scholarly journals Bacille Calmette-Guérin Osteomyelitis of the Distal Radius in a Toddler

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
Ji-Young Kim ◽  
Ji-In Jeon ◽  
Hak Chang
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Proper Treatment ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine has been administered safely to billions of people all over the world. The Tokyo-172 strain has reported to have a lower virulence and side effects than other strains. BCG osteomyelitis of distal radius is a very rare but serious complication due to generalized dissemination of BCG. We report a rare case of BCG osteomyelitis of the distal radius in a 21-month-old girl who had no underlying disorders. Although uncommon, BCG osteomyelitis should be considered a possible complication of BCG vaccination under certain clinical features for early diagnosis and proper treatment.

Explore the Possible Impact of BCG Vaccination Policy on the Morbidity, Mortality, and Recovery Rates due to COVID-19 Infection. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue-Cune Chang
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disease Specific

BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is the new form of an acute infectious respiratory disease and has quickly spread over most continents in the world. Recently, it has been shown that Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) might protect against COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the possible correlation between BCG vaccination and morbidity/mortality/recovery rate associated with COVID-19 infection. OBJECTIVE Our findings confirm that the BCG vaccination might protect against COVID-19 virus infection. METHODS Data of COVID-19 confirmed cases, deaths, recoveries, and population were obtained from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (Accessed on 12 June, 2020). To have meaningful comparisons among countries’ mortality and recovery rates, we only choose those countries with COVID-19 infected cases at least 200. The Poisson regression and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between BCG vaccination and morbidity, mortality and recovery rates. RESULTS Among those 158 countries with at least 200 COVID-19 infected cases, there were 141 countries with BCG vaccination information available. The adjusted rates ratio of COVID-19 confirmed cases for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination was 0.339 (with 95% CI= (0.338,0.340)). Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death and recovery after coronavirus infected for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination were 0.258 (with 95% CI= (0.254,0.261)) and 2.151 (with 95% CI= (2.140,2.163)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS That data in this study show the BCG might provide the protection against COVID-19, with consequent less COVID-19 infection and deaths and more rapid recovery. BCG vaccine might bridge the gap before the disease-specific vaccine is developed, but this hypothesis needs to be further tested in rigorous randomized clinical trials. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20131268

Spontaneous Cholecystocutaneous Fistula

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Abbey
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Gallbladder Disease ◽  
Fistulous Opening ◽  
First Line ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Surgical Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Calculous Cholecystitis

ABSTRACT Spontaneous biliary fistulae are encountered, not very rarely, in one's surgical practice. These fistulae are of three types: Internal, external, and combined. Internal spontaneous biliary fistulae are the commonest. External fistulae could be spontaneous or because of therapeutic, iatrogenic, or traumatic reasons are extremely rare. Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula (SCCF), secondary to calculous cholecystitis, is an extremely rare presentation in the present-day scenario. It used to be quite common before the year 1900, but is very rare now because of better management of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis. Usually, SCCF is a complication of neglected chronic cholelithiasis. This is seldom seen today because of the early diagnosis and better management made feasible by ultrasound as first-line investigation, broad spectrum antibiotics, and effective surgical management of biliary tract diseases. It is a very rare case of 35-year-old female patient presenting in the outpatient department, with the multiple stones carefully preserved, which she had been extruding through the fistulous opening in the umbilicus, for the last 1 year. She was investigated and was operated for the same condition. Though the entity is very rare, clinicians should keep this condition in mind while examining any case of chronic discharging sinus or fistula on the abdominal wall, particularly the wound extruding stones in which case the diagnosis is selfrevealing. In the absence of positive history of expelling stones, the diagnosis can be confirmed by computerized tomogram fistulography. Though the early diagnosis and improvement in the management of gallbladder disease has improved tremendously, the possibility of this condition arising mostly from the neglected gallbladder disease should always be kept in mind as such cases are again being reported from all over the world. How to cite this article Abbey R. Spontaneous Cholecystocutaneous Fistula. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2016; 1(4):196-198.

