Development of nanosized catalysts for processing synthesis gas to methanol

Conversion of carbon dioxide into chemical waste-free feedstock (carbonates, cyclocarbonates, synthesis gas) requires the use of a two-stage reaction (conversion of carbon monoxide under pressure, followed by purification of the converted gas from carbon dioxide with hot potash or monoethanolamine and removal of residual carbon oxides by catalytic hydrogenation) of the reaction. The main problem with this transformation is that, for energetic reasons, these reactions are difficult to coordinate with each other. To ensure the compatibility of the processes from a thermodynamic point of view, appropriate nanocatalysts are needed to obtain a useful product in the course of the reactions. The authors carried out field tests of various catalysts, discovered the compatibility of the reaction with two catalysts with the required properties: a copper compound for the first stage of the reaction and a compound of zinc oxide for the second stage, and also demonstrated the feasibility of this reaction using phenylethylene contained in a hydrocarbon compound. The numerous processes that can be used to produce methanol can be divided into three categories: indirect, direct, and biofuel. Indirect conversion is widespread throughout the world. This conversion takes place in a process in which biomass, coal or natural gas is converted to a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide known as synthesis gas. The syngas is converted to methanol using a variety of conversion methods. Research on the development and improvement of nanocatalysts for the chemical processing of carbon dioxide into methanol has been carried out. An algorithm has been developed for modeling the composition, structure, and properties of nanocatalysts, and a number of new compounds have been synthesized that are capable of retaining cations with different oxidation states and sizes in the crystal lattice. Work has been carried out to improve nanocatalysts based on nickel for deep methanol hydrotreating.

Analysis of the system for supporting investment projects in the sphere of processing and disposal of waste existing in Russia

In modern conditions, the problem of processing and disposal of household and industrial waste, both for the Russian Federation and most countries of the world, extremely aggravated and requires new approaches to its solution. The purpose of the submitted article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the system of supporting investment projects in the Russian Federation in the field of processing and disposal of waste. The methodology of the analysis was based on the assessment of the effectiveness of the measures taken in terms of the management of production and consumption waste in the Russian Federation, including a comprehensive study and generalization of existing support measures in the field of waste management and disposal, including those provided by the public law company for the formation of an integrated system of solid municipal waste management «Russian Environmental Operator». The authors summarized the dynamics of education, disposal, disposal and disposal of production waste and consumption in the Russian Federation in 2010-2020. Investment tools are systematized, which have the right to use a public-legal company for the formation of a comprehensive system for the treatment of solid communal waste "Russian ecological operator". The analysis carried out in the course of the study showed that the sphere of solid municipal waste management in Russia is characterized by the presence of many shortcomings and high risks of the implementation of the federal project «Integrated System of Solid Municipal Waste Management», as well as a low level of attraction of private investments in the industry due to high risks implementation of investment projects in the studied area. Conclusions and analytical generalizations made according to the results of the study can be applied in practice during the substantiation and introduction of optimal mechanisms for the support of investment projects in the field of processing and disposal of waste, taking into account the developed hikes to their typing and specification.

Role of optical illusions and acoustic effects in the city architecture and the assessment of their impact on human

The modern person spends the most part of time in the urban environment. Any environment influences human. At the moment, the issue of psychological impact of architecture on people is especially topical. The analysis of the foreign and domestic developments and research, describing the influence of urban development, architecture of buildings and the interior of rooms in terms of architecture psychology is presented in the article. The authors studied the phenomenon of architecture psychology during the research as well as the main methods of psychological influence, characteristic of architecture, and methods of their realization in practice. The research concerns the optical illusions and acoustic effects in architecture objects, having the largest potential as instruments of psychological impact on human. The authors of the article developed classification of optical illusions by the purposes of their use and the nature of origin during the research. The most striking examples of the use of optical illusions and acoustic effects in already existing buildings and structures are reviewed in the article. The main design methods of the similar phenomena are also provided. The negative impact of noise pollution is also considered in the work besides the positive impact of sound on human. Its sources and measures, directed to the decrease in negative noise impact, are also described. The principles of the creation of positive sound influence in architecture were studied. The extent of impact of these architectural acceptances on psychological state of human is revealed as the result. According to that the conclusions are drawn on the need of taking into account of psychological influence of objects of architecture at the design stage.

