Neospora caninum infection in cattle in the state of Amazonas, Brazil: seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors

Abstract Livestock in the Amazon has grown significantly and, although neosporosis in cattle has been reported worldwide, there is no information about N. caninum in production systems in the state of Amazonas. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle, their spatial distribution and the risk factors associated with N. caninum infection in the state of Amazonas. Questionnaires were applied to farmers to assess risk factors associated with N. caninum infection. Blood samples were collected from 1,073 animals on 47 farms in 33 municipalities in the four Amazonian subpopulations. IgG anti-N.caninum antibodies were detected by the indirect fluorescence test, with a general prevalence of 30.2%, being seropositive in 43 farms (91.5%), with prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 69.2%. The highest number of high density points was found in subpopulation 3 (municipality of Apuí and other municipalities on the Madeira River and affluent). It was concluded that N. caninum is present with high seroprevalence values, when compared to other cattle producing states in the Amazon region of Brazil. The identified factors can be used as risk indicators so that control measures can be implemented to prevent infection by N. caninum in these herds.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection by Neospora caninum of dairy cattle in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2012001000011 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (10) ◽

pp. 1009-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maria E. Sousa ◽

J.N. Porto Wagnner ◽

Pedro P.F. Albuquerque ◽

Orestes L. Souza Neto ◽

Eduardo B. Faria ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Infection Risk ◽

Control Measures ◽

Risk Indicators ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Serological Investigation

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle from milk producing farms of the microregion of Batalha, state of Alagoas, Brazil, as well as to identify the risk factors associated with the infection. Blood samples were collected from 1,004 cattle of 17 farms for the serological investigation regarding the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies by the Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction Technique (IMRT). From the total amount of samples analyzed, 77/1,004 (7.67%) were positive and 927/1,004 (92.33%) were negative. The logistical regression identified that cattle from farms without consortium breeding have an infection risk 6.33 (p<0.001; C.I. 2.89-13.10) times higher than cattle from farms with that type of breeding. Cattle from farms where the aborted fetuses are not adequately buried have an infection risk 3.04 (p<0.001; C.I. 1.64-5.63) times higher than cattle from farms with adequate destination of these fetuses. Infection by N. caninum occurs in cattle of the investigated region. The factors identified in our study can be used as risk indicators, so that control measures could be implemented to avoid infection by N. caninum in the herds of this region.

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Rabies Ecology in Bauchi State, Nigeria

Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.36108/jvbs/9102.20.0120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Bolajoko Muhammad-Bashir ◽

Yakubu Joel Atuman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cost Effective ◽

The State ◽

Control Measures ◽

P Value ◽

Public Health Implication ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Canine Rabies ◽

Dog Ownership ◽

Dog Owners

Despite availability of safer and cost-effective treatments and vaccines, rabies is still considered among the most fatal viral zoonotic disease worldwide. The epidemiology of rabies is directly associated with the ecology of the reservoirs which needs better understanding to underpin appropriate control measures. There are only few reported attempts made towards understanding the ecology of dog and rabies cases in Nigeria. Although dogs are tolerated and kept in Bauchi State, the risk factors associated with dog ownership in the state, remain to be studied. This study is aimed at determining the risk factors associated with dog ownership in Bauchi state and to evaluate the degree with which the presence or absence of the identified factors can increase or decrease risk of rabies cases in the state. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted amongst dog owners across the state. Basic descriptive analyses were carried out in Microsoft Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS 21 was used to determine the relative risk (RR) of rabies occurrence in households across the state when exposed to each of the identified risk factors where P-value was set at 0.05. A total of 80 questionnaires were completed and received from the respondents. The calculated RR, revealed that the practice of extensive system of management increases the risk of canine rabies amongst dogs of the state by 80% and knowledge of dog owners about canine rabies reduces the risk of canine rabies by 27%. This study confirmed that dogs are owned and tolerated but poorly managed under extensive management system in Bauchi state with increasing risks of rabies spread due to low vaccination coverage and lack of practical application of knowledge on the dangers of rabies amongst the populace. The public health implication of this situation and the need for concerted efforts for sustainable control of rabies in the state is discussed

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Risk factor analysis associated with Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Western Brazilian Amazon

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-296120201088 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Poliana de Jesus Souza Venturoso ◽

Osvaldo Juliatti Venturoso ◽

Gisele Glomba Silva ◽

Maerle Oliveira Maia ◽

Rute Witter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Fluorescent Antibody ◽

Antibody Test ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Present Survey ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Factors Associated ◽

And Control

Abstract Neospora caninum is considered to be one of the main causes of abortion among cattle. The present survey was conducted in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State, Brazil. A questionnaire that investigates the epidemiological aspects of neosporosis was used in the analysis of risk factors associated with the animal-level and herd-level prevalence in dairy cattle. A total of 416 bovine blood samples were collected from 30 farms, and N. caninum antibody levels were measured by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Analysis of dairy cattle serum samples revealed the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies to be 47.36% (n = 197). Risk factors associated with N. caninum infection were the management system and access locations of dogs. The results of the present survey indicated that infection of dairy cattle with N. caninum is widespread in the studied region of Western Amazon, which has implications for prevention and control of neosporosis in this region. Therefore, integrated control strategies and measures are recommended to prevent and control N. caninum infection in dairy cattle. In addition, direct contact between dairy cattle, dogs and wild animals, which can influence the epidemiology of neosporosis, should be investigated further.

