scholarly journals Association of peanut cultivars and aqueous neem extract in the feeding and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. e909
Author(s):  
Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior ◽  
Nara Elisa Lobato Rodrigues ◽  
Julio Cesar Janini ◽  
Daline Benites Bottega ◽  
Vitor Quintela Sousa ◽  
...  

The current study aimed to test how aqueous neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. extract affects the attractiveness, feeding and development of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) on different: peanut cultivars. Tests were carried out under laboratory conditions with the cultivars IAC 503 and IAC 147 and aqueous neem extract in concentrations (mass/volume) of 5 and 10%, obtained from seeds and dried in an oven at a temperature of 35 to 38 °C for 15 days, with caterpillars offered a food choice preference test. For this, leaf discs from each treatment were placed in Petri dishes into which three first instar caterpillars were released. To assess resistance biology, single newly-hatched caterpillars were transferred to individual Petri dishes, where the following biological parameters were measured: larval mortality after 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days; pupal mortality; total mortality; weight of 10-day-old caterpillars; pupal weight at 24 hours; and adult longevity. The main conclusions of the work, include: cultivar IAC 147 was less attractive and consumed less; cultivar IAC 503 plus 10% neem extract reduced leaf consumption; cultivar type did not affect caterpillar biological development, and 10% neem extract caused 100% mortality in S. frugiperda.

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Antônio Silva ◽  
Roberta Alvarenga ◽  
Jair Campos Moraes ◽  
Eliana Alcantra

A lagarta Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) é praga-chave da cultura do milho e a cada ano sua ocorrência na cultura algodoeira têm aumentado, causando danos severos desde a fase de plântula até a maturação. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito do silício na biologia de S. frugiperda em algodoeiro de fibra branca e colorida. Os bioensaios foram conduzidos com duas cultivares de algodão, a BRS Cedro (fibras brancas) e BRS Verde (fibras verdes), com e sem aplicação de silício. O silício foi aplicado como solução de ácido silícico a 1 %, na dosagem equivalente a 3 t/ha de SiO2. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros biológicos: mortalidade larval, duração da fase larval e pupal, viabilidade de pupa, peso das pupas, razão sexual, longevidade dos adultos, machos e fêmeas e o número de ovos/fêmea. Verificou-se que a aplicação de silício aumentou apenas a mortalidade de lagartas alimentadas com folhas da BRS Cedro, não demonstrando nenhum efeito nas lagartas quando aplicado na BRS Verde. Além disso, na cultivar BRS Cedro, em comparação com a cultivar BRS Verde, houve menor peso de pupa e menor produção de ovos/fêmea. Biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Colored Cotton Treated with Silicon Abstract. The caterpillar Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) is a key pest of the corn culture and each year its occurrence in the cotton culture has increased, causing severe damage from the seedling phase to maturation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the silicon on the biology of S. frugiperda in white and colored fiber cotton plants. The bioassays were conducted with two cultivars of cotton, BRS Cedro (white fibers) and BRS Verde (green fibers), with and without silicon application. The silicon was applied as a solution of 1% silicon acid, at a dosage equivalent to 3 ton/ha of SiO2. The following biological parameters were evaluated: larval mortality, duration of the larval and pupal phase, pupal viability, pupal weight, gender ratio, adult longevity of males and females and the number of eggs/female. It was verified that the silicon application only increased the mortality of caterpillars fed with BRS Cedro leaves, not demonstrating any effect on the caterpillars when applied on BRS Verde. Furthermore, the BRS Cedro cultivar, when compared to the BRS Verde cultivar, presented a lower pupal weight and a lower eggs/female production.