scholarly journals Worldwide inverse correlation between Bacille Calmette-Guérin immunization and COVID-19 mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis X. Li
Keyword(s):  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to all countries in the world after more than half a year since it was first reported in late 2019, and different countries have been impacted differently. Multivariate statistical analyses were used to evaluate COVID-19 deaths and cases relative to nine other demographic and socioeconomic factors in all countries and regions of the world using data as of August 1, 2020. The factors analyzed in the study include a country’s total COVID-19 deaths and cases per million population, per capita gross domestic product (GDP), population density, virus tests per million population, median age, government response stringency index, hospital beds availability per thousand population, extreme poverty rate, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination rate, and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) immunization rate. The study reveals that COVID-19 deaths per million population in a country most significantly correlates, inversely, with the country’s BCG vaccination rate, and also significantly correlates a country’s per capita GDP and median age, while COVID-19 cases per million population significantly correlate with per capita GDP and tests per thousand population. This study contributes to a growing body of evidence supporting the notion that BCG vaccination may be protective against COVID-19 mortality.

scholarly journals Explore the Possible Impact of BCG Vaccination Policy on the Morbidity, Mortality, and Recovery Rates due to COVID-19 Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Hsin Chang ◽  
Yue-Cune Chang
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disease Specific

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is the new form of an acute infectious respiratory disease and has quickly spread over most continents in the world. Recently, it has been shown that Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) might protect against COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the possible correlation between BCG vaccination and morbidity/mortality/recovery rate associated with COVID-19 infection.METHODSData of COVID-19 confirmed cases, deaths, recoveries, and population were obtained from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (Accessed on 12 June, 2020). To have meaningful comparisons among countries’ mortality and recovery rates, we only choose those countries with COVID-19 infected cases at least 200. The Poisson regression and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between BCG vaccination and morbidity, mortality and recovery rates.RESULTSAmong those 158 countries with at least 200 COVID-19 infected cases, there were 141 countries with BCG vaccination information available. The adjusted rates ratio of COVID-19 confirmed cases for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination was 0.339 (with 95% CI= (0.338,0.340)). Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death and recovery after coronavirus infected for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination were 0.258 (with 95% CI= (0.254,0.261)) and 2.151 (with 95% CI= (2.140,2.163)), respectively.CONCLUSIONSThat data in this study show the BCG might provide the protection against COVID-19, with consequent less COVID-19 infection and deaths and more rapid recovery. BCG vaccine might bridge the gap before the disease-specific vaccine is developed, but this hypothesis needs to be further tested in rigorous randomized clinical trials.

scholarly journals Puffer Fish Poisoning

1970 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Azizul Haque ◽  
Q Tarikul Islam ◽  
ARM Saifuddin Ekram
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Respiratory Depression ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Favorable Outcome ◽  
Fish Poisoning ◽  
The World ◽  
Puffer Fish ◽  
Supportive Management

Puffer fish poisoning occurs sporadically throughout the world, especially in the coastal areas. It contains tetrodotoxin which can cause death by muscular paralysis, respiratory depression, and circulatory failure. Early diagnosis and supportive management could ensure a safe and favorable outcome. In this review article, we have tried to explore the pathophysiology, clinical features, and treatment of puffer fish poisoning. doi: 10.3329/taj.v21i2.3806 TAJ 2008; 20(2): 199-202

Explore the Possible Impact of BCG Vaccination Policy on the Morbidity, Mortality, and Recovery Rates due to COVID-19 Infection. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Hsin Chang ◽  
Yue-Cune Chang
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Disease Specific

UNSTRUCTURED BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is the new form of an acute infectious respiratory disease and has quickly spread over most continents in the world. Recently, it has been shown that Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) might protect against COVID-19. This study aims to investigate the possible correlation between BCG vaccination and morbidity/mortality/recovery rate associated with COVID-19 infection. METHODS Data of COVID-19 confirmed cases, deaths, recoveries, and population were obtained from https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (Accessed on 12 June, 2020). To have meaningful comparisons among countries mortality and recovery rates, we only choose those countries with COVID-19 infected cases at least 200. The Poisson regression and logistic regression were used to explore the relationship between BCG vaccination and morbidity, mortality and recovery rates. RESULTS Among those 158 countries with at least 200 COVID-19 infected cases, there were 141 countries with BCG vaccination information available. The adjusted rates ratio of COVID-19 confirmed cases for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination was 0.339 (with 95% CI= (0.338,0.340)). Moreover, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death and recovery after coronavirus infected for Current BCG vaccination vs. non-Current BCG vaccination were 0.258 (with 95% CI= (0.254,0.261)) and 2.151 (with 95% CI= (2.140,2.163)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS That data in this study show the BCG might provide the protection against COVID-19, with consequent less COVID-19 infection and deaths and more rapid recovery. BCG vaccine might bridge the gap before the disease-specific vaccine is developed, but this hypothesis needs to be further tested in rigorous randomized clinical trials. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.14.20131268

