scholarly journals Does the post-socialist past determine the relationship between GDP per capita and education? Evidence from Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-589
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Banász ◽  
Vivien Valéria Csányi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Enrolment Rate ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

Education is one of the key factors of economic growth. Despite the huge amount of researches investigating the relationship between education and GDP as a proxy of well-being, to the best of our knowledge, none of these studies examined a group of post-socialist countries comparing with not-post-socialist countries. This paper aims to fill this gap. We examine the correlation between growth and education with panel data evidence for 18 post-socialist (PS) countries and 16 developed market economies (DME) over the 1990–2014 period. The goal of this paper is to test two hypotheses: (i) The relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger in the post-socialist countries than in other countries. (ii) In the post-socialist countries, the relationship between GDP per capita and tertiary education’s enrolment rate is stronger than the relationship between GDP per capita and any other level of education. Correlation analyses confirmed both hypotheses. Our findings suggest that the patterns of relationship between GDP and measures of tertiary education are different for PS and DME countries and would be interesting to observe when and how the gap between the patterns disappears.

The relationship between energy consumption and economic growth: New evidence from Greece

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-153
Author(s):  
Antonia Gkergki
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Econometric Tests ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines the relationship between the energy consumption and economic growth from 1968 to 2019 in Greece, by employing the vector error-correction model estimation. A series of econometric tests are employed concerning the stationary of the data, and the co-integration and the relationship among the variables during the long- and short-term. The em-pirical results suggest that there is no bidirectional relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. More specifically, GDP per capita does not affect the energy consump-tion of the three primary sources either in the long-term or the short-term. In other words, the economic crisis and its implications for GDP do not affect energy consumption, and they are not responsible for the considerable decrease in energy sources' consumption. On the other hand, the energy consumption of oil and coal negatively affect the GDP per capita. These re-sults are different from previous studies' conclusions for Greece; this is because the never been experienced before. These findings raise new research questions and also show the limi-tations of the Greek market, as it is regulated and controlled by the government.

scholarly journals Does the Credit Cycle Have an Impact on Happiness?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinghui Li ◽  
Junhao Zhong ◽  
Mark Xu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Credit Expansion ◽  
Transmission Channels ◽  
Credit Cycle ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The 2008 international financial crisis triggered a heated discussion of the relationship between public health and the economic environment. We test the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness using the fixed effects model and explore the transmission channels between them by adding the moderating effect. The results show the following empirical regularities. First, the credit cycle has a negative correlation with happiness. This means that credit growth will reduce the overall happiness score in a country/region. Second, the transmission channels between the credit cycle and happiness are different during credit expansion and recession. Life expectancy and generosity can moderate the relationship between the credit cycle and happiness only during credit expansion. GDP per capita can moderate this relationship only during credit recession. Social support, freedom, and positive affect can moderate this relationship throughout the credit cycle. Third, the total impact of the credit cycle on happiness will become positive by the changes in the moderating effects. In general, we can improve subjective well-being if one of the following five conditions holds: (1) with the adequate support from the family and society, (2) with enough freedom, (3) with social generosity, (4) with a positive and optimistic outlook, and (5) with a high level of GDP per capita.

The Relationship Among Military Expenditure, High Technological Product Exports, and Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 624-645
Author(s):  
Sevgi Sezer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
G7 Countries ◽  
Causality Relationship ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

In this chapter, the effects of military expenditure (MEXP) on high-tech exports (HTX) and GDP per capita (GDPPC) of G7 and new industrialized countries (NIC) are analyzed for period 1988-2015 by panel data analysis. The causality relationships between the series are examined by Dumitrescu and Hurlin test. In G7 countries, one-way causality relationship from HTX to MEXP and two-way causality relationship between MEXP and GDPPC have been identified. Also, in NIC countries, two-way causality relationship between HTX and MEXP and one-way causality relationship from GDPPC to MEXP have been determined. Cointegration relations are tested by Pedroni test and the series are found to be cointegrated. It is seen that in the G7 countries, 1% increase in MEXP during the period of 1988-2015 increased HTX by 0.71% and GDPPC by 0.98%. In NIC countries, the 1% increase in MEXP increased HTX by 1.7% and GDPPC by 0.96%. The effect of MEXP on HTX is found much higher in NIC countries.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Relationship Between GDP Per Capita and Inequality in the Balkan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Edgar J. Saucedo-Acosta ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose:The paper aims to estimate the effect of inequality on the economic growth of Balkan countries for the period 2001-2017. In addition, the effect of capital stock on GDP per capita (GDPpc) for the Balkan countries was estimated. The low level of financial inclusion on the Balkan region produces an underinvestment of human capital and affects the low-income households, leading to an increase in inequality. Low levels of equality and capital stock negatively impact economic growth.

scholarly journals Have IT improvements had positive impacts on international trade?

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kurihara Y ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Business World ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

IT (Information Technology) was invented and penetrated into our daily lives and business world from the 1980s. It has also spread quickly in developed economies. This study examines whether such phenomenon has impacted international trade. More concretely, this study empirically examines the relationship (1) between the improvement of banking and financial services and international trade, (2) between the Internet speed and international trade, and (3) mobile subscribers and international trade. The empirical results show that GDP per capita is positively related with international trade significantly. Moreover, they show that banking and financial services can increase international trade. Also, Internet speed is significantly associated with promoting international trade. However, there is no evidence that the spreading use of mobile has caused increasing international trade. If the pros of the spreading use of mobile related IT are large, there is some room for promoting this transition. Security, reliability, and so on are key factors to promote mobile into business, including international trade.

scholarly journals The Differential Impact of Financial Intermediation on Economic Growth in Oil-Dependent Economies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
Anthony Anyanwu ◽  
Christopher Gan ◽  
Baiding Hu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Cointegration ◽  
Bank Credit ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Differential Impact ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Panel Cointegration Test ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper analyses the relationship between bank credit and economic growth. We extend existing literature by treating separately the oil and non-oil sectors of 28 oil-dependent economies from 1990-2012. We employ panel cointegration and pooled mean group estimation techniques which are appropriate for drawing conclusions from dynamic heterogenous panels. The results of the panel cointegration test indicate that bank credit has no significant long-run relationship with non-oil GDP per capita. The results of the pooled mean group estimator reveal no significant long-run impact of bank credit on non-oil GDP per capita. Overall results suggest that banks do not yet provide adequate credit to stimulate non-oil economic growth. The policy implication of our findings is that the financial sector should be more involved in productive investment activities to promote inclusive growth.

scholarly journals Economic growth and under-five malaria mortality in Tanzania mainland: from correlation analysis to causality

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mwoya Byaro ◽  
Abeli Kinyondo ◽  
Patrick Musonda
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Correlation Relationship ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Malaria Mortality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This paper establishes empirical evidence related with correlation and causality between economic growth (as measured by GDP per capita) and under-five malaria mortality in Tanzania Mainland. The goal is to contribute knowledge on the existing relationship between economic growth and under-five malaria mortality. Correlation and scatter regression analysis plot were employed to find out the relationship among the (GDP per Capita), Insecticides Treated Nets (ITNs) distributed, Human Resources (physicians and nurses) and under-five malaria mortality from the year 2004 to 2015. Moreover, Granger Causality test was applied to test the causal link between the economic growth and under-five malaria Mortality. The economic growth (as measured by GDP per Capita) and number of ITNs distributed under various malaria campaigns have significant unidirectional causality to under-five malaria mortality while there is no causality evidence between human resource for health (physicians and nurses) and under-five malaria mortality despite the observed correlation relationship. Since economic growth and ITNs have unidirectional causal link with under-five malaria mortality, it implies that any changes in GDP per Capita and ITNs will change under-five malaria mortality. The researchers and policy makers need to gather more evidence on ITNs and economic growth to assess the risk of under-five malaria mortality to inform decision making.

GDP Per Capita and Protest Activity: A Quantitative Reanalysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Korotayev ◽  
Stanislav Bilyuga ◽  
Alisa Shishkina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Democratic Regimes ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Given ◽  
Protest Activity ◽  
Purchasing Power Parities

Our research suggests that the relation between GDP per capita and sociopolitical destabilization is not characterized by a straightforward negative correlation; it rather has an inverted U-shape. The highest risks are typical for the countries with intermediate values of GDP per capita, not the highest or lowest values. Thus, until a certain value of GDP per capita is reached, economic growth predicts an increase in the risks of sociopolitical destabilization. This positive correlation is particularly strong ( r = .94, R2 = .88) and significant for the intensity of antigovernment demonstrations. This correlation can be observed in a very wide interval (up to 20,000 of international 2014 dollars at purchasing power parities [PPPs]). We suggest that it is partially accounted for by the following regularities: (a) GDP growth in authoritarian regimes strengthens the pro-democracy movements, and, consequently, intensifies antigovernment demonstrations; (b) in the GDP per capita interval from the minimum to $20,000, the growth of GDP per capita correlates quite strongly with a declining proportion of authoritarian regimes and a growing proportion of intermediate and democratic regimes; and, finally, (c) GDP growth in the given diapason increases the level of education of the population, which, in turn, leads to a higher intensity of antigovernment demonstrations.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Association of Economic Growth with Lung Function of Chinese Children and Adolescents over 30 Years: Evidence from Seven Successive National Surveys

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6592
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Gan ◽  
Kehong Yu ◽  
Xu Wen ◽  
Yijuan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

(1) Background: Recent studies reported that decrease in lung function of Chinese children and adolescents continues to decline, although the change has been insignificant and has reached a plateau. However, studies have not explored the relationship between lung function and economic development in China. This study sought to explore the longitudinal association between socio-economic indicators and lung function; (2) Method: Data were obtained from seven successive national surveys conducted by the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health from 1985 to 2014. Lung function of school-age children (7–22 years) was determined using forced vital capacity (FVC). GDP per capita and urbanization ratio were used as economic indicators. A fixed-effects model was employed to examine the longitudinal association after adjusting for height, weight, and time trends; (3) Results: Socio-economic indicators showed a U-curve relationship with lung function of boys and girls from urban and rural areas. Lung function initially decreased with GDP per capita or urbanization ratio and reached a minimum. Lung function then increased with increase in GDP per capita or urbanization ratio. The findings indicate that the relationship between economic growth and lung function is different in different development stages. In less-developed provinces, economic growth was negatively correlated with lung function, whereas, in developed provinces, economic growth was positively correlated with lung function; (4) Conclusion: The findings of the current study show that economic growth has significantly different effects on lung function at different economic levels. Therefore, governments should improve lung health in children and adolescents from low and middle economic regions.

scholarly journals Does economic growth positively affect income inequality in China?

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Ding ◽  
Tian Dong ◽  
Yanjie Xu ◽  
Zhi Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Gini Index ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

This report focuses on the relationship between the economic growth and income inequality in China. The hypothesis is that economic growth led to an increase in income inequality in China. The alternative hypothesis is that economic growth led to a decrease in income inequality in China. After analysing GDP per capita and the GINI index from World Bank, the results show a positive relationship between economic growth and income inequality. Additionally, this report also would measure the influence of monopoly power and the disposable income of urban/rural households to further support the hypothesis.

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