MAIN FACTORS OF CROP FORMATION OF FESCUE SEEDS ON GRAY FOREST SOILS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN

10.12737/3831 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Трофимов ◽  
Nikolay Trofimov ◽  
Сафиоллин ◽  
Faik Safiollin ◽  
Миннуллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
The Republic

The basis of biological farming is expanding the acreage of perennial grasses, which in the coming years should occupy at least 25% of the arable land of our Republic instead of 18-20% currently. To solve this problem annually more than 9 thousands tons of seeds of perennial grasses is reguired, including meadow fescue 0.7 thousands tons. The study revealed that despite the higher production costs of the two-phase method of harvesting and threshing, the profitability of seed production is higher to 7-21%, than the direct harvesting. In traditional two-phase harvesting (mowing in rolls, then threshing rolls), and seed moisture content of 12-14%, the loss of biological crop production reduces by almost twice, comparing with direct harvesting, but it is inferior to in two-phase threshing. The reason is very simple, the fescue panicles on the top reach harvest maturity faster, than the on the bottom. In the case of rainfall, they crumble, which is clearly manifested in the growth of grain dropping after threshing rolls. The each hectare of investigated variants of meadow fescue brings about 10-12 thousand rubles of net profit. Thus, in order to obtain from each hectare of crop 380-400 kg of low-cost uncoated, it is recommended to sow it with row spacing of 30 cm and organize two-phase threshing of harvest.

Change of physical and chemical properties of grey forest soil of Tatarstan agrocenosis under the influence of Alfalfa cultivated on different mineral nutrition backgrounds

10.12737/1382 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-143
Author(s):  
Сочнева ◽  
Svetlana Sochneva ◽  
Миннулин ◽  
Genadiy Minnulin ◽  
Сафиоллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

In the world more than 100 types of crops are cultivated on the fodder purposes, including perennial grasses, corn, fodder and forage crops account, which provides about 70% of the livestock’s necessity. Among the perennial grasses, the leading position, both in areas under crops and the yield, is alfalfa crop, which is grown in 165 countries around the world according to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, especially in the countries of Americas (20-25 million hectares). Furthermore, the palatability ratio of green and dry alfalfa is significantly higher, compared to other legumes perennial grasses. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of alfalfa forage production in the modern forage production. This paper presents the current issues of growing alfalfa on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition. In our country its acreage needs to be expanded to 350 hectares (40% of the acreage of perennial grasses), because the farming biologization without the inclusion this crop in the field, forage and farms crop rotation is theoretically impossible and not feasible. In order to obtain the high biomass of at least 23 tons per hectare and agriculture biologization on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan we recommend to cultivate alfalfa mixed with awnless rump and meadow fescue in the ratio of 0,70:0,15:0,15. In households with high use of chemicals so that to obtain for more than 36 tons per hectare of green herbage mass in polyspecific grasses, it should prevail crop components (awnless rump and meadow fescue), which are in a leading position, according to the impact on the agro biological properties of the soil of Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan.

scholarly journals Economics of soil erosion: case study of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-41
Author(s):  
Anatolii Kucher ◽  
Lesia Kucher ◽  
Inna Sysoieva ◽  
Borys Pohrishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Econometric Modeling