2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewerton M Costa ◽  
Francisco EL Silva ◽  
Elton L Araujo

ABSTRACT The leafminer [Liriomyza sativae (Diptera: Agromyzidae)] is one of the main pests of melon crop (Cucumis melo) in the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará. Thus, adopting strategies to control this destructive insect is essential. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of aqueous neem seed extract, applied to soil via irrigation, on leafminer larvae, in the melon crop. An experiment was conducted in greenhouse, in completely randomized design, consisting of five treatments (four doses of aqueous neem seed extract: 1; 3; 5 and 10 g/100 mL) and the control consisting only of distilled water and 10 replicates (melon plants). The treatments were applied in a single dose, via soil irrigation. In the first stage of the evaluation, 24 hours after application, the number of dead larvae per plant was counted. In the second step, pupal mortality was recorded. The total mortality was also calculated considering the number of larvae and the number of emerged adults. We verified that, increasing the concentration of aqueous neem seed extract, an increase in the larval and pupal mortality of the leafminer in melon crop was noticed. The concentration 10 g/100 mL presented the best results, resulting in 36.4% of larval mortality, 96.5% of pupal mortality and 96.8% of total mortality.


2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1100600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Villafañe ◽  
Diego Tolosa ◽  
Alicia Bardón ◽  
Adriana Neske

Citrus aurantium and C. limon were selected in the search for natural plant insecticides. The essential oils of C. aurantium and C. limon and ethanol extracts of the seeds, pulp, albedo, and peel of C. aurantium were incorporated into the larval diet of the lepidopteran pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Larval and pupal mortality were quantified and adult malformation was observed. C aurantium essential oil had antifeedant action and the mixture of albedo ethanol extract and C aurantium essential oil had toxic effects on S. frugiperda larvae at early stages, when they had not yet produced major damage to the crop. Our results indicated that a mixture of ethanol extract of albedo and C. aurantium essential oil (250 μg of extract mix per g of diet) deterred feeding by 46% and had the highest larval mortality (100%) of the materials tested. The peel extract (250 μg per g of diet) produced an increment in growth rate and diet consumption. However, 40% of the larval and 45% of the pupal populations died after 96 h of treatment. The blend of essential oil and C. aurantium albedo ethanol extract showed the lowest consumption and a poor nutrient conversion into biomass. Finally, the presence of D-limonene and nootkatone in the peel ethanol extract, and C. limon and C. aurantium essential oils, may be the cause of the response in the feeding behavior and toxic effects found on S. frugiperda.


2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Alvarenga ◽  
J. C. Moraes ◽  
A. M. Auad ◽  
M. Coelho ◽  
A. M. Nascimento

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of silicon application and administration of the phytohormone gibberellic acid on resistance of the corn plants to the fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, and their vegetative characteristics. We evaluated larval and pupal duration, survival and biomass, and adult longevity, malformation and fecundity of S. frugiperda after feeding on plant matter treated with silicon and/or gibberellic acid. The feeding preference of FAW first-instar larvae, the total leaf area consumed by the insects, and the vegetative parameters of corn plants were also evaluated. No significant differences were observed in the measured parameters of larval and pupal stages of S. frugiperda in response to silicon or gibberellic acid. In adult stage insects, the number of eggs per female was significantly reduced in insects derived from larvae fed plants treated with silicon or gibberellic acid. In a non-preference test, 48 h after release, caterpillars preferred control untreated plants and consumed less matter from plants that had received hormonal treatment (gibberellic acid). Gibberellic acid also altered the vegetative characteristics of plants, by increasing their height, shoot fresh and dry mass, and silicon content. We conclude that gibberellic acid can alter the vegetative characteristics and silicon uptake of corn plants, leading to a reduction in their consumption by S. frugiperda larvae and a decrease in female insect oviposition.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
IGOR HENRIQUE SENA DA SILVA ◽  
VICTOR HUGO DUARTE DA COSTA ◽  
JULIANO DE CARVALHO CURY ◽  
FERNANDO HERCOS VALICENTE ◽  
RICARDO ANTONIO POLANCZYK

