scholarly journals LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY IN PERSONS WITHOUT ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION: A PSYCHOSOMATIC APPROACH TO STUDYING THIS PHENOMENON

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Олег Бастриков ◽  
Oleg Bastrikov ◽  
Вячеслав Белов ◽  
Vyacheslav Belov
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Health State ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Ventricle Hypertrophy ◽  
Metabolic Indices

The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of psychological and somatic factors in the development of left ventricular hypertrophy in the cohort of persons without arterial hypertension and to give a quantitative evaluation to the effect of these factors on this phenomenon. Materials and methods. The study included 107 practically healthy people of working age from an organized popula- tion, including 46 men (mean age of 43.7 ± 11.5 years; M ± s) and 61 women (mean age 43.1 ± 10.1 years; M ± s). All the subjects underwent measurement of blood pressure according to the standard procedure, questionnaire survey using validated psychological questionnaires, the study of structural changes of the myocardium with echocardiography, the tests for metabolic indices in venous blood on an empty stomach (hormonal, immunological, biochemical). Results. Individuals with left ventricular hypertrophy were characterized by a significantly greater level of depression, accumulated stress, social frustration, decreased self-evaluation of health state and vitality. The value of the left ven- tricle mass index in practically healthy individuals without arterial hypertension is determined by 4 factors: the level of apolipoproteins B, the ratio of waist circumference / hip circumference, the level of the end products of free radical lipid oxidation, and smoking duration. Conclusion. Hypertrophy of the left ventricle in people without arterial hypertension is associated with personality characteristics that determine the nature of a multilevel response (somatic, hormonal, biochemical).

scholarly journals Cardiovascular risk and unproportional high weight of left ventrical myocardium in climacteric women

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-322
Author(s):  
A R Sadykova ◽  
A R Shamkina ◽  
R I Gizyatoullova
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Target Organ Damage ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricle Mass ◽  
Ventricular Mass ◽  
Left Ventricle Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricle Hypertrophy

Aim. To study the distribution of cardiovascular risk factors, target organ damage, associated clinical conditions and to stratify the 10-year risk of arterial hypertension complications in menopausal females depending on presence of inappropriately high left ventricular mass. Methods. 107 females from city of Kazan aged 42-59 years entered the study, including 11 women with normal blood pressure, 16 patients with high normal blood pressure, and 80 patients with hypertension according to All-Russia scientific Society of Cardiologists classification (2010) with disease duration of 0-34 years. Mean age of patients with hypertension was 51.4±4.0 years. Patients with secondary hypertension were excluded from the study. All patients underwent a questionnaire survey, physical examination, biochemical blood test, ECG, echocardiography, and cervical extracranial vessel ultrasonography. Actual left ventricle mass was calculated according to R.B. Devereux et al. (1977) and was adjusted to the body surface area. Proper left ventricle mass was defined by G. Simone et al. (1998). Disproportion coefficient was calculated as a ratio of actual left ventricle mass to proper left ventricle mass. Left ventricle hypertrophy was diagnosed using the Sokolow-Lyon index and left ventricle mass index ≥ 110 g/m2 (Echo-signs of left ventricle hypertrophy). Results. In menopausal women, inappropriately high left ventricular mass was associated with significantly (р 0.05, Fisher exact test) higher frequency of obesity, especially its abdominal type, as well as target organ damage, including Echo-signs of left ventricle hypertrophy, very high added 10-year risk of developing arterial hypertension complications. It was also associated with significantly (р 0.05, the U-criterion) higher mean values of waist circumference, waist to hip circumference ratio, body mass index, total number of damaged target organs and 10-year risk for developing arterial hypertension complications. Conclusion. Distinguishing the patients with inappropriately high left ventricular mass among menopausal women is important for planning the measures to prevent cardiovascular events.

scholarly journals Serum Zinc and Selenium Concentrations in Patients with Hypertrophy and Remodelling of the Left Ventricle Secondary to Arterial Hypertension

