Relationship between the Spatial Distribution of Crime-prone Areas and the Characteristics of Urban Decline - Focusing on Crime Risk Indicators Using GIS-based Spatial Statistics -

KIEAE Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Jong-A Hwang ◽  
Ji Yeon Kang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Urban Decline ◽  
Crime Risk

scholarly journals Spatial distribution of canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana de C. Paulan ◽  
Hélio R. Silva ◽  
Elizete A. C. de Freitas Lima ◽  
Edílson F. Flores ◽  
Vilma M. Tachibana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
Genus Leishmania

Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by protozoan of genus Leishmania and transmitted by sand flies of genus Lutzomyia, which has been adapted to the peridomicile environment where dogs are their mainly food source, increasing the risk for human cases. In this study, techniques of geoprocessing and spatial statistics were utilized as a contribution to understanding the epidemiological dynamics of VL in the urban area of Ilha Solteira, SP.

Analysis of Spatial Distribution of Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in No-Till Soybean (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cardina ◽  
Denise H. Sparrow ◽  
Edward L. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Spherical Model ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Contour Maps ◽  
Classical Statistics ◽  
Dispersion Indices

The nonuniform spatial distribution of weeds complicates sampling, modeling, and management of weed populations. Principles of a rational approach to analysis of weed spatial distribution, combining classical and spatial statistics, are presented using data for cumulative emergence of common lambsquarters in no-tillage soybean fields in 1990 and 1993. Classical statistics, dispersion indices, mean/variance relationships, and frequency histograms confirmed that raw and loge-transformed data were not normally distributed, that populations were aggregated, and that large-scale trends in population means violated assumptions of spatial statistics. Detrending was accomplished by median polishing loge-transformed data and confirmed by evaluation of standardized residuals and frequency histograms. Detrended residuals were used to construct omni-directional and uni-directional semivariograms to describe the spatial structure of the populations. A spherical model fit to the data was verified by cross validation. Semivariograms showed that common lambsquarters density was spatially autocorrelated at distances to 16 m, with more than 30% of the variance in density due to distance between field locations. Comparisons of kriged estimates and their standard deviations with and without detrending indicated that estimates using detrended data were more appropriate and more precise. Kriged estimates of common lambsquarters density were used to draw contour maps of the populations.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution characteristics of crop germplasm resources using spatial statistics

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1213-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqing Chen ◽  
◽  
Yongsheng Cao ◽  
Yanpeng Wu ◽  
Lina Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Germplasm Resources ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Crop Germplasm

scholarly journals Alveolar distribution in french rolls made using taro mucilage

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Cristina Bicalho ◽  
Raul Antônio Viana Madeira ◽  
Joelma Pereira ◽  
João Domingos Scalon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Point Processes ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta

Abstract Emulsifiers are responsible for forming a dough that contributes to the retention of gluten in alveoli, the gas produced by the yeast, thus increasing the volume and softness of the bread. There are indications that hydrocolloids, such as taro mucilage (Colocasia esculenta), can present similar characteristics to emulsifiers. The presence of arabinose and galactose in the taro mucilage is responsible for the formation of a complex with proteins, called Proteoglycan arabinogalactan, that could present substantial emulsifying power, consequently favouring gas retention in the alveoli. Thus, the quantity, distribution and size of the alveoli must be analysed for the effective quality control of the breadmaking process, and this is therefore recommended. Conventional statistical methods are already used regularly in analyses of these variables, although spatial statistics have not been used for this purpose. In this paper, the authors defend the application of univariate point processes that have not been applied to the analysis of the spatial distribution of the alveoli in French bread made with taro mucilage. The results showed that these methods made it possible to characterize the spatial distribution of alveoli in French bread, demonstrating that the use of taro mucilage provided a good alveolar distribution in French type bread.

scholarly journals Jovens no município de São Paulo: explorando as relações de vizinhança

2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Mirandola Bichir ◽  
Haroldo Da Gama Torres ◽  
Maria Paula Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Young People ◽  
Spatial Statistics ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Peripheral Areas

O objetivo desse artigo é testar a hipótese de acúmulo de indicadores negativos nas áreas periféricas do município de São Paulo, abordando alguns tipos de riscos sociais que incidem sobre indivíduos jovens, como desemprego, violência urbana, baixo nível educacional e gravidez na adolescência. Para tanto, são utilizados métodos de estatística espacial e as áreas de ponderação da amostra do Censo Demográfico (IBGE, 2000). Ao contrário da visão bastante difundida, os resultados apontam, de modo geral, para a questão da heterogeneidade da periferia, ou seja, para a não-sobreposição espacial de diversos riscos considerados. Desse modo, os resultados indicam a complexa estruturação dos riscos sociais em municípios como São Paulo, o que tem importantes conseqüências para o planejamento de políticas públicas.Palavras-chave: riscos sociais; segregação; políticas sociais; juventude. Abstract: The main aim of this article is to test the hypothesis of the concentration of negative indicators in the peripheral areas of São Paulo municipality. We focus on some social hazards that affect young people such as unemployment, urban violence, low levels of education, and teenager pregnancy. We base our analysis on census survey areas (IBGE, 2000) and spatial statistics methods. Contrary to the established perspective about these issues, our findings generally show that the social hazards have a complex spatial distribution with relevant implications for social policies.Keywords: social hazards; segregation; social policies; youth.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum infection in cattle in the state of Amazonas, Brazil: seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cesar Gonçalves de Azevedo Filho ◽  
Müller Ribeiro-Andrade ◽  
Jomel Francisco dos Santos ◽  
Arthêmio Coelho dos Reis ◽  
José Wilton Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Madeira River

Abstract Livestock in the Amazon has grown significantly and, although neosporosis in cattle has been reported worldwide, there is no information about N. caninum in production systems in the state of Amazonas. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle, their spatial distribution and the risk factors associated with N. caninum infection in the state of Amazonas. Questionnaires were applied to farmers to assess risk factors associated with N. caninum infection. Blood samples were collected from 1,073 animals on 47 farms in 33 municipalities in the four Amazonian subpopulations. IgG anti-N.caninum antibodies were detected by the indirect fluorescence test, with a general prevalence of 30.2%, being seropositive in 43 farms (91.5%), with prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 69.2%. The highest number of high density points was found in subpopulation 3 (municipality of Apuí and other municipalities on the Madeira River and affluent). It was concluded that N. caninum is present with high seroprevalence values, when compared to other cattle producing states in the Amazon region of Brazil. The identified factors can be used as risk indicators so that control measures can be implemented to prevent infection by N. caninum in these herds.

Spatial Distribution of Empty Deserted Houses and Its Implications on the Urban Decline and Regeneration

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwahwan Kim ◽  
Hyeonggwan Choi ◽  
Minseok Lee ◽  
Munhyun Jang
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Urban Decline
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