ABSTRACT - This work evaluated the infectivity and production of occlusion bodies (OBs) of the SfMNPV-6NR on fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, when fed on different host plants. The experiment was performed in laboratory, in a completely randomized design using two concentrations of SfMNPV-6NR (2×106 and 2×107 OBs/mL) and six different host plants (soybean, corn, cotton, bean, sorghum and millet). The larval mortality, larval weight (LW), pupal weight (PW) of S. frugiperda and the production of OBs by virus were evaluated. S. frugiperda larvae were less susceptible to baculovirus when fed on cotton leaves (38 ± 4.17 and 70 ± 6.44% mortality) in the two concentrations tested (2×106 and 2×107 OBs/mL, respectively). The LW was affected by the virus concentration depending on the plant species consumed and the virus concentrations. The PW was affected by the plant species used to feed larvae. There was no effect of the host plant on the OBs virus production. The results demonstrate adverse effects of the host plant on the infectivity of the SfMNPV-6NR in S. frugiperda, especially a deleterious effect of the cotton plant in the virus infection capacity.Keywords: Fall armyworm, entomopathogenic virus, tritrophic interaction, plant host, cotton. A INFECTIVIDADE DE SfMNPV SOBRE A LAGARTA-DO-CARTUCHO É INFLUENCIADA PELA PLANTA HOSPEDEIRA  RESUMO – Este trabalho avaliou a capacidade de infecção e produção de corpos de oclusão (CO) de SfMNPV- 6NR sobre a lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda, quando alimentada em diferentes plantas hospedeiras. O experimento foi realizado em laboratório, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando duas concentrações de SfMNPV-6NR (2×106 e 2×107 CO/mL) e seis diferentes plantas hospedeiras (soja, milho, algodão, feijão, sorgo e milheto). Foram avaliados a mortalidade larval, o peso de larvas mortas (PL), o peso de pupa (PP) e a produção de CO do vírus. As larvas de S. frugiperda foram menos suscetíveis ao baculovírus quando alimentadas com folhas de algodão, apresentando as menores taxas de mortalidade (38 ± 4,17 e 70 ± 6,44%) com as duas concentrações testadas (2×106 e 2×107 CO/mL, respectivamente). O PL foi afetado pela concentração de vírus, dependendo da espécie de planta consumida e concentração de vírus testada. O PP foi afetado pela espécie de planta com a qual as larvas foram alimentadas. Não houve efeito da planta hospedeira na produção de CO do vírus. Nossos resultados demonstram um efeito adverso da planta hospedeira sobre a infectividade do vírus em S. frugiperda, especialmente um efeito deletério da planta de algodão na capacidade de infecção do vírus.Palavras-chave: lagarta-do-cartucho-do-milho, vírus entomopatogênico, interação tritrófica, planta hospedeira, algodão. 


1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Quiring ◽  
Jeremy N. McNeil

The effect of competition among similarly aged larvae of the alfalfa blotch leaf miner, Agromyza frontella (Rondani), was investigated in laboratory studies over a range of larval densities (1–10 larvae per leaflet) commonly found on alfalfa in Quebec. In these studies A. frontella larvae were found to be resource limited when developing in small leaflets and (or) with other larvae. Larval mortality owing to interference (cannibalism) during the first two larval instars, and exploitation (starvation) competition during the third and final instar, increased in a density-dependent manner. Prepupal and pupal mortality increased and pupal weight decreased as larval density increased. However, pupal developmental rates and adult sex ratios of survivors were not significantly affected by larval density. Interference competition during the first two larval instars reduced larval density and thus diminished the probability that third-instar larvae would be subjected to exploitation competition. These findings were confirmed under field conditions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Chaneiko ◽  
Andressa L. de Brida ◽  
Pedro G. Bassa ◽  
Marco H. F. Telles ◽  
Luana A. dos Santos ◽  
...  