scholarly journals Worldwide inverse correlation between Bacille Calmette-Guérin immunization and COVID-19 morbidity and mortality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willis X. Li
Keyword(s):  
Confounding Factor ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has spread to all countries in the world after more than six months since it was first reported in late 2019, and different countries have been impacted differently. Correlation analysis between COVID-19 death numbers and different demographic and socioeconomic factors for all world countries (n=210) as of June 1, 2020, reveals that COVID-19 deaths per million population in a country significantly correlates with the country’s median age (r=0.48, p=4.8e-4) and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) (r=0.55, p=4.14e-5), and inversely correlates with the country’s Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination rate (r=–0.63, p=9.9e-7). COVID-19 death is found not significantly associated, however, with a country’s policy stringency index, population density, extreme poverty rate, hospital beds availability per thousand people, and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP3) immunization. Old age is likely a confounding factor for the correlation between COVID-19 and per capita GDP (r=0.66, p=2.3e-7). To control for possible confounding effects of age, countries with similar median age were grouped and analyzed. The inverse correlation between BCG vaccination rates and COVID-19 case (r=–0.338, p=0.0082) and death (r=–0.411, p=0.0011) remained significant among the top 61 countries with highest median age. The current study suggests that BCG might be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Volvulus of Transverse Colon and Cecum in a Patient With Down Syndrome: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Babaniamansour ◽  
Ehsan Aliniagerdroudbari ◽  
Ghasem Bagherpour ◽  
Forough Kheiry
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Intestinal Obstruction ◽  
Sigmoid Colon ◽  
Transverse Colon ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Sporadic Case

Volvulus is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction and occurs mostly in sigmoid colon and cecum. It is more common in patients with Down syndrome. In this condition, it is even more challenging to diagnose the cause of intestinal obstruction through history and physical examination alone. Early diagnosis and intervention are critical in this condition to prevent serious side effects. Simultaneous volvulus is a sporadic case in the surgical entity. We report a very rare case of simultaneous volvulus of cecum and transverse colon, its management, and outcomes in a 20-year-old known case of Down syndrome.

scholarly journals A Short History of the BCG Vaccine

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Georgiana Bianca Constantin ◽  
Ionuţ Căluian
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
National Program ◽  
Short History ◽  
Bacille Calmette Guerin ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

BCG vaccine continues to be controversial, live attenuated BCG is still the only vaccine in use which is able to prevent TB in humans. It is still difficult to determine which strain should be used and further detailed analysis of the genomics and immunogenicity of BCG sub-strains may provide an answer to this important question. The only vaccine available is the BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guerin), that has been used for about 100 years, with remarkable results. The majority of the world followed the lead of Europe and the WHO and introduced routine BCG vaccination according to various schedules. According to the Methodological Guide for the Implementation of the National Program for the Prevention, Surveillance and Control of Tuberculosis, BCG vaccination is indicated for all newborns, at the age of 2-7 days (if there are no contraindications), before discharge from maternity and without preliminary tuberculin test.

scholarly journals Left Eye Conjunctivitis: An Isolated Presentation of COVID-19 Infection: A Rare Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
D. C. Kumawat ◽  
Navgeet Mathur ◽  
Rachit Saxena ◽  
Taniya Upadhyaya ◽  
Medha Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
The World ◽  
Rare Case Report

The world is having COVID 19 pandemic currently. Early diagnosis is a challenge as the COVID 19 illness has variety of presentations. In this regard knowledge about spectrum of clinical presentation may be very helpful. This case report was about presentation of COVID 19 illness as isolated left eye conjunctivitis in a 58 years old male patient. By early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the patient was recovered completely as well as his positive contacts were also isolated immediately. The study also highlighted the need of awareness among clinicians about isolated left eye conjunctivitis presentation of COVID 19.

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