scholarly journals In search of opportunities for development of microinsurance by drawing on the experience of previous generations

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-873
Author(s):  
Wanda Sułkowska
Keyword(s):  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Religious Communities ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Savings And Loan ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Insurance Density ◽  
Set Up

Motivation: Notwithstanding the 30 years of the market economy, the Polish insurance market still reveals an exceptionally low level of penetration rates and insurance density. Attempts should be made to reduce the protection gap by introducing and popularising microinsurance products. Aim: The research aims to establish whether there exists a need for microinsurance products in Poland and whether there are conditions for its development, which groups it should target and what methods and institutions can reduce the protection gap. Results: Data analysis demonstrated that in Poland the lowest use of insurance coverage to manage risk occurs in the lowest income households, comprising groups of people with relatively low education: disability pensioners, farmers and workers. This results in lack of or limited access to insurance. Looking for a way to counteract this phenomenon, I suggest introducing and popularising microinsurance products targeting towards the above-mentioned groups. However, the use of remote microinsurance distribution channels may prove highly ineffective. Considering the above and the lack of trust in entities operating in the insurance market, it is recommended to create a legal environment enabling the inclusion of institutions and organisations acceptable to and enjoying the trust of these circles in processes involving marketing, distribution and, partially, the servicing of microinsurance. These players should consist of civic organisations, such as volunteer fire brigades, rural housewives’ clubs, activist organisations from religious communities, as well as those set up for mutual protection, e.g., relief and loan funds and savings and loan funds. A separate group targeted by microinsurance should consist of people who are young, open to new trends and interested in obtaining insurance coverage for a limited time, e.g., for the short period when they use a means of personal transport or other rented equipment, for which coverage can be obtained and paid for quickly and without undue formalities.

scholarly journals Development of the Regulation of Insurance Intermediaries in the Czech Republic

2019 ◽  
pp. 343-352
Author(s):  
Martina Krügerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Main Channel ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Registered Intermediaries ◽  
Selection Of

In the insurance market, various distribution channels can be selected to distribute an insurance coverage. The selection of those channels depend on many factors and specific criteria. The insurance intermediaries represent the main channel for external distribution channels (also called the intermediary channel). The aim of this article is to summarise the legal regulation of insurance intermediaries and to show changes in the development of registered intermediaries.

Arthur Conan Doyle and Medical London: Reading the Topography of Round the Red Lamp

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-313
Author(s):  
Roger Luckhurst
Keyword(s):  
General Practitioner ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Arthur Conan Doyle ◽  
Set Up

This essay explores the short period of time that Arthur Conan Doyle spent between March and June 1891 when he moved his family into rooms in Bloomsbury and took a consulting room near Harley Street in an attempt to set up as an eye specialist. This last attempt to move up the professional hierarchy from general practitioner to specialist tends to be seen as a final impulsive move before Conan Doyle decided to become a full-time writer in June 1891. The essay aims to elaborate a little on the medical contexts for Conan Doyle’s brief spell in London, and particularly to track the medical topography in which he placed himself, situated between the radical, reformist Bloomsbury medical institutions and the fame and riches of the society doctors of Harley Street. These ambivalences are tracked in the medical fiction he published in Round the Red Lamp, his peculiar collection of medical tales and doctoring in 1894.

scholarly journals The impact of welfare reform on the health insurance coverage, utilization and health of low education single mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Narain ◽  
Marianne Bitler ◽  
Ninez Ponce ◽  
Gerald Kominski ◽  
Susan Ettner
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Health Insurance Coverage ◽  
Low Education ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Study On The Configuration Of Distribution Channels For New Automobiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Ubiratã Tortato ◽  
Roberto Marx
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Explanatory Model ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Legal Environment ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Distribution Trends

This paper proposes an explanatory model for the configuration of automobile distribution channels. A case study was developed, using two sources of information: 1) the literature on the distribution of specialty goods and on automobile distribution and 2) interviews conducted with dealers and automakers. The survey allowed the identification of three variables for the proposed model: dealer size, consumer behavior and the legal environment. The model comprises three possible organizational forms for the distribution business: isolated single-brand, single-brand group, and multi-brand group. This study is expected to contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of the sector, as well as to support the analysis of future auto distribution trends.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES BY ACTIVITIES OF INSURANCE COMPANIES: INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Vilenchuk O.
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Insurance Market ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Insurance Company ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Innovative Management