Purpose. The main objective of this paper is (і) to determinate the economic loss due to crop productivity loss caused by soil erosion in Ukraine, and (іі) to present the results of the econometric modeling of soil erosion impact on the efficiency crop production at the regional and district level. Methodology / approach. This study uses the following methods: expert assessments and monographic (for the assessment of economic losses due to crop productivity loss from spreading soil erosion); graphical (for building three-dimensional graphs); econometric modeling (to develop a mathematical model of the dependence of the gross crop production and income from sales per 100 hectares from the share of eroded arable land in its total area and production costs in crop industry per 100 hectares); abstract-and-logical (for generalization of the research results). To solve the assigned tasks, linear and quadratic econometric models (production functions) were developed using a dataset (і) from 168 observations (on the example of Ukrainian regions for 2010–2016) and (ii) from 189 observations (on the example of districts of Kharkiv region for 2010–2016). This study was conducted in order to test the hypothesis that the increase in the area of eroded arable land has a negative effect on the gross output of crop production. Results. Our expert assessment of economic losses due to crop productivity loss from spread of soil erosion on agricultural land in Ukraine is 224 mln USD. The obtained results confirm the hypothesis about the negative relationship between gross crop output and the level of land erosion. The obtained data confirm that an increase in the area of eroded arable land by 1 % leads to a decrease in the gross output of crop production by 0.20 % per 100 hectares of agricultural land in total, and in the third group of the studied subjects (the share of eroded arable land in their total area is more than 50 %) – by 0.61 %, respectively. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, linear and nonlinear (quadratic) econometric models were developed, which made it possible to carry out quantitative assessment of the impact of the soil erosion and the financial support (production costs in crop industry) per hectare on the formation of the financial results (gross crop output and income) of business entities in Ukrainian agriculture. The provision on the economics of soil erosion was further developed in terms of expert assessment of losses from this type of degradation and confirmation of the effect of the economic law of diminishing returns, which should be taken into account when developing measures for sustainable land management. Practical value / implications. The main results of the study can be used for the development, substantiation and implementation of soil protection measures for the sustainable use of agricultural land and/or to informed decision-making at different levels of management concerning restoration of eroded land.

The quality of pork according to the back fat thickness

10.12737/1384 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Пинчук ◽  
Viktor Pinchuk ◽  
Рябичева ◽  
Angelina Ryabicheva ◽  
Стрельцов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

In the world more than 100 types of crops are cultivated on the fodder purposes, including perennial grasses, corn, fodder and forage crops account, which provides about 70% of the livestock’s necessity. Among the perennial grasses, the leading position, both in areas under crops and the yield, is alfalfa crop, which is grown in 165 countries around the world according to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, especially in the countries of Americas (20-25 million hectares). Furthermore, the palatability ratio of green and dry alfalfa is significantly higher, compared to other legumes perennial grasses. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of alfalfa forage production in the modern forage production. This paper presents the current issues of growing alfalfa on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition. In our country its acreage needs to be expanded to 350 hectares (40% of the acreage of perennial grasses), because the farming biologization without the inclusion this crop in the field, forage and farms crop rotation is theoretically impossible and not feasible. In order to obtain the high biomass of at least 23 tons per hectare and agriculture biologization on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan we recommend to cultivate alfalfa mixed with awnless rump and meadow fescue in the ratio of 0,70:0,15:0,15. In households with high use of chemicals so that to obtain for more than 36 tons per hectare of green herbage mass in polyspecific grasses, it should prevail crop components (awnless rump and meadow fescue), which are in a leading position, according to the impact on the agro biological properties of the soil of Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan.

scholarly journals Documentary support of the agricultural producer

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Stafievskaya ◽  
Nadezhda Kurochkinа
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
Agricultural Organizations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
The Cost

One of the significant management functions today is financial accounting. Today, farmers can independently develop primary accounting documents that would meet the requirements of legislation and internal management. The presence of workflow is an important information source for the management process. Timely information on the costs incurred is generated in the field of primary accounting as an information system for all accounting subsystems (tax, management, financial). Today, the list of primary documents is extensive, presented in unified and specialized forms, however, farmers feel the problem of establishing accurate and efficient exchange of information within the enterprise units. The article provides a critical analysis of the current standard forms of primary accounting documents used by agricultural organizations to account for costs at the present stage. The object of the study was the activity of agricultural enterprises of the Republic of Mari El. The subject of the study is the documentary support of the production and sale of agricultural products, the performance of work in crop production. This study is based on the application of methods of deduction, induction, information analysis. The analysis made it possible to identify the main shortcomings in documenting operations related to the implementation of agricultural work and to develop recommendations for their elimination. The scientific novelty is the author's recommendations on improving the primary accounting for the agricultural producer. The implementation of the proposed recommendations in the practice of accounting for agricultural organizations of the Mari El Republic will allow: • simplify the initial accounting of production costs by reducing the number of primary accounting documents; • reduce the cost of working time to prepare information about the costs for the management of organizations; • increase the reliability and efficiency of the information received on the magnitude of the costs incurred and the cost of agricultural products.

