scholarly journals THE INFECTIVITY OF SFMNPV ON FALL ARMYWORM IS INFLUENCED BY THE HOST PLANT

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
IGOR HENRIQUE SENA DA SILVA ◽  
VICTOR HUGO DUARTE DA COSTA ◽  
JULIANO DE CARVALHO CURY ◽  
FERNANDO HERCOS VALICENTE ◽  
RICARDO ANTONIO POLANCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Virus Production ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Plant Host

ABSTRACT - This work evaluated the infectivity and production of occlusion bodies (OBs) of the SfMNPV-6NR on fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, when fed on different host plants. The experiment was performed in laboratory, in a completely randomized design using two concentrations of SfMNPV-6NR (2×106 and 2×107 OBs/mL) and six different host plants (soybean, corn, cotton, bean, sorghum and millet). The larval mortality, larval weight (LW), pupal weight (PW) of S. frugiperda and the production of OBs by virus were evaluated. S. frugiperda larvae were less susceptible to baculovirus when fed on cotton leaves (38 ± 4.17 and 70 ± 6.44% mortality) in the two concentrations tested (2×106 and 2×107 OBs/mL, respectively). The LW was affected by the virus concentration depending on the plant species consumed and the virus concentrations. The PW was affected by the plant species used to feed larvae. There was no effect of the host plant on the OBs virus production. The results demonstrate adverse effects of the host plant on the infectivity of the SfMNPV-6NR in S. frugiperda, especially a deleterious effect of the cotton plant in the virus infection capacity.Keywords: Fall armyworm, entomopathogenic virus, tritrophic interaction, plant host, cotton. A INFECTIVIDADE DE SfMNPV SOBRE A LAGARTA-DO-CARTUCHO É INFLUENCIADA PELA PLANTA HOSPEDEIRA  RESUMO – Este trabalho avaliou a capacidade de infecção e produção de corpos de oclusão (CO) de SfMNPV- 6NR sobre a lagarta-do-cartucho, Spodoptera frugiperda, quando alimentada em diferentes plantas hospedeiras. O experimento foi realizado em laboratório, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando duas concentrações de SfMNPV-6NR (2×106 e 2×107 CO/mL) e seis diferentes plantas hospedeiras (soja, milho, algodão, feijão, sorgo e milheto). Foram avaliados a mortalidade larval, o peso de larvas mortas (PL), o peso de pupa (PP) e a produção de CO do vírus. As larvas de S. frugiperda foram menos suscetíveis ao baculovírus quando alimentadas com folhas de algodão, apresentando as menores taxas de mortalidade (38 ± 4,17 e 70 ± 6,44%) com as duas concentrações testadas (2×106 e 2×107 CO/mL, respectivamente). O PL foi afetado pela concentração de vírus, dependendo da espécie de planta consumida e concentração de vírus testada. O PP foi afetado pela espécie de planta com a qual as larvas foram alimentadas. Não houve efeito da planta hospedeira na produção de CO do vírus. Nossos resultados demonstram um efeito adverso da planta hospedeira sobre a infectividade do vírus em S. frugiperda, especialmente um efeito deletério da planta de algodão na capacidade de infecção do vírus.Palavras-chave: lagarta-do-cartucho-do-milho, vírus entomopatogênico, interação tritrófica, planta hospedeira, algodão. 

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

scholarly journals Bioactivity of Common Pesticidal Plants on Fall Armyworm Larvae (Spodoptera frugiperda)

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelita Phambala ◽  
Yolice Tembo ◽  
Trust Kasambala ◽  
Vernon H. Kabambe ◽  
Philip C. Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Foliar Damage