This review article is devoted to the study of innovative strategies for managing the activities of insurance companies. In the condi-tions of risky environment, rather high probability occurrence of threats of natural and technogenic character, problems concerning the necessity of a scientific substantiation of the process of the insurance market stakeholders’ interaction aggravate. It is established that insurance in the world economic space is an indispensable financial and economic tool for neutralizing a variety of risks, especially given today’s the socio-economic, financial, epidemiological dangers. It is proved that despite the key parameters’ positive dynamics of the Ukrainian insurance market development for 2009-2019, there is a need to intensify business and investment activity of its participants. The competitive environment of the insurance market requires insurance companies to implement innovative management strategies focused primarily on solving two interrelated problems: firstly, the expansion of property risks’ insurance coverage, as well as risks related to citizens’ life, health and ability to work, secondly, the formation of the insurers’ solvency and ensuring an acceptable level of insurance operations’ profitability in terms of certain types of insurance. It is determined that one of the primary tasks of the insurance company’s management is the management of its business processes aimed at forming a model of customer-oriented behaviour in relation to potential customers. The article emphasizes the need to use a variety of innovative management strategies to achieve medium-term and long-term goals of the company in the insurance market. In particular, the expediency of diversification and the use of alternative pricing strategies for insurance services for long-term and general types of insurance is argued. Proposals aimed at digitalization of the insurance market and wide application of FinTech technologies in the field of insurance services are formulated: automated underwriting, IOT-technologies; blockchain in insurance. Summarizing the results of the study, the author’s vision of the further insurance relations’ functioning of in society is specified. Keywords: risks, insurance company, insurers, insurance protection, insurance market stakeholders, management. Статтю присвячено дослідженню інноваційних стратегій управління діяльністю страхових компаній. В умовах ризикогенного середовища, досить високої ймовірності виникнення загроз природного та техногенного характеру загострюються проблеми щодо необхідності наукового обґрунтування процесу взаємодії стейкхолдерів страхового ринку. Аргументовано, що страхування у світовому економічному просторі є незамінним фінансово-економічним інструментом нейтралізації найрізноманітніших ризиків, особливо зважаючи на соціально-економічні, фінансові та епідеміологічні небезпеки сучасності. Визначено, що одним із першочергових завдань менеджменту страхової компанії є управління її бізнес-процесами, спрямованими на формування мо-делі клієнтоорієнтованості відносно потенційних клієнтів. Наголошено на необхідності використання різноманітних інноваційних стратегій управління для досягнення середньострокових та довгострокових цілей компанії на страховому ринку. Зокрема, аргу-ментовано доцільність здійснення диверсифікації та використання альтернативних стратегій ціноутворення на страхові послуги з довгострокових та загальних видів страхування. Сформульовано пропозиції, спрямовані на цифровізацію страхового ринку та широке застосування FinTech-технологій у сфері страхових послуг: автоматизований андерайтинг, ІОТ-технології; блокчейн у страхуванні. Узагальнюючи результати проведеного дослідження, конкретизовано авторські підходи до подальшого функціонування страхових відносин у суспільстві.Ключові слова: ризики, страхова компанія, страхувальники, страховий захист, стейкхолдери страхового ринку, управління.

Slow Wave Sleep During a Brief Nap is Related to Reduced Cognitive Deficits During Sleep Deprivation

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle E Stepan ◽  
Erik M Altmann ◽  
Kimberly M Fenn
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Slow Wave ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Attention Task ◽  
Performance Deficits ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Sleeping for a short period (i.e., napping) may help mitigate impairments in cognitive processing caused by sleep deprivation, but there is limited research on effects of brief naps in particular. Here, we tested the effect of a brief nap opportunity (30- or 60-min) during a period of sleep deprivation on two cognitive processes with broad scope, placekeeping and vigilant attention. In the evening, participants (N = 280) completed a placekeeping task (UNRAVEL) and a vigilant attention task (Psychomotor Vigilance Task [PVT]) and were randomly assigned to either stay awake overnight or sleep at home. Sleep-deprived participants were randomly assigned to receive either no nap opportunity, a 30-min opportunity, or a 60-min opportunity. Participants who napped were set up with polysomnography. The next morning, sleep participants returned, and all participants completed UNRAVEL and the PVT. Sleep deprivation impaired performance on both tasks, but nap opportunity did not reduce the impairment, suggesting that naps longer than those tested may be necessary to cause group differences. However, in participants who napped, more time spent in slow-wave sleep (SWS) was associated with reduced performance deficits on both tasks, effects we interpret in terms of the role of SWS in alleviating sleep pressure and facilitating memory consolidation.