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Epidemiological characterization and risk factors associated with Leptospira infection in dogs from rural settlements in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2531 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2531

Author(s):

José Dêvede Da Silva ◽

Demmya Haryssam Menezes Melo ◽

Érico Luiz de Barros Correia ◽

José Romero Alexandre Alves ◽

Diego Figueiredo Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

The State ◽

Control Measures ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Rural Settlements ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Sources Of Infection ◽

Semi Arid Region ◽

Sanitary Conditions ◽

Epidemiological Characterization

Rural settlements are defined as family-run agrarian spaces. Their purpose, based on public policies, is to strengthen family agriculture. They are peculiar environments that can predispose to the risk of diseases, especially zoonotic diseases, due to close natural contact with animals that can be sources of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anti-Leptospira antibodies in dogs from rural settlements in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil, and to identify the risk factors associated with infection. A total of 306 dogs were sampled and Leptospira screening was performed using the microscopic agglutination test. In all, 27 of 306 (8.82%; 95% CI = 6.13-12.5%) dogs were seropositive for Leptospira spp. The most frequent serotype was Pomona. Street access (odds ratio = 3.53, p = 0.012) was indicated as a risk factor for infection. The results indicate that leptospirosis is present in dogs from rural settlements in the state of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil. This reinforces the need to limit contact between dogs and wild reservoirs and perform serological monitoring of swine. It also reinforces the need for implementation of control measures such as improvements in hygienic-sanitary conditions in the settlements, including the construction of pigsties away from homes, and the introduction of vaccination to reduce the occurrence of this disease, which will prevent transmission to humans and animals.

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Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in different dog populations in Spain

Veterinary Parasitology ◽

10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.12.005 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 152 (1-2) ◽

pp. 148-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

E. Collantes-Fernández ◽

M. Gómez-Bautista ◽

G. Miró ◽

G. Álvarez-García ◽

J. Pereira-Bueno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Factors Associated

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Prevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in dairy herds in Jordan

Tropical Animal Health and Production ◽

10.1007/s11250-012-0244-8 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 479-485 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abdelsalam Q. Talafha ◽

Ahmad M. Al-Majali

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Dairy Herds ◽

Caninum Infection ◽

Factors Associated

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Ocurrence and risk factors associated with Mycoplasma agalactiae infection in dairy goat herds of Paraíba State, Brazil

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5538 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 93-98

Author(s):

Rodrigo A.T. Matos ◽

Sandra B. Santos ◽

Renato V. Alves ◽

Ednaldo J. Silva ◽

Melânia L. Marinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

The State ◽

Control Measures ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Mycoplasma Agalactiae ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Milk Samples ◽

State Identification

ABSTRACT: Mycoplasmosis is a disease that may cause severe economical losses in goat and sheep herds, and it is associated with mastitis, polyarthritis, agalactia, conjunctivitis, pneumonia and reproductive failure. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of Mycoplasma agalactiae in milk samples and investigate the main risk factors associated with infection in goats from farms of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. For Mycoplasma agalactiae diagnosis, 251 milk samples were submitted to DNA extraction using a commercially available kit, following the manufacturer’s instructions and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed. In addition, questionnaires were applied to identify the main risk factors associated with contagious agalactia. Out of the two hundred fifty-one samples analyzed, 50 (19.9%, I.C. 15.1-25.4%) were PCR positive for M. agalactiae. In the risk factors analysis, some associations were observed for the following variables: size of the herd (P<0.001, OR=7.1, I.C. 2.4-20.6), replacement of farm animals (P<0.001, OR=4.7, I.C. 1.8-12.2) and participation of animals in fairs and exhibitions (P=0.029, OR=2.0, I.C.1.0-3.9). The results allowed confirming the occurrence of Mycoplasma agalactiae in milk samples of goats from Paraíba. Therefore, it is strictly necessary to monitor dairy goat flocks and to raise the awareness of farmers about the economic importance of the disease, since it causes severe economic losses for producers of the state. Identification of risk factors is essential for adoption of control measures and for the correction of the management factors in farms where there are animals with positive diagnosis, avoiding, so, pathogen dissemination.

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Prevalência e fatores de risco da Leucose Enzoótica Bovina em rebanhos bovinos da microrregião de Teresina, estado do Piauí, Brasil

Revista Agraria Academica ◽

10.32406/v3n62020/6-15/agrariacad ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 6-15

Author(s):

Pedro Henrique Viana Rebêlo ◽

◽

Flávio de Sousa Oliveira ◽

Rafael Gabino Cavalcante ◽

Francisco das Chagas Cardoso Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Prevalence Rate ◽

Prevention And Control ◽

The State ◽

Control Measures ◽

Agar Gel ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Prevention And Control Measures ◽

And Control

The present work aims to estimate the seroprevalence of Bovine Enzootic Leukosis - LEB and to identify the risk factors associated with seroreactivity for infection by the LEB virus, in cattle from herds raised in the Teresina Microregion, in the State of Piaui, Brazil. 420 blood samples were examined in 14 municipalities belonging to the microregion, the technique used for the research was Immunodiffusion in Agar Gel (IDGA). There was a prevalence rate of 19.52% (82/420) of seroreagent animals, with the occurrence of at least one animal positive for LEB in each herd evaluated. The results show that prevention and control measures are necessary for better surveillance of herds.

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Seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in dogs in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária ◽

10.1590/s1984-29612012000300019 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 287-290 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maria Evódia de Sousa ◽

Wagnner José Nascimento Porto ