scholarly journals New knowledge generation capabilities and economic performance of Polish regions

Equilibrium ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kondratiuk-Nierodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Economic growth is a process of long-term transformation shaped by complex interactions between technology, economy, institutions and social factors. A considerable number of studies have shown that among these factors technological advancement and particularly new knowledge generation capabilities may be one of the most important determinants of economic growth and development. Significant disparities in development levels can be observed between Polish regions. The aim of this paper is to look for the sources of these disparities in regional capacity for new knowledge creation. The research method adopted in this paper is based on statistical analysis of the relationship between variables describing new knowledge generation capabilities and GDP per capita in two periods: 2003–2004 and 2012–2013 in 16 Polish regions. Correlation and regression analysis results show that there is a strong positive relationship between regional differences in new knowledge generation capabilities and variations in GDP per capita. The relationship is very strong when one considers three aspects of these capabilities: R&D employment and R&D expenditures denoting inputs to the new knowledge generation process and patenting activity representing its output. These results may serve as an indication for innovation policy at regional level.

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from Greece

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Antonia Gkergki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Econometric Tests ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between the energy consumption and economic growth from 1968 to 2019 in Greece, by employing the vector error-correction model estimation. A series of econometric tests are employed concerning the stationary of the data, and the co-integration and the relationship among the variables during the long- and short-term. The em-pirical results suggest that there is no bidirectional relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. More specifically, GDP per capita does not affect the energy consump-tion of the three primary sources either in the long-term or the short-term. In other words, the economic crisis and its implications for GDP do not affect energy consumption, and they are not responsible for the considerable decrease in energy sources' consumption. On the other hand, the energy consumption of oil and coal negatively affect the GDP per capita. These re-sults are different from previous studies' conclusions for Greece; this is because the never been experienced before. These findings raise new research questions and also show the limi-tations of the Greek market, as it is regulated and controlled by the government.

The Relationship Among Military Expenditure, High Technological Product Exports, and Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 624-645
Author(s):  
Sevgi Sezer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
G7 Countries ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

In this chapter, the effects of military expenditure (MEXP) on high-tech exports (HTX) and GDP per capita (GDPPC) of G7 and new industrialized countries (NIC) are analyzed for period 1988-2015 by panel data analysis. The causality relationships between the series are examined by Dumitrescu and Hurlin test. In G7 countries, one-way causality relationship from HTX to MEXP and two-way causality relationship between MEXP and GDPPC have been identified. Also, in NIC countries, two-way causality relationship between HTX and MEXP and one-way causality relationship from GDPPC to MEXP have been determined. Cointegration relations are tested by Pedroni test and the series are found to be cointegrated. It is seen that in the G7 countries, 1% increase in MEXP during the period of 1988-2015 increased HTX by 0.71% and GDPPC by 0.98%. In NIC countries, the 1% increase in MEXP increased HTX by 1.7% and GDPPC by 0.96%. The effect of MEXP on HTX is found much higher in NIC countries.

scholarly journals The problem of economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senanu Kwasi Klutse
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Savings Rate ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

A wide range of policy-related variables have a persistent influence on economic growth. This has consistently maintained the interest of economists on the determinants of economic growth over the years. There is consensus however that for countries to grow sustainably, a lot of stall must be placed on higher savings rate as this makes it easy for such countries to grow faster because they endogenously allocate more resources to inventive activities. Due to data difficulties in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) it is nearly impossible for one to consider important variables such as accumulation of knowledge and human capital when analysing growth sustainability. Studying four lower middle-income countries in SSA – Ghana, Republic of Congo, Kenya and Lesotho – this study tests the hypothesis of sustainable growth by using a Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) model to examine the relationship between savings, investment, budget deficit and the growth variable. The results showed that savings had a significant but negative relationship with the GDP per capita (PPP). A Granger Causality test conducted showed that savings does not granger cause GDP per capita (PPP), the HDI index, deficit and investment. This leads to the conclusion that growth in these countries are not sustainable. The study recommends that policy makers focus on the savings variable if these countries will want to achieve sustainable growth.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Relationship Between GDP Per Capita and Inequality in the Balkan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Edgar J. Saucedo-Acosta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:The paper aims to estimate the effect of inequality on the economic growth of Balkan countries for the period 2001-2017. In addition, the effect of capital stock on GDP per capita (GDPpc) for the Balkan countries was estimated. The low level of financial inclusion on the Balkan region produces an underinvestment of human capital and affects the low-income households, leading to an increase in inequality. Low levels of equality and capital stock negatively impact economic growth.

scholarly journals Determinants Of Economic Growth: Evidence From American Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhuang ◽  
Robert St. Juliana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Solow Model ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explores determinants of economic growth using variables from traditional Solow model and recent empirical studies. The study covers data on American countries during the period 1995-2006.  The estimates show that per capita, GDP growth is positively related to capital expenditure, primary completion rate and trade openness and the relationship is statistically significant. Furthermore, population growth rate and investment in research and development have positive impacts on economic growth, yet the effects are not significant.

scholarly journals Approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of investments in higher education

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-529
Author(s):  
Aleksander P. Tsypin ◽  
◽  
Anna A. Firsova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Per Capita

Introduction. The role of the importance of higher education in the formation of human capital as a strategic resource of social progress and sustainable development of the country determines the relevance of studies that allow assessing the interdetermination of education and economic growth. The purpose of the article is to identify approaches to assessing the effectiveness of investments in higher education and modeling their impact on the economic growth of post-Soviet countries. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is testing the author's hypothesis and econometric modeling of the influence of macroeconomic indicators characterizing the state of the higher education system on the resulting indicator of gross domestic product per capita as an indicator of economic growth according to data from 15 post-Soviet countries. Methods of economic analysis, statistical and econometric methods were used. For empirical analysis, we used statistical data from the Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, the World Bank, and the United Nations. Results. The research hypothesis about the positive impact of spending on higher education on the economic growth of the post-Soviet countries has been confirmed. The greatest response to GDP per capita is observed from the indicators "Spending on research and development" and "Admission of high school graduates to higher education". Prediction of the obtained models shows the possibility of a significant increase in GDP per capita with an increase in spending on higher education with a corresponding congruent development of the institutional environment of the post-Soviet countries. Taking into account the identified factors makes it possible to determine priorities for a balanced education and innovation policy in the post-Soviet countries. Conclusions. Empirically substantiated the need to increase investment in the higher education sector to accelerate economic growth and level economic inequality, which must be taken into account when implementing policies in the context of structural reforms in higher education in post-Soviet countries and determining the amount of investment in higher education.

scholarly journals The Differential Impact of Financial Intermediation on Economic Growth in Oil-Dependent Economies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
Anthony Anyanwu ◽  
Christopher Gan ◽  
Baiding Hu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Panel Cointegration Test ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyses the relationship between bank credit and economic growth. We extend existing literature by treating separately the oil and non-oil sectors of 28 oil-dependent economies from 1990-2012. We employ panel cointegration and pooled mean group estimation techniques which are appropriate for drawing conclusions from dynamic heterogenous panels. The results of the panel cointegration test indicate that bank credit has no significant long-run relationship with non-oil GDP per capita. The results of the pooled mean group estimator reveal no significant long-run impact of bank credit on non-oil GDP per capita. Overall results suggest that banks do not yet provide adequate credit to stimulate non-oil economic growth. The policy implication of our findings is that the financial sector should be more involved in productive investment activities to promote inclusive growth.

scholarly journals Economic growth and under-five malaria mortality in Tanzania mainland: from correlation analysis to causality

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwoya Byaro ◽  
Abeli Kinyondo ◽  
Patrick Musonda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Malaria Mortality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper establishes empirical evidence related with correlation and causality between economic growth (as measured by GDP per capita) and under-five malaria mortality in Tanzania Mainland. The goal is to contribute knowledge on the existing relationship between economic growth and under-five malaria mortality. Correlation and scatter regression analysis plot were employed to find out the relationship among the (GDP per Capita), Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs) distributed, Human Resources (physicians and nurses) and under-five malaria mortality from the year 2004 to 2015. Moreover, Granger Causality test was applied to test the causal link between the economic growth and under-five malaria Mortality. The economic growth (as measured by GDP per Capita) and number of ITNs distributed under various malaria campaigns have significant unidirectional causality to under-five malaria mortality while there is no causality evidence between human resource for health (physicians and nurses) and under-five malaria mortality despite the observed correlation relationship. Since economic growth and ITNs have unidirectional causal link with under-five malaria mortality, it implies that any changes in GDP per Capita and ITNs will change under-five malaria mortality. The researchers and policy makers need to gather more evidence on ITNs and economic growth to assess the risk of under-five malaria mortality to inform decision making.

scholarly journals Does the post-socialist past determine the relationship between GDP per capita and education? Evidence from Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Banász ◽  
Vivien Valéria Csányi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Enrolment Rate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Education is one of the key factors of economic growth. Despite the huge amount of researches investigating the relationship between education and GDP as a proxy of well-being, to the best of our knowledge, none of these studies examined a group of post-socialist countries comparing with not-post-socialist countries. This paper aims to fill this gap. We examine the correlation between growth and education with panel data evidence for 18 post-socialist (PS) countries and 16 developed market economies (DME) over the 1990–2014 period. The goal of this paper is to test two hypotheses: (i) The relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger in the post-socialist countries than in other countries. (ii) In the post-socialist countries, the relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger than the relationship between GDP per capita and any other level of education. Correlation analyses confirmed both hypotheses. Our findings suggest that the patterns of relationship between GDP and measures of tertiary education are different for PS and DME countries and would be interesting to observe when and how the gap between the patterns disappears.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Association of Economic Growth with Lung Function of Chinese Children and Adolescents over 30 Years: Evidence from Seven Successive National Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6592
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Gan ◽  
Kehong Yu ◽  
Xu Wen ◽  
Yijuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

(1) Background: Recent studies reported that decrease in lung function of Chinese children and adolescents continues to decline, although the change has been insignificant and has reached a plateau. However, studies have not explored the relationship between lung function and economic development in China. This study sought to explore the longitudinal association between socio-economic indicators and lung function; (2) Method: Data were obtained from seven successive national surveys conducted by the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health from 1985 to 2014. Lung function of school-age children (7–22 years) was determined using forced vital capacity (FVC). GDP per capita and urbanization ratio were used as economic indicators. A fixed-effects model was employed to examine the longitudinal association after adjusting for height, weight, and time trends; (3) Results: Socio-economic indicators showed a U-curve relationship with lung function of boys and girls from urban and rural areas. Lung function initially decreased with GDP per capita or urbanization ratio and reached a minimum. Lung function then increased with increase in GDP per capita or urbanization ratio. The findings indicate that the relationship between economic growth and lung function is different in different development stages. In less-developed provinces, economic growth was negatively correlated with lung function, whereas, in developed provinces, economic growth was positively correlated with lung function; (4) Conclusion: The findings of the current study show that economic growth has significantly different effects on lung function at different economic levels. Therefore, governments should improve lung health in children and adolescents from low and middle economic regions.

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