The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a recent invasive pest species that has successfully established across sub-Saharan Africa where it continues to disrupt agriculture, particularly smallholder cereal production. Management of FAW in its native range in the Americas has led to the development of resistance to many commercial pesticides before its arrival in Africa. Pesticide use may therefore be ineffective for FAW control in Africa, so new and more sustainable approaches to pest management are required that can help reduce the impact of this exotic pest. Pesticidal plants provide an effective and established approach to pest management in African smallholder farming and recent research has shown that their use can be cost-beneficial and sustainable. In order to optimize the use of botanical extracts for FAW control, we initially screened ten commonly used plant species. In laboratory trials, contact toxicity and feeding bioassays showed differential effects. Some plant species had little to no effect when compared to untreated controls; thus, only the five most promising plant species were selected for more detailed study. In contact toxicity tests, the highest larval mortality was obtained from Nicotiana tabacum (66%) and Lippia javanica (66%). Similarly, in a feeding bioassay L. javanica (62%) and N. tabacum (60%) exhibited high larval mortality at the highest concentration evaluated (10% w/v). Feeding deterrence was evaluated using glass-fibre discs treated with plant extracts, which showed that Cymbopogon citratus (36%) and Azadirachta indica (20%) were the most potent feeding deterrents among the pesticidal plants evaluated. In a screenhouse experiment where living maize plants infested with fall armyworm larvae were treated with plant extracts, N. tabacum and L. javanica were the most potent species at reducing foliar damage compared to the untreated control whilst the synthetic pesticide chlorpyrifos was the most effective in reducing fall armyworm foliar damage. Further field trial evaluation is recommended, particularly involving smallholder maize fields to assess effectiveness across a range of contexts.

scholarly journals Preferable Host Plants of Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae in Southern Punjab Pakistan under Laboratory Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ramzan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Larval Feeding ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
The World ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is considered an important noctuid moth pest of agricultural crops all over the world and recently become an invasive pest in Pakistan. The crops belonging to Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae families are highly affected with this pest. The description of host plants is very important in understanding the biology, ecology and application of most effective techniques against the pest. By keeping in view, the importance of this pest, the current study was conducted to evaluate the most preferable host plant such as maize, potato, cabbage, cotton and lehli for this pest in the study area. The results showed that cabbage and maize were the most suitable hosts for larval feeding. The incubation period was recorded 2.00 and 2.12 days on cabbage and maize, respectively. The developmental period of larvae was found longer on cabbage as compared to maize. Potato, cotton and lehli were not found suitable for pest rearing. The study concluded that maize and cabbage are the most suitable hosts for S. frugiperda larvae under natural and controlled conditions.

scholarly journals Behavioral and Physiological Plasticity Provides Insights into Molecular Based Adaptation Mechanism to Strain Shift in Spodoptera frugiperda

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10284
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Xiaowei Li ◽  
Farman Ullah ◽  
Zhijun Zhang ◽  
Jinming Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism

How herbivorous insects adapt to host plants is a key question in ecological and evolutionary biology. The fall armyworm, (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), although polyphagous and a major pest on various crops, has been reported to have a rice and corn (maize) feeding strain in its native range in the Americas. The species is highly invasive and has recently established in China. We compared behavioral changes in larvae and adults of a corn population (Corn) when selected on rice (Rice) and the molecular basis of these adaptational changes in midgut and antennae based on a comparative transcriptome analysis. Larvae of S. frugiperda reared on rice plants continuously for 20 generations exhibited strong feeding preference for with higher larval performance and pupal weight on rice than on maize plants. Similarly, females from the rice selected population laid significantly more eggs on rice as compared to females from maize population. The most highly expressed DEGs were shown in the midgut of Rice vs. Corn. A total of 6430 DEGs were identified between the populations mostly in genes related to digestion and detoxification. These results suggest that potential adaptations for feeding on rice crops, may contribute to the current rapid spread of fall armyworm on rice crops in China and potentially elsewhere. Consistently, highly expressed DEGs were also shown in antennae; a total of 5125 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) s were identified related to the expansions of major chemosensory genes family in Rice compared to the Corn feeding population. These results not only provide valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms in host plants adaptation of S. frugiperda but may provide new gene targets for the management of this pest.

Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Rwomushana
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest ◽  
The Ideal

Abstract The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, is a lepidopteran pest that feeds in large numbers on the leaves, stems and reproductive parts of more than 350 plant species, causing major damage to economically important cultivated grasses such as maize, rice, sorghum, sugarcane and wheat but also other vegetable crops and cotton. Native to the Americas, it has been repeatedly intercepted at quarantine in Europe and was first reported from Africa in 2016 where it caused significant damage to maize crops. In 2018, S. frugiperda was first reported from the Indian subcontinent (Ganiger et al., 2018; Sharanabasappa Kalleshwaraswamy et al., 2018). It has since invaded Bangladesh, Thailand, Myanmar, China and Sri Lanka (IPPC, 2018b, 2019; FAO, 2019c). The ideal climatic conditions for fall armyworm present in many parts of Africa and Asia, and the abundance of suitable host plants suggests the pest can produce several generations in a single season, and is likely to lead to the pest becoming endemic.

Cynipidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) fauna of Kazdağı National Park (Turkey)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4802 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-334
Author(s):  
GAMZE KARACA ◽  
YUSUF KATILMIŞ
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Locality Record ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Host Plant Species

Field surveys were carried out to determine the richness of the Cynipidae fauna of Kazdağı National Park, located on the border of Edremit county (Balıkesir province, Turkey). Gall samples of cynipids were collected or photographed on Quercus and Rosa host plants. As a result, 53 cynipid species belonging to 3 different tribes were found or observed in the surveyed area. 14 and 8 species were recorded as new for the Cynipidae fauna of Balıkesir and Çanakkale provinces respectively, including the first locality record of Andricus hystrix Trotter, 1897 for Turkey. In addition, color photos of reared cynipid wasps from their galls and the observed cynipid galls on their host plant species are presented. 

scholarly journals Characterization of insect galls from a vegetation area in Altinópolis, São Paulo State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Das Neves Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Isabel Protti de Andrade Balbi ◽  
Maria Virginia Urso-Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Insect Galls ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Herein, we studied the occurrence of insect galls from natural vegetation around the Itambé Cave, Altinópolis, SP, Brazil. A sampling effort of 7.5 hours resulted in 41 gall morphotypes on 21 host plant species from 14 families. The richest families of host plants in morphotypes were Fabaceae (N = 11), Euphorbiaceae (N = 7), and Malpighiaceae (N = 5). Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. (N = 8), Croton floribundus Spreng. (N = 7), Diplopterys pubipetala (A. Juss.) W.R. Anderson & C.C. Davis (N = 5), and Bauhinia holophylla (Bong.) Steud. (N = 4) were the super host plant species. Among the gall makers obtained, cecidomyiids were reared in 81% of cases and Hemiptera (Diaspididae), Hymenoptera (Eurytomidae), Coleoptera (Apion sp./Apionidae), and Lepidoptera in 4.5% of cases, each. The parasitoids belong to the Chalcidoidea superfamily (Hymenoptera). One new species of Camptoneuromyiia (Cecidomyiidae) was found in Smilax oblongifolia Pohl ex Griseb. (Smilacaceae) as inquiline and a new species of Lestodiplosis in Diplopterys pubipetala (Malpighiaceae) was a predator. We also present the first register of Bauhinia holophylla as host plants of Cecidomyiidae, and we expand the occurrence of Rochadiplosis tibouchinae Tavares and Couridiplosis vena to São Paulo State. The results of this paper are a continuation of the description of gall morphotypes from the vegetation in Northeastern São Paulo State, and they also increase knowledge about the diversity of host plant and gall-maker associations in the Neotropical region.

scholarly journals Importance of Host Plant Species, Neotyphodium Endophyte Isolate, and Alkaloids on Feeding by Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Larvae

2006 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1462-1473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier J.-P. Ball ◽  
Thomas A. Coudron ◽  
Brian A. Tapper ◽  
Elizabeth Davies ◽  
David Trently ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
Neotyphodium Endophyte ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

scholarly journals KISARAN INANG DAN DINAMIKA POPULASI Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) DI PERTANAMAN CABAI MERAH

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Hendrival Hendrival ◽  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Ali Nurmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Population Dynamic ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Chili Pepper ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Abundant Population

The study of host range and population dynamic of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fiel dswas conducted in Sub-district of Pakem, District of Sleman, Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta during dry season of May-October 2009. The study of host plants of B. tabaci from the red chili pepper fields revealed that there were 27 species of host plants belong to 22 genera of 13 families including crops and weeds. The host plants belong to families of Araceae, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Capparidaceae, Convolvulaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Oxalidaceae, Papilionaceae, Rubiaceae, Solanaceae and Sterculiaceae. The host plant families of Asteraceae and Euphorbiaceae had the most abundant population of B. tabaci. Geminivirus-like symptoms were found in the weeds of A. conyzoides and A. boehmerioides. Population of B. tabaci adults correlated with abundance of host plant species found in the red chili pepper fields. The population of B. tabaci in red chili pepper fields was affected by natural enemy population. Population dynamic of the parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. correlated with population dynamic of the parasitized nymph of B. tabaci. Parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. was potentially good in controlling population of B. tabaci nymph in red chili pepper fields.

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