Economics of Education: Current Problems

10.12737/5450 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Басовский ◽  
Leonid Basovskiy ◽  
Басовская ◽  
Elena Basovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economics Of Education ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Public Benefits ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Macroeconomic Efficiency ◽  
Break Even Point

Research findings on the actual problems in the economics of education in Russia are presented. It is shown that education cannot be treated as a public benefit. Due to positive externalities education is socially significant. It is incorrect to treat such the category as "education" as one of public benefits. New forms of the Russian education establishments – such as autonomous and "new" budgetary establishments – demonstrate economic behavior, closely similar to models of managerial and neoclassical theories of firm. The marginal analysis based on calculation of direct variable costs allows to define the breakeven level for a tuition fee, and for the budgetary subsidy for training. Their size is defined by the amount of teaching employees compensations. Educational establishments’ overall costs significantly exceed the marginal costs providing for break-even point. The majority of Russia’s universities can successfully implement differentiation strategy through offering new educational programs, which require the correspondent marginal costs to be set on a break-even level. The function of economic management is argued to be a new objective for educational establishments. The authors prove that these objectives can be met based on the use of approaches and methods applied by commercial organizations. The teachers workload, conditioned based on setting the norm for the number of learners per teacher, depends significantly on the overall number of students. Heavy teachers’ workload is conditioned by the insufficient number of students. Macroeconomic efficiency of human capital, accrued in the education system, has been decreasing rapidly since 2011, which can be due to economic inefficiency of educational establishments.

Analysis of Externalities of Economic Activity of the Enterprise

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Dmytro V. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Environmental Externalities ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
State And Market ◽  
The Impact

The problems of research of internalities and externalities with the further development of the general classification of externalities of economic activity of the enterprise are defined. The influence of negative and positive externalities on society and enterprise is considered. The concept of negative externalities differs from transaction costs. It is noted that transaction costs can be reflected in cash and can be offset by market inclusion in the price of the products, but this is not possible for externalities. It is emphasized that the purpose of economic activity of any enterprise is to exceed the positive externalities over the negative and achieve the maximum difference between them. The different time duration of the impact of the enterprise on third parties is given. The sign of externalities on the scale of action is emphasized. The externalities of the enterprise are considered in their essence according to the principles of sustainable development, highlighting economic, social and environmental externalities. It is emphasized that economic externalities can arise in the course of the whole business cycle of full-fledged work of all parts of the enterprise. In contrast to economic, social externalities affect people both within the enterprise, that is workers and citizens of the society in which the enterprise operates. And when it comes to environmental externalities, the mediator between the source and recipient of externalities is the environment. Externalities are distinguished according to the means of accounting and the degree of influence on the subject of perception. The necessity of regulation of externalities through internalization and actions of the enterprise with the help of state and market instruments is substantiated. It is emphasized that internalization is the transformation of negative externalities into positive ones in terms of convergence of marginal costs and benefits of the enterprise to marginal social costs and utility.

scholarly journals ALIGNMENT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT WITH BUSINESS STRATEGY IN CONSTRUCTION: EVIDENCE FROM THE TURKISH CONTRACTORS

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cenk Budayan ◽  
Irem Dikmen ◽  
M. Talat Birgonul
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Differentiation Strategy ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

The importance of fit between an organization’s implementation of project management (PM), and its business level strategy is emphasized in the literature. However, there are a limited number of studies investigating the relationship between business level strategy and implementation of PM in the construction industry. This paper aligns one of the business strategies, namely differentiation, with the PM process. A framework representing differentiation in the construction industry is proposed in this study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is used to validate the relationship between differentiation and the PM process. The results show that a relationship between differentiation strategy and PM exists. The two types of differentiation are revealed, namely “product variety and speed-related differentiation” (PSD) and “quality and image-related differentiation” (QID). The companies trying to differentiate based on PSD should focus on cost, time and quality management. Change management and project planning are identified as important drivers of differentiation based on PSD. On the other hand, the companies trying to differentiate on QID should consider health, safety and environmental issues as well as quality. Companies should also manage their resources effectively to support the PM process that in turn leads to successful differentiation. Companies can utilize the research findings as a guideline while formulating their differentiation strategies.

Analisis Pendapatan, Biaya Dan Titik Impas Usaha Pengepul Barang Bekas Di Kota Tangerang

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Eki Feyzar Luthfiansyah ◽  
Rina Mailasari ◽  
Rizka Yuliana ◽  
Utari Wulandari ◽  
Aminuddin Aminuddin
Keyword(s):  
Business Practice ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Policy Recommendation ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Financial Report ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Break Even Point

In Indonesia, there is a business activity who conducted recycled goods. They collect it from many sources. The activities of this business have long existed in the main cities, especially in the area of Jabodetabek. This business practice is generally conducted by small entrepreneurs. As a business entity, the profit and loss are essential component in order to find out if the entity makes a profit or not. This article reports the results of research on the break-even point on recycled collector in Tangerang City. The results show, this business entity can generate sustainable enough profit.  Another research findings are we get any difficulties in obtain accurate data because the industry did not do adequate financial record. On that situation, the policy recommendation that can be implemented by the industry is recording financial report.

scholarly journals Financial strategies of Russians: risks and barriers

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Natalia Alikperova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Economic Literacy ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Financial Strategies ◽  
Almost All

