional disorders may actually have associated enzyme deficiencies. While the effects of lactose deficiency have been widely studied, sucrase, maltase, and isomaltase are less frequently considered when approaching a patient with an apparent functional abdominal pain disorder. This review seeks to provide an up-to-date narrative on the current scientific literature on the possible role of sucrase, maltase, and isomaltase deficiency in pediatric functional gastrointestinal disorders.

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