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1803
Author(s):  
Paweł Gać ◽  
Karolina Czerwińska ◽  
Małgorzata Poręba ◽  
Adam Prokopowicz ◽  
Helena Martynowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Geometry ◽  
Serum Selenium ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Concentric Hypertrophy

The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between serum selenium and zinc concentrations (Se-S and Zn-S) and the left ventricle geometry in patients suffering from arterial hypertension. A total of 78 people with arterial hypertension (mean age: 53.72 ± 12.74 years) participated in the study. Se-S and Zn-S were determined in all patients. The type of left ventricular remodelling and hypertrophy was determined by the left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and relative wall thickness (RWT) measured by echocardiography. Se-S and Zn-S in the whole group were 89.84 ± 18.75 µg/L and 0.86 ± 0.13 mg/L. Normal left ventricular geometry was found in 28.2% of patients; left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in 71.8%, including concentric remodelling in 28.2%, concentric hypertrophy in 29.5%, and eccentric hypertrophy in 14.1%. LVH was statistically significantly more frequent in patients with Se-S < median compared to patients with Se-S ≥ median (87.2% vs. 56.4%, p < 0.05), as well as in patients with Zn-S < median compared to patients with Zn-S ≥ median (83.8% vs. 60.9%, p < 0.05). In hypertensive patients, older age, higher LDL cholesterol, higher fasting glucose, lower Se-S, and lower Zn-S were independently associated with LVH. In conclusion, in hypertensive patients, left ventricular hypertrophy may be associated with low levels of selenium and zinc in the serum.

scholarly journals Features of structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle in patients suffering from arterial hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
V. I. Tseluyko ◽  
L. M. Yakovleva ◽  
D. A. Korchagina
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Remodeling ◽  
The Mean

The aim – to study the features of structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle in patients suffering from arterial hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism and to determine clinical and past medical history and laboratory factors associated with their development. Materials and methods. 50 patients suffering from hypertension with concomitant hypothyroidism were enrolled into the study. Depending on the level of thyroid stimulating hormone in the serum the examined patients were distributed into two groups of 25 patients with the compensated and 25 with decompensated course of hypothyroidism. The control group consisted of 30 patients with hypertension in which the pathology of the thyroid gland was excluded. The comparison of the main parameters of the echocardiography study of the myocardium has been performed depending on hypothyroidism compensation. Assessment of parameters of transmitral diastolic blood flow has been performed. A regression analysis has been conducted to detect the relation of clinical and past medical history factors and echocardiographic parameters with the development of diastolic dysfunction by E/A ratio. The values of central hemodynamics have been studied for evaluation of the contractile function of the myocardium. Results and discussion. According to the results of the echocardiography of both examined groups it has been found that the final systolic and stroke volume exceeded the parameters of the control group. The mean value of the left ventricle ejection fraction was statistically significantly lower than in the control group (p=0.004). The left ventricle myocardial mass in patients with hypothyroidism was statistically significantly greater than in the control group. It was proved that in patients, who were diagnosed with decompensated hypothyroidism, the mean value of the left atrium size to growth by the degree of 2.7 was statistically significantly higher than in the control group (p=0.01), whereas the average value of the ratio of the size of the left atrium to the surface area of the body had no statistically significant differences between the groups. It has been found that in both groups the proportion of patients with diastolic dysfunction in which the E/A ratio was less than 1.0 was higher than in the control group (р=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). The independent factors of diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in patients with hypertension in the presence of hypothyroidism have been found. Conclusions. In the presence of decompensated hypothyroidism in patients with arterial hypertension, both with obesity and with normal body mass index, left ventricular mass indexes were significantly higher in comparison with a control group. Regardless of the compensation of the thyroid state in patients with arterial hypertension, the ejection fraction was significantly lower. According to regression analysis, independent factors for the development of diastolic dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension and hypothyroidism with a body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 is the index of mass of the left ventricular myocardium, determined by the degree of 2.7, the level of total cholesterol to statistical significance – the level of office systolic blood pressure and the duration of hormone replacement therapy for hypothyroidism; with body mass index < 30 kg/m2 – age and left atrial index, determined by body surface area. For patients with arterial hypertension and reduced thyroid gland function, violation of the left ventricular myocardial relaxation is typical as evidenced by a higher proportion of patients with a decrease in E/A to less than 0.8 in these patients.

