scholarly journals Gold Reserve: Russian and Foreign Practice of Formation, Storage and USE

2017 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Антон Кучеров ◽  
Anton Kucherov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
International Reserves ◽  
Gold Reserve ◽  
Economic Nature ◽  
Jewelry Industry ◽  
Natural Characteristics ◽  
State Body

The role of gold as a monetary metal in the development of any state is undoubtedly significant. Due to its natural characteristics the sphere of use of gold is extensive. Available at the disposal of mankind gold finds its application in jewelry, industry, medicine, as well as in the formation of the national gold reserves. The gold reserve of the state is a part of the international reserves, which is under the authority of the authorized state body and is represented by physical gold – ingots and coins (monetary gold). The gold reserve forms for strictly defined purposes stipulated by the corresponding regulation of any state. As a rule the purpose of their formation and use is to meet the urgent needs of the state, conditioned by extraordinary circumstances of a military, political and economic nature. In addition, significant amount of gold reserves indicate the reliability and solvency of the state. At the same time despite the significance of this part of the international reserves its amount in various states essentially differs. Some public orders perform a well-targeted disposal of the gold reserve. Thus, the trends in terms of the order of formation, storage, and use of the gold reserve, seen in a particular state, are different. We propose to consider the current world trends in this field in this article.

Prokuratura ve světle stíhání protistátních trestných činů – základní vývojové tendence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alena Korábová
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
General Development ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
The Public ◽  
State Body

The Public Prosecutor’s Office is one of the main actors in criminal proceedings. Its role in criminal proceedings is indisputable and the above-mentioned paper focuses on the approach of the role of the Public Prosecutor’s Office in prosecuting a specific range of crimes directed against the state. The paper also describes, among other things, the general development of the Public Prosecutor’s Office, both at the beginning of its existence and at a later period, when the main focus tasks and organization of this state body were already clearly defined. Last but not least, the main pillars of the development of this state body are pointed out.

KOMSOMOL AS THE CONDUCTOR OF THE STATE YOUTH POLICY OF THE SOVIET STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-42
Author(s):  
A.L. ELISEEV ◽  
◽  
O.V. LEONOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
The State ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Youth Policy ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The Law ◽  
State Body

The purpose of the article is to reveal the role of Komsomol in the political system of the USSR. The authors note that Komsomol was directly a state body in relation to youth, acted as the official guide of party and economic directives to the youth environment, developed and implemented in practice the state youth policy in relation to Soviet youth. The main functions of the communist youth union in the Soviet society are also highlighted, the representation of Komsomol in the authorities of the Soviet state is reviewed, the role of Komsomol in the adoption of the law on youth is revealed.

A Re-Appraisal of the Role of Blood Coagulation and Platelets in the Generalized Shwartzman Phenomenon

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 519-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Levin ◽  
E Beck
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Renal Lesions ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Renal Glomeruli ◽  
Coagulation Mechanism ◽  
Shwartzman Phenomenon ◽  
Do So

SummaryThe role of intravascular coagulation in the production of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon has been evaluated. The administration of endotoxin to animals prepared with Thorotrast results in activation of the coagulation mechanism with the resultant deposition of fibrinoid material in the renal glomeruli. Anticoagulation prevents alterations in the state of the coagulation system and inhibits development of the renal lesions. Platelets are not primarily involved. Platelet antiserum produces similar lesions in animals prepared with Thorotrast, but appears to do so in a manner which does not significantly involve intravascular coagulation.The production of adrenal cortical hemorrhage, comparable to that seen in the Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, following the administration of endotoxin to animals that had previously received ACTH does not require intravascular coagulation and may not be a manifestation of the generalized Shwartzman phenomenon.