The large-scale transformations that have taken place in Russia over the past 25 years have led to the intensive development of a special type of economic behavior of the population— financial behavior. It is not only a prerequisite for the effective functioning and development of the entire financial system of Russia, but also acts as a factor in the material well-being of citizens. Current trends in the development of the Russian financial market indicate that the decline in the well-being of the population, the reform of the pension system, the minimum level of trust in gov- ernment agencies that regulate the issues of financial behavior adversely affect the changes in the prevailing models of household financial behavior. At present, the financial behavior of Russians is characterized by certain features, first of all, lack of a tradition of running a home financial budget, low level of economic literacy and interest in financial information, and low activity concerning the use of investment and savings instruments. In this regard, a great interest and high scientific and practical significance are acquired by research related to identifying the dominant factors of savings, the motives for transforming people’s savings into investments, the attitude of citizens to financial institutions, as well as the risks and barriers that prevent citizens from transforming their own financial strategies, in particular savings and investment. As to financial behavior of a person, it is possible to distinguish actions aimed at generating income, saving and consumption. The economic crisis dramatically affects almost all the factors that determine the specific behavior models in the financial sector. Studies of such transformations are relevant and especially significant for development of practical recommendations in the field of social and economic management.

Developers’ heterogeneity and real estate development timing options

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Dong ◽  
Tien Foo Sing
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Real Option ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Land Banking ◽  
Marginal Costs ◽  
Positive Externalities ◽  
Positive Externality

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine developers’ optimal development timing when developers are heterogeneous and have different marginal costs in a real estate development market. Design/methodology/approach This study uses a multiple-player game theoretic real option model and provides tractable results of asymmetric development strategies from a two-stochastic-variable model. Anecdotal evidence and market observations are presented. Findings Stronger developers (with low marginal costs) exercise real estate development options earlier than weaker developers (with high marginal costs). However, the interval time between developments by stronger and weaker developers decreases in rental volatilities. Real estate with a high positive externality are developed earlier than real estate with a low or negative externality. Practical implications Weaker and smaller developers are advised to undertake projects having positive externalities from vicinities. Government agencies are recommended to use tools of zoning and urban planning to prioritise developments introducing positive externalities and to facilitate the growth of weaker and smaller developers. This may subsequently help reduce incentive for land banking and oversupply in real estate space market. Originality/value This research is probably the first to explicitly incorporate developers’ heterogeneous strength in real estate development timing options with multiple developers in a competitive market. It sheds additional insights into the understanding of potential problems of development cascades, under the interactive effects between exogenous policy changes and endogenous response from asymmetric developers.

scholarly journals ІМПЕРАТИВИ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ЗАЛІЗНИЧНОГО ТРАНСПОРТУ ЯК ОСНОВА ІНТЕНСИФІКАЦІЇ УПРАВЛІННЯ ЇХ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЮ ПОВЕДІНКОЮ В УМОВАХ НЕОІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОЇ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Вікторія В. Прохорова ◽  
Валентина М. Проценко
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Behavior Management ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Investment Level ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth

The research findings have revealed that in modern realia, most of industrial enterprises of railway transport are facing a phase of stagnation through a range of factors, the most essential of them are: low investment level, lack of sustainable economic growth trends as well as ineffective resource allocation. It is argued that to address the above issues and boost scientific, technological and socioeconomic growth, there is a critical need to build a methodological framework for assessing factors and possibilities of overcoming stagnation and transitioning to sustainable development by implementing intensification of economic behavior management in the context of neoindustrial modernization. The imperative for sustainable scientific, technological and socioeconomic development of industrial enterprises of railway transport offers new challenges and triggers a design of a new conceptual framework to select strategic development trajectories and identify critical factors for long-term crisis recovery – all that supports the relevance of the research. To attain the goals set, the study has identified measures to address the issues of sustainable scientific, technological and socioeconomic development of industrial enterprises of railway transport along with considering the stages in the process of achieving the research agenda. The findings also explore the stages of the sustainable development concept for railway transport enterprises and present economic models of sustainable development of industrial enterprises of railway transport to intensify enterprise economic behavior management in the context of neoindustrial modernization.

What Does Evidence-Based Practice Mean to You? A Follow-Up Study Examining School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Perspectives on Evidence-Based Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 688-704
Author(s):  
Katrina Fulcher-Rood ◽  
Anny Castilla-Earls ◽  
Jeff Higginbotham
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
School Based ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Ebp Implementation

Purpose The current investigation is a follow-up from a previous study examining child language diagnostic decision making in school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the SLPs' perspectives regarding the use of evidence-based practice (EBP) in their clinical work. Method Semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 25 school-based SLPs who previously participated in an earlier study by Fulcher-Rood et al. 2018). SLPs were asked questions regarding their definition of EBP, the value of research evidence, contexts in which they implement scientific literature in clinical practice, and the barriers to implementing EBP. Results SLPs' definitions of EBP differed from current definitions, in that SLPs only included the use of research findings. SLPs seem to discuss EBP as it relates to treatment and not assessment. Reported barriers to EBP implementation were insufficient time, limited funding, and restrictions from their employment setting. SLPs found it difficult to translate research findings to clinical practice. SLPs implemented external research evidence when they did not have enough clinical expertise regarding a specific client or when they needed scientific evidence to support a strategy they used. Conclusions SLPs appear to use EBP for specific reasons and not for every clinical decision they make. In addition, SLPs rely on EBP for treatment decisions and not for assessment decisions. Educational systems potentially present other challenges that need to be considered for EBP implementation. Considerations for implementation science and the research-to-practice gap are discussed.

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