scholarly journals Assessment of water and land resources of Azerbaijan

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Aliev Z.G. ◽  
Karimova H.
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Land Resources ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Traditional Irrigation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Total Turnover ◽  
Agriculture Water

In the article the problems of assessment of water are concidered according to land resources of Azerbaijan. The authors note that currently in the country out of the total turnover of the land displays a wide area unsuitable for agricultural production due to the construction of individual buildings and structures, elevation of groundwater level, the development of various types of erosion and for other reasons. So, one person in 1959 had 0.36 ha of arable land, 1970 – 0.23 ha in 1979 – 0.21 hectares, in 2006 dropped to 0.155 hectares currently, more than 42.8% of the whole territory of the Republic (70...85 % in some regions) is exposed to various erosive processes. A critical question is the availability suitable for agriculture water resources. By estimations of authors of the water resources of the country amount to 32.5 billion m3, and in dry years this figure is reduced to of 23.16 billion m3. The results of the study revealed that up to 96 % of irrigated land is watered mainly traditional irrigation methods (furrow and overlap, superficial way), and in other ways with the use of low-intensity progressive water saving technologies of irrigation systems with up to 5 % of the total irrigated land. According to the researches, in 2020 the total annual value of water resources per capita in Azerbaijan will be 2 times less than in Armenia, and 7 times less than in Georgia. It is proposed to increase the efficiency of agricultural production in the production unit of crop production from use of water resources by the year 2025 at the level of 1 kg/m3 and 1.5 kg/m3 by 2050.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effect of Perennial Energy Crops and Agricultural Crops on Weed Flora Diversity

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Mariusz Matyka ◽  
Mariola Staniak
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Perennial Energy Crops ◽  
The Impact

The cultivation of perennial energy crops is a new agricultural system and so there is limited information available on its effects on biodiversity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the cultivation of energy crops on the diversity of weed flora and to compare this diversity with that found in crop production systems on arable land. The best habitats for weed flora were created by willow (Salix viminalis), poplar (Populus sp.), false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), and perennial grasses (25–30 species), with the exception of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) (20 species). The lowest diversity and abundance of weed flora were observed on plantations of Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Weed communities in energy crops included more perennial species (by 11%), ruderal species (by 10%), and those typical for grassland (by 7%) and forests (by 4%), in comparison to arable land. The plantations of energy plants promoted an increase in the density of the invasive species Solidago gigantea (from 1.9 to 6.3 plants m−2 over six years). The introduction of perennial energy crops into an agricultural landscape causes quantitative and qualitative changes in weed flora communities and, therefore, control of the spread of some non-native and invasive species is needed.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF NUTRITION BACKGROUND AND SURFACE IMPROVEMENT METHODS ON PRODUCTIVITY OF FLOODPLAIN MEADOWS OF MIDDLE VOLGA STEPPE REGION

2017 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Хисматуллин ◽  
Marsel Khismatullin ◽  
Сафиоллин ◽  
Faik Safiollin ◽  
Миннуллин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Production Test ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Mineralization Of Organic Matter ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Major Nutrients ◽  
Surface Improvement