Anastrepha fraterculus (Diptera: Tephritidae) is among the most important fruit pests in South America, and the use of entomopathogenic fungi is considered a promising alternative for its control. The objective of this work was to evaluate the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin and Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin on larvae and pupae of A. fraterculus, along with fungal effects on adult fly longevity. Fungal inoculations, fly larvae or pupae were placed in Petri dishes with 1 mL/plate, and the concentrations of 10, 15, 20 and 25 grams of commercial product/liter of water. Controls received water only. To evaluate the residual effect on adult flies, emerging adults were transferred to clean arenas and the adult longevity was monitored. Beauveria bassiana and M. anisopliae caused 93.3 and 96.7% larval mortality and 14.0 and 15.0% pupal mortality, respectively. The estimated LC50 and LC90 values were 22.56 and 40.87 g/L for B. bassiana, and of 23.45 and 42.02 g/L for M. anisopliae. Infected adult insects had shorter longevity than non-infected insects, with mean survival of 8.0 and 83.5 days for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively.


2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Tripathi ◽  
S.K. Tiwari

Abstract The present investigation reveals the influence of methoprene, an IGR, on the ontogeny, growth duration and adult longevity of the rice moth Corcyra cephalonica. Twenty-five larvae of different instars (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th) of C. cephalonica were exposed to the juvenile hormone analogue methoprene in order to evaluate its potential effect on larval mortality, pupation, pupal mortality, adult emergence, growth duration and adult longevity. These different instars larvae were treated with 2, 4, 8 and 12 ppm of methoprene in an artificial diet (coarsely ground jowar mixed with 5% yeast powder) where the control received acetone alone. The results reveal significant differences in all the parameters mentioned above as compared to the control.


Author(s):  
Eman Mohammed Abd-ElAzeem ◽  
Warda Ahmed Zaki El-Medany ◽  
Hend Mohammed Sabry

AbstractBiological activities of spores and metabolites of some fungi isolated from dead larva of the spiny bollworms (SBW), Earias insulana (Boisd.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), against the newly hatched larvae of the pest were carried out. Results showed that the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae, Acremonium sp., and Paecilomyces variotii had affected the newly hatched larvae of (SBW). Acremonium sp. was the most potent one as it had the highest newly hatched larval mortality percentage (65 and 58.33%) for its spore suspension and metabolites, respectively, while the lowest one (41%) was for P. variotii metabolites. Also, spore suspensions of the all fungal isolates had the highest larval mortality than fungal metabolites. Studying the enzymatic activity showed that Acremonium sp. produced protease enzyme on media containing gelatin, which caused the highest larval mortality (72.22%).These isolates showed different effects on all stages of the pest and decreased pupal weight, adult emergence percentages, deposited eggs, and hatchability percentages than the control. Identification of Acremonium sp. EZ1 was confirmed using 18 s rRNA and its accession number MN25101.


2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Santos ◽  
Alcides Moino Junior ◽  
Vanessa Andaló ◽  
Camila Costa Moreira ◽  
Ricardo Alves de Olinda

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are used in biological control of soil insects and show promise in the control of D. speciosa. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of native and exotic entomopathogenic nematode isolates in the control of D. speciosa under laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Results showed that all of EPNs caused larval mortality. The most virulent were Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 (94%), Steinernema glaseri (84%), Heterorhabditis sp. JPM04 (82%) and Heterorhabditis amazonensis RSC05 (78%). There was no effect of the Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and S. glaseri isolates on eggs. The maximum mortality of D. speciosa larvae by Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 was observed at a concentration of 300 IJ/ insect, while by S. glaseri observed the highest mortality at the concentration of 200 IJ/ insect. The Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 isolate caused over 80% pupal mortality at a concentration of 250 IJ/insect. The virulence of Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 and S. glaseri was affected by temperature. The Heterorhabditis sp. RSC01 isolate caused reduction in larva survival under greenhouse conditions at all of the tested concentrations and there was no difference in mortality among different concentrations of infectid juveniles.


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