scholarly journals Left Ventricle Outflow Obstruction by Reverse-Oriented Tricuspid Semilunar Valve-Like Endocardial Duplicatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kristína Mikuš-Kuracinová ◽  
Pavel Babál ◽  
Eliška Kubíková
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Ventricular Outflow Tract ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Semilunar Valve ◽  
Left Ventricle Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricle Hypertrophy ◽  
Outflow Channel

A 57-year-old female had a history of hypertension disease, and one year before her death, her ECG showed signs of left ventricle hypertrophy. She died with signs of heart failure with pulmonary edema development. At autopsy, there was left ventricle hypertrophy (wall thickness: 21 mm). In the left ventricle outflow channel, 15 mm below the aortic valve on the muscular wall, there were three white 1–1.5 mm thick membranous semilunar valve-like structures with the sizes of 9, 7, and 5 mm, with concavities opened into the left ventricle, reducing the outflow area by 21.5%. These structures were hanging on the regular muscular ventricular wall, without any visible fibrous anchoring structure and without formation of commissures, and were composed of fine collagen and elastic fibers. Gross anatomy as well as histological structure was different from the subaortic membrane. The reported accessory reverse-oriented tricuspid semilunar valve-like structure is an unusual finding of a structure in the left ventricular outflow tract, to which we could not find an analogy in the available literature.

scholarly journals Epigenetics, inflammation and metabolism in right heart failure associated with pulmonary hypertension

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolwenn Samson ◽  
Roxane Paulin
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Right Ventricular ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Right Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Failure ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Ventricle Hypertrophy ◽  
The Right

Right ventricular failure (RVF) is the most important prognostic factor for both morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but also occurs in numerous other common diseases and conditions, including left ventricle dysfunction. RVF remains understudied compared with left ventricular failure (LVF). However, right and left ventricles have many differences at the morphological level or the embryologic origin, and respond differently to pressure overload. Therefore, knowledge from the left ventricle cannot be extrapolated to the right ventricle. Few studies have focused on the right ventricle and have permitted to increase our knowledge on the right ventricular-specific mechanisms driving decompensation. Here we review basic principles such as mechanisms accounting for right ventricle hypertrophy, dysfunction, and transition toward failure, with a focus on epigenetics, inflammatory, and metabolic processes.

scholarly journals SUBCLINICAL SYSTOLIC DYSFUNCTION OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE IN PREECLAMPTIC WOMEN WITHOUT PROTEINURIA. THE POSSIBILITIES OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY IN EARLY DIAGNOSIS

2017 ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
D. A. Doroshenko ◽  
A. R. Zubarev ◽  
O. B. Lapochkina
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Speckle Tracking ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Speckle Tracking Echocardiography ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Left Ventricular

The article presents the main pathophysiological mechanisms associated with the development of complications of pregnancy against the background of arterial hypertension in patients without clinical manifestations of left ventricular dysfunction, the possibilities of speckle tracking of echocardiography in revealing latent systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle in pregnant women on the background of preeclampsia not accompanied by proteinuria are shown.Goal. To identify early markers of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in pregnant women with preeclampsia without proteinuria according to speckle tracking echocardiography.Material and methods. 100 pregnant women with hypertension and a gestation period of 29–40 weeks are divided into 2 groups: 1 st group – 50 patients without an arterial hypertension in the anamnesis, 2 nd group – 50 patients with an arterial hypertension in the anamnesis (without the proteinuria during pregnancy). For all patients, echocardiography with evaluation of cardiomyocyte function by speckle-tracking was performed on ultrasonic scanners Aplio ™ 500 and Aplio ™ Artida from Toshiba.Results. Ejection fraction of the left ventricle in the groups was not significantly different, while the longitudinal, radial and circular deformation parameters differed between the groups, with the lowest values characterizing the global longitudinal deformation.Conclusions. In assessing the function of the left ventricle in pregnant women with preeclampsia without diurnal proteinuria, it is not enough to focus on traditional parameters, shifting the emphasis towards derivatives of force, speed and time. Study of myocardium with the help of speckle tracking echocardiography promotes the detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension without daily proteinuria. 