Dilatancy-based impression and fabrication technique for custom foot orthoses

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa A Sletto ◽  
Yeongchi Wu ◽  
Christopher Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Clinic Visit ◽  
Technical Note ◽  
Foot Orthoses ◽  
Fabrication Technique ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Plaster Bandage ◽  
Foot Orthosis

Background and aim: Current methods used to take impressions for custom foot orthoses include plaster bandage, foam box, fiberglass, and laser-optical scanner. Impressions are converted to positive plaster or foam models. These methods create waste and may not be feasible in resource-limited areas. This technical note presents an alternative, greener impression and fabrication technique for foot orthoses that utilizes the dilatancy principle. Technique: Steps of the dilatancy (vacuum-based) procedure include taking an impression of the foot, converting the negative mold to a positive sand model, modifying the positive sand model, and thermoforming the foot orthosis. Discussion: This plaster-less system is inexpensive to set up and maintain, is reusable thereby minimizing cost and waste, and is clean to use. It enables a practitioner to quickly take an impression for fabricating a foot orthosis in a short period of time during a single clinic visit by the patient. Clinical relevance The dilatancy casting system could potentially be a cheaper, faster, and greener alternative procedure for fabricating custom foot orthoses in both developing and developed countries.

Overview of observed seismic signals on Mars

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savas Ceylan ◽  
John F. Clinton ◽  
Domenico Giardini ◽  
Maren Böse ◽  
Martin van Driel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Content ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Atmospheric Effects ◽  
Seismic Signals ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Ground Segment ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Data Content ◽  
Set Up

<p>InSight landed on Mars in late November 2018, and the SEIS package, which consists of one short period and one very broadband sensor, was deployed on the surface shortly after. The data returned by the InSight is monitored in a timely manner by the Marsquake Service (MQS), a ground segment support group of InSight that has been set up to establish and maintain the seismicity catalogue. The MQS has at least one member on duty who routinely checks the data for any type of seismic signals. All suspicious signals are then communicated to the InSight team after evaluation.</p><p>To date, MQS has identified more than 365 events which are classified into two general families as high and low frequency, with each family having unique features in terms of their energy content. The most distinct quakes detected so far belong to the low frequency family that occurred on Sol 173 and 235, and have clear P and S-wave arrivals that reveal a distance around 30 degrees east of the lander, pointing the region in the vicinity of Cerberus Fossae. In addition to the signals of seismic origin, the SEIS data contain features that originate from other sources such as atmospheric effects or electronics. Part of these non-seismic observations may resemble quakes which may lead to wrong interpretations, and therefore require careful analysis.</p><p>Here, we show examples of signals of both seismic and non-seismic origins. We describe the characteristics of these observations in time and frequency domains in order to give an overview of martian data content.</p>

scholarly journals THE TRANSMISSION AND TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS OPHTHALMIA OF CATTLE

1924 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Jones ◽  
Ralph B. Little
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Warm Weather ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
Fine Spray ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Nasal Passages ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Gain Access

The experiments in which transmission of the disease was attempted by flies hardly parallel the observations within the herd. It is not unusual to observe large numbers of flies feeding on the exudate. Slight disturbances may interrupt feeding and cause the flies to disperse and within a short period alight about the eyes of other cows. The experiments, however, bring out the fact that the bacterium will not remain viable for even a few minutes in the digestive tract of the fly. Its life on the external surfaces of the fly is extremely short and in our observations has not exceeded 3 hours. The latter fact strengthens the opinion that in the main the infection is not dust-borne since the bacterium soon dies when not in contact with the eye. Two other points are of considerable significance. The ability of the organism to maintain itself on the eye for considerable periods after the acute symptoms have subsided may explain the reappearance of cases during the warmer months. The organism can exist in the eye throughout the winter and with the warm weather flies may transmit it to other susceptible individuals and thus a nucleus of an epidemic may be established. The presence of the organism in the nasal passages in the incubation stage and early in the disease in two of our experimental animals affords an explanation for the appearance of the disease in sporadic cases in the colder months. It is assumed that nasal exudate as a fine spray may be forcibly expelled and directly reach the eyeball of a normal individual. It has been shown that small quantities of culture sprayed on the cornea are capable of giving rise to the characteristic disease. The irregularity of the elimination of the organism through the nostril may be explained by the effect of inflammation on the tear duct. In experimental cases a small quantity of bouillon containing the culture was dropped or sprayed on the cornea. Doubtless the bacilli are deposited on the mucosa of the tear duct. Here they may multiply and set up an inflammation and thus gain access to the nasal passage. To what degree the virus is spread by the forcible expulsion of nasal secretion containing lacrimal fluid cannot be determined. The elimination of the bacilli from the nasal passage in our experimental inoculations leads us to believe that in the main the phenomenon is associated with early infections. The examination of the nasal passages of a large number of well established cases with negative findings tends to corroborate this view. Of interest to those concerned with the treatment of animal diseases is the readiness with which the inflammation subsides when treated with 1:40 zinc sulfate.

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