Economic and Legal Support for Commercialization of Intellectual Property in Russia

2003 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
I. Dezhina ◽  
I. Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
The State ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
The West ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Context

The article is devoted to the analysis of the changes in economic and legal context for commercial application of intellectual property created under federal budgetary financing. Special attention is given to the role of the state and to comparison of key elements of mechanisms for commercial application of intellectual property that are currently under implementation in Russia and in the West. A number of practical suggestions are presented aimed at improving government stimuli to commercialization of intellectual property created at budgetary expense.

Budget as an Instrument of Reproduction of Bureaucracy in Russia

2006 ◽  
pp. 87-96
Author(s):  
Yu. Shvetsov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article considers the problem of bureaucratisation of the state and the most important social and economic consequences of this phenomenon. The essence of bureaucracy has been revealed, characteristic features of its functioning in Russia have been analyzed; the material base of bureaucracy and its dominating status in the society have been substantiated. The conclusion has been made that the process of changing the role of the budget to serve the interests of bureaucracy is being accomplished.

Kropotkin

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Kinna
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Special Character ◽  
Revolutionary Politics

This book is designed to remove Peter Kropotkin from the framework of classical anarchism. By focusing attention on his theory of mutual aid, it argues that the classical framing distorts Kropotkin's political theory by associating it with a narrowly positivistic conception of science, a naively optimistic idea of human nature and a millenarian idea of revolution. Kropotkin's abiding concern with Russian revolutionary politics is the lens for this analysis. The argument is that his engagement with nihilism shaped his conception of science and that his expeditions in Siberia underpinned an approach to social analysis that was rooted in geography. Looking at Kropotkin's relationship with Elisée Reclus and Erico Malatesta and examining his critical appreciation of P-J. Proudhon, Michael Bakunin and Max Stirner, the study shows how he understood anarchist traditions and reveals the special character of his anarchist communism. His idea of the state as a colonising process and his contention that exploitation and oppression operate in global contexts is a key feature of this. Kropotkin's views about the role of theory in revolutionary practice show how he developed this critique of the state and capitalism to advance an idea of political change that combined the building of non-state alternatives through direct action and wilful disobedience. Against critics who argue that Kropotkin betrayed these principles in 1914, the book suggests that this controversial decision was consistent with his anarchism and that it reflected his judgment about the prospects of anarchistic revolution in Russia.

ZUR BEDEUTUNG DES HYPOPHYSÄREN LUTEINISIERUNGSHORMONS FÜR SCHWANGERSCHAFT, GEBURT UND LACTATION BEI DER RATTE

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S5-S32 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Loewit
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
The State ◽  
Termination Of Pregnancy ◽  
Progesterone Level ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Regulatory Properties ◽  
Duration Of Pregnancy

ABSTRACT The role of luteinizing hormone (LH) for the maintenance of pregnancy, parturition and lactation was investigated by immunological and histochemical methods in the rat. Neutralisation of endogenous rat-LH with Rabbit-Anti-Bovine-LH-Serum (selective hypophysectomy) from days 7-12 of pregnancy resulted in reabsorption of the foetuses and the reappearance of strong 20α-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase (20α-OHSD) activity in the corpora lutea (CL) of pregnancy, which normally show no such activity at that time. This effect could be prevented in part by concurrent pregnenolone administration and fully by progesterone, but was not influenced by oestrogen or prolactin. It is concluded that in early pregnancy LH is the main luteotrophic hormone in the rat even though prolactin might act synergistically with it. Antiserum treatment after the 12th day of gestation had no influence on the state or duration of pregnancy or on parturition. LH-injections during the first half of pregnancy had no luteolytic effects i. e. they did not activate 20α-OHSD activity. After day 16 they advanced the reappearance of the enzyme, but delayed parturition or resulted in stillbirths. Neither LH nor antiserum seemed to alter lactation. Since progesterone prevented both the termination of pregnancy and the recurrence of 20α-OHSD activity, it should have some regulatory properties on the enzyme. It is discussed whether the gonadotrophin-dependent progesterone level could regulate the 20α-OHSD activity rather than result from it.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document