The interactive model for automatic calculation of the well cluster construction complex cost

Currently, companies are consuming transitions to the development of the difficult oil and gas fields. The difficulty implies factors: features of geological conditions, remote geographic location, features of the relief. The development of new oil and gas fields requires design approaches that ensure maximum profitability on complex assets. One of the promising development options is the digitalization and automation of design processes. The paper proposes a new approach to assessing capital costs when designing well pads in the field. A new method is proposed for calculating costs and restrictions at the stage of resources for optimizing a well pad, taking into account detailed topography and resource availability through digitalization and automation. The problem was solved using an interactive ontological model with built-in knowledge bases and calculation algorithms. The model was tested at the field, the possible risks of using the model were assessed, and sufficient accuracy of the obtained values was obtained. The results of the work make it possible to improve the stage of optimization of the well pad, taking into account the costs of resources: drilling, engineering preparation, backfilling of the road, supply of communications, availability of resources and unforeseen costs. The work supports the trends of digitalization and technological processes and business processes. The developed model made it possible to digitize the stage of optimizing the location of the well pad, to automate the multifactor calculation of costs and restrictions. The results make the possible full automation for definition well pad placement, later on, taking into account detailed topography and resource availability.

Increasing gold recovery from poor ore using gravity

The article discusses the issues of increasing the efficiency of extraction of gold-bearing ores from poor ores using gravity using combined geotechnologies at the Sigiri mine (Republic of Guinea). Gravity Recoverable Gold (GRG) is defined as gold present in a particle in sufficient quantities to be selectively recovered from waste rock by gravity methods. Since Guinea is one of the ten leaders among the countries of the African continent in terms of gold reserves (2019 — 700,000 tons), it should be taken into account that the complex of measures for ore processing includes crushing modules interconnected during the technological process, grinding-gravity module, flotation module and metallurgical a module that affects the solution of the problem of integrated development of subsoil in the generally accepted understanding and this is the maximum extraction of recorded reserves from the subsoil and useful components from mined ore. The author presents the influence of the centrifugal concentrator Nelson (Knelson) on increasing the degree of gold recovery from gold-bearing poor ores under high climatic conditions. Increase in gold production by the GRG test method due to the destruction of the ore structure and a significant decrease in density, as well as an increase in the opening of minerals using gravity up to 63 %. Thus, the optimization is classified as medium-coarse gold.

Directions for improving logistics activities in Russia in the imperative of developing export potential

The expansion of international trade and the dynamism of the geography of foreign trade operations are pushing for the transformation of the transport and logistics system of foreign economic activity. The current stage of development of the world economy highlights the country's transport and logistics system as a key factor of competition in world markets, which entails a confrontation between national states for the formation/participation, for example, of transit routes for the movement of goods. In these conditions, the objects of transport and logistics infrastructure, the degree of their development, and the dynamics of investment are of exceptional importance. In this area, Russia lags behind the advanced economically developed and developing countries, and the volume of investment is significantly lower than many economies in the world. In this regard, there is an opinion in the scientific community that the logistics of foreign trade in Russia without forced growth can become a deterrent to the development of the country's export potential. As a result of the study, it was identified as relatively insufficient (in accordance with international standards) the cost of logistics infrastructure facilities, as well as a limited amount of investment, which is a key factor constraining the development of the industry. In addition to the above, there is a shortage of competent personnel in this area, and it is also necessary to improve the system of training of relevant employees. As a result, as of 2018, Russia ranked only 75th (out of 160 countries) in the world in the Logistics Performance Index (LPI) rating, which, despite the dynamics, is extremely low for a state with wide export and transit opportunities. In the second part of the paper, the main ways of developing Russia's export potential through improving transport and logistics activities are formulated. Among all areas, special attention should be paid to the processes of investing in the creation or modernization of logistics infrastructure facilities through the formation of a financing system based on public-private partnership mechanisms. In this aspect, it is extremely important to develop both the state mechanism of digital traceability of the movement of goods in the transport chains, and private ones. At the same time, from the position of the state, efforts should be directed to the transformation of the business environment in the vector of barrier-free conditions.

Selection of mixtures for 3D printing

Currently, the construction industry needs to reduce material and technical, energy, labor, and as a result, financial costs, reduce the risk of injury in the production process and improve the quality of finished products through mechanization and automation, increases interest in the possibilities of additive technologies in the construction of structures of buildings and structures. Every year, the volume of work on the construction of objects using 3D technologies is growing quite intensively and this is becoming more and more relevant. The high rate of construction, the lack of decking, the reduction of the possibility of design deviations, thanks to the accuracy of the 3D printer, the widespread use of curved structures, which allows not only to reduce stress, but also to increase the level of stylistic quality, all this creates a demand for additive technologies. This article presents the results of experiments that allow us to continue the development in the field of optimizing the composition of building mixes in experimental construction with the use of 3D printing, since in the Russian Federation, a direction in the field of research of building materials for additive technologies is emerging. This article presents the results of optimizing the composition of building mixes used for additive technologies for the Lipetsk region, since it includes blast furnace slag, which is a by-product of PJSC Novolipetsk Metallurgical Combine. As a result of tests of the concrete mixture, it was found that the density is 1940.3 kg/m3, the setting time: the beginning — 3 hours 20 minutes, the end — 4 hours, the mobility of the cone immersion, 3.40 mm, the strength (28 days): compressed — 30.4 MPa, bending — 4.7 MРа. The data indicate that the resulting mixture has the necessary rheological properties and optimal setting times and can be used for the construction of buildings and structures using 3D printing. Thus, the results of this work will allow us to continue the development in the field of optimizing the composition of building mixes in experimental construction using 3D printing, since in the Russian Federation, a direction in the field of research of building materials for additive technologies is emerging.