scholarly journals The functions and geometry of the left ventricle in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
O N Sigitova ◽  
A G Shcherbakova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Left Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Ventricular Dysfunction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Stage 1

Aim. To study the functions and the geometry of the left ventricle in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis at different stages of chronic kidney disease, depending on the presence of arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia. Methods. Observed were 156 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis (80 men and 76 women, mean age 40.23±1.1 years), including 91 people with arterial hypertension (observation group), 65 patients without arterial hypertension (comparison group). The observation and comparison groups were divided into subgroups depending on the stage of chronic kidney disease: the first subgroup - stage 1-2, the second subgroup - stage 3-4, the third subgroup - stage 5. The control group consisted of 30 healthy people. Conducted were general clinical, laboratory and instrumental investigations. Results. Left ventricular hypertrophy was formed at stage 1-2 of chronic kidney disease in 52.5% of patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with arterial hypertension, at stage 3-4 - in 69.2%, at stage 5 - in 80.0%. The dominant type of hypertrophy was concentric; with the decrease in kidney function the frequency of eccentric hypertrophy increased. In the early stages of chronic kidney disease the incidence of left ventricular dysfunction was almost similar in arterial hypertension (62.5%) and normal blood pressure (60.0%). With the decline of the kidney function in the presence of arterial hypertension the incidence of left ventricular dysfunction reached up to 84.6% at stage 3-4 and up to 88.0% - at stage 5 of chronic kidney disease. No influence of the lipid profile on the function and the geometry of the left ventricle were found. Conclusion. In patients with chronic glomerulonephritis with arterial hypertension with the decrease in kidney function increases the frequency of left ventricular hypertrophy; in the early stages of chronic kidney disease the incidence of left ventricular dysfunction is the same in patients with and without hypertension, increasing with the decline in renal function in patients with hypertension.

Cardiac hypertrophic risk markers of left ventricle and left atrium in chronic heart failure due to aortic and mitral valve disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 028418512093353
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ishtiaq Jan ◽  
Riaz Anwar Khan ◽  
Naeem Khan ◽  
Aisha Mahak ◽  
Azhar Ul Haq Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Atrial Enlargement ◽  
Left Ventricle Hypertrophy ◽  
Atrial Enlargement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ventricle Hypertrophy

Background Chronic valvular heart disease leads to systolic dysfunction and left atrial enlargement that ultimately results in heart failure. Purpose To investigate prognostic importance of Echocardiography and plasma natriuretic peptide levels that increase as a compensatory response and can be used as predictive markers for cardiac hypertrophy. Material and Methods The patients were divided into three groups: 51 with left ventricle hypertrophy due to aortic valve disease; 126 with left atrial enlargement due to mitral valve dysfunction; and 76 with both conditions. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma levels were measured in all three respective groups showing dilated cardiomyopathy. Results The mean left ventricular end-diastolic dimension at 64.3 ± 1.6 mm ( P < 0.00) and left atrial dimension at 58.3 ± 3.7 mm ( P < 0.00) were significantly high. However, patients with both conditions showed significantly high values for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (63.3 ± 3 mm, P < 0.00) and left atrial dimension (54.9 ± 4 mm, P < 0.00) when compared with controls. A significant positive correlation was found between plasma natriuretic peptides levels and dilated cardiomyopathy. The mean values of ANP were 173 ± 46.6 pg/mL ( P < 0.00), 140.4 ± 42.4 pg/mL ( P < 0.00), and 295.1 ± 67.5 pg/mL ( P < 0.00), significantly high in all three respective disease groups. The levels of BNP were also significantly high at 189 ± 44.5 pg/mL ( P < 0.00), 166.6 ± 36.6 pg/mL ( P < 0.00), and 323 ± 69.1 pg/mL ( P < 0.00) in the disease groups with left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, and the disease group showing both characteristics, respectively. Conclusion Significant positive associations were found between left ventricle hypertrophy and left atrial enlargement with ANP and BNP.

scholarly journals Left Ventricular Myocardial Function in a Cat with Nonspecific Cardiomyopathy Phenotype

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaís Gomes Barbosa ◽  
Mariana De Resende Coelho ◽  
Ruthnea Aparecida Lázaro Muzzi ◽  
Ana Flávia Silva Pereira ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Left Atrium ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Myocardial Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Myocardial Deformation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Echocardiographic Examination ◽  
Cardiac Evaluation

Background: Non-specific phenotype feline cardiomyopathy (CFNE) is one that does not fit properly in the other categories, and it is necessary to describe in detail the morphology and cardiac function. The causes of CFNE is not very clear, and it may be due to congenital or acquired disease, or also to primary or secondary myocardial dysfunction associated with other conditions. In symptomatic cases, the clinical signs observed are compatible with left congestive heart failure (ICCE). This study reports a CFNE case in an asymptomatic cat, in order to demonstrate the importance of echocardiographic examination in the early diagnosis of the disease.Case: A 6.5-year-old non-neutered crossbred cat weighing 3.1 kg was seen at the institution's veterinary hospital for routine cardiac evaluation. No clinical signs were reported in the history. On physical examination, the animal presented calm behavior, body score 5/9, heart rate 200 bpm, systolic blood pressure of 102 mmHg, respiratory rate 64 mrp, and other normal parameters. CBC and urinalysis laboratory tests were requested, which were unchanged. The electrocardiogram showed normal patterns. In the conventional echocardiographic examination, a significant increase in the left atrium (LA) was observed, and the LA/Ao ratio was 2.05 and the diastolic function was abnormal. There was no presence of concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle (LV), the thickness of the ventricular wall measured at different points, in the two-dimensional mode and the M mode, was less than 5 millimeters. Other parameters of conventional echocardiography were within the normal range. Through these echocardiographic findings, the suggestive diagnosis was non-specific phenotype cardiomyopathy, with a significant increase in LA. For the assessment of left ventricular myocardial deformation, the strain (St%) and strain rate (StR 1/s) indexes (which correspond to the percentage and speed at which the myocardial fiber deforms during the cardiac cycle, respectively) were evaluated using two-dimensional feature tracking (2D-FTI), with the aid of Xstrain version 10.1 software, optical flow algorithm (ESAOTE®). This analysis showed a decrease in the overall value of the longitudinal and radial St/StR variables.Discussion: The CFNE echocardiographic examination can demonstrate several structural cardiac changes that are not characterized in any other category of cardiomyopathy. Although the patient is still asymptomatic, the echocardiogram made it possible to identify structural changes compatible with the reported disease (enlargement of the left atrium and left ventricular myocardial deformation). Using the 2D-FTI technique, the vulnerability of the myocardial fibers in the longitudinal and radial directions of the left ventricle was observed, demonstrating that despite the patient still not showing clinical signs, there were already signs of ventricular dysfunction. These changes observed by the 2D-FTI technique, suggest that the patient may develop clinical signs of ICCE, resulting from pleural effusion and/or pulmonary edema, requiring more frequent reassessments. For this reason, animals with CFNE should undergo periodic cardiac evaluation to monitor the evolution of the patient's clinical condition. The use of more specific tools, such as 2D-FTI, allows an earlier assessment of clinical changes, which provides a faster therapeutic intervention when necessary, preventing the patient from abruptly decompressing.

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