Low-cost technologies to improve floodplain meadows, based on maximum use of renewable factors, combined with a moderate inclusion in the manufacturing process non-renewable sources of anthropogenic energy are relevant. The purpose of the study – development of technology of surface improvement of flood meadows in combination with optimization of the backgrounds of mineral nutrition. Studies conducted in the last 5 years in the Republic of Tatarstan in the Central part of the floodplain of the river IK. Production test results of research carried out in 2015-2016 in the area of 60 hectares. The studies were carried out with guns (factor a): BD-4 (disc header), the Communist party and 5.4 (universal cultivator-cultivator with pin harrows, and spring rollers). As control was carried out direct reseeding of perennial grasses in single-disc sod seeder Sz-3,6. The field experiment was conducted on 4 backgrounds of mineral nutrition (Factor B): control (without fertilizers), the estimated dose NPK of 25, 30 and 35 t/ha of green mass. The developed technology of surface improvement of flood plains of, increase the productivity of floodplain meadows in 1.5-2.0 times, due to the improvement of water-physical soil properties, enhance biological processes, increasing density of the sward (in 1,3-1,4 times in comparison with direct sowing of grass seeds in sod without tillage), improvement of participation of alfalfa (from 8-16 to 26-28%) and improving levels of nutrition herbs. Consumption of phosphorus is increasing 1.4-1.5%, potassium 1.5-1.7 times and calcium is 2.1-2.3 times due to both mineralization of organic matter in the sod, and application of mineral fertilizers on the planned yield of green mass of 25-30 t/ha. However, because of the high cost of major nutrients (20-25 thousand RUB./t) variant on the planned yield of biomass improved flood meadows 35 t/ha return on investment is drastically reduced.

scholarly journals Research of Balance of Forces Affecting on the Grain Between Cylindrical Rolls of Small-Size Feed Mincing Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Gulnara Mamadova
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Grinding Method ◽  
Maturity Period ◽  
Great Relevance ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Balance Of Forces

The conducted research is devoted to the study of the balance of forces affecting on the grain between cylindrical rolls of the small-size feed mincing unit used in farming enterprises. It is established that substantiation of design and process parameters of the feed mincing units, plotting the analytical dependences and solution of process tasks are among the most important factors in manufacture of various versions of the unit. Using the obtained analytical solutions increase the efficiency of the works performed in this field. Recently, in the countries where the grain is harvested using the two-phase method, it is performed during the milk maturity period by pressing with special grinding machines immediately in the field, adding the conserving agent, preserving, packing into polyethylene bags, and then storing tight during winter. It is proven that the production costs for such nutritive grain feed reduce by 30% in contrast to the usual method. The grain stored in such a way is taken out of the grain bags and used directly for feeding the animals. The research work aimed at substantiation of design and process parameters of the small-size, low energy-intensive units for feed oakum production functioning on the basis of the grinding method in the conditions of farming enterprise is of great relevance. The work purpose is to study the balance of forces affecting on the grain between cylindrical rolls of the small-size feed mincing unit.

Crop rotations with clover and their productivity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Gladysheva ◽  
Oksana Artyuhova ◽  
Vera Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Field Crop ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of long-term research in experiments with crop rotations with different clover saturation are presented. It is shown that the cluster has a positive effect on the main indicators of vegetation of dark-gray forest soil. The introduction of two fields of perennial grasses into the six-field crop rotation significantly increases both the humus reserves and increases the productivity of arable land by 1.5–2 times compared to the crop rotation with a field of pure steam.

Peristaltic Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid flow and mixed heat transfer analysis in an asymmetric vertical and tapered wavy wall channel

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hatami ◽  
◽  
D Jing ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Weissenberg Number ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Heat Transfer Analysis ◽  
Phase Method ◽  
Nanofluid Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Nanoparticles Concentration ◽  
The Right

In this study, two-phase asymmetric peristaltic Carreau-Yasuda nanofluid flow in a vertical and tapered wavy channel is demonstrated and the mixed heat transfer analysis is considered for it. For the modeling, two-phase method is considered to be able to study the nanoparticles concentration as a separate phase. Also it is assumed that peristaltic waves travel along X-axis at a constant speed, c. Furthermore, constant temperatures and constant nanoparticle concentrations are considered for both, left and right walls. This study aims at an analytical solution of the problem by means of least square method (LSM) using the Maple 15.0 mathematical software. Numerical outcomes will be compared. Finally, the effects of most important parameters (Weissenberg number, Prandtl number, Brownian motion parameter, thermophoresis parameter, local temperature and nanoparticle Grashof numbers) on the velocities, temperature and nanoparticles concentration functions are presented. As an important outcome, on the left side of the channel, increasing the Grashof numbers leads to a reduction in velocity profiles, while on the right side, it is the other way around.

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