Application of the steаm аssisted grаvity drаinаge (SAGD) method in the heavy oil fields

Recently, the prospects for the development of the oil industry have been associated with the development of deposits of heavy oils and natural bitumen. It is economically feasible and possible to extract high-viscosity oil (HVO) and natural bitumen (NB) only thanks to the development and application of effective technologies for their development. Unconventional oil production requires an unconventional exclusive approach, one of them is the steam — gravity method of oil production. The creation of SAGD models involves solving problems of heat and mass transfer in wells and a productive reservoir to optimize the production mode. To calculate the parameters of heat transfer, reliable information is required about the complex of thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity) of rocks of the productive formation, the underlying and overlapping layers of the mountain massif. Currently, when conducting research and constructing geological and technological models for predicting development indicators, the degree of influence of variations in the thermophysical properties of reservoir rocks on the efficiency of the SAGD process is not taken into account. Due to the absence until recent years of the possibility of obtaining reliable representative data on the thermal properties of rocks of a particular deposit, averaged values based on single measurements or on reference data that do not take into account the features of the object being developed and do not contain a detailed geological description of the studied rocks are usually used. In this regard, it was necessary to conduct a study of the influence of real spatial variations of the thermophysical properties of rocks, studied in detail for one of the deposits with the help of a new highly efficient hardware and methodological measuring base, on the development indicators by the SAGD method. In this article, the authors considered the effectiveness of using horizontal wells with cyclic steam exposure at the Yareg field.

Analytical overview of the crowdfunding and crowdlanding market in Russia

The article discusses innovative forms of attracting financing for innovative and fast-growing projects of companies, such as crowdfunding, crowdlanding. The relevance of the work is confirmed by the fact that in the context of the digital economy there is a transformation of forms of business financing. New mechanisms using digital and platform Internet technologies allow you to create new tools to attract project financing, while saving on transactional, operational, temporary and other costs. One of the tools to attract financing for business in order to implement digital economy projects is crowdfunding and one of its forms is crowdlanding. Based on this, the purpose of the work was to assess the state and prospects for the development of the crowdfunding and crowdlanding market in Russia. The author solved a number of problems to achieve this goal: a general idea of crowdfunding was given, methods of regulating investment platforms were studied, crowdfunding segments were identified, key risks of investment using investment platforms were identified, a general idea of crowdfunding was given, the trend of application and prospects for the development of peer-to-peer lending were considered (P2R), identified the advantages and disadvantages of Р2Р platforms, analyzed and displayed statistics of the most popular Russian and foreign online lending exchanges, formulated directions for the development of crowdfinancing in Russia. The research methodology is based on a set of theoretical and empirical research methods: description, comparison, analysis and synthesis of the source material with the final synthesis of the results obtained and making a single judgment. The scope of the study results is related to the subsequent formation of proposals and recommendations for the development of organizational, legal, methodological, technical, technological, economic and other measures for the use of crowdfunding and crowdlanding tools.

Low rise residential construction as the basis of building industry innovative development

The article analyzes the current situation in Russian construction industry associated with the low innovation activity at all levels of construction sphere. Among the many reasons for the technological low innovative ability to technological change in construction industry, the authors outline reasons that might radically and positively influence the situation in domestic construction within the first half of the 21st century. The object of the study is the "construction system" concept, which is proposed to be identified as a main link of building innovations that promotes or, accordingly hinders construction objects production. When considering this concept, it becomes obvious that the critical link of innovation is concentrated in the concept of "structural framework" and related technologies for the production of construction objects. It is concluded that the main obstacle to the construction industry innovative development is the conservatism of building frames structural solutions and the corresponding technologies of the construction systems which are oriented to multi-storey housing construction and the main priorities of such construction are concentrated in mega-cities. The requirements for living environment, architectural diversity, residential building layouts, «green building» principles, energy efficiency, economy and internal comfort of housing are being raised. The paper emphasizes that existing building systems, especially in megacities, is not able to solve demographic problems and promote a healthy and safe life for people. The authors suggest that in the near future the turn to other priorities of housing construction and the transition to a new technological order with the help of industrial innovative low-rise residential construction systems for development of the Eurasian space of the country on the "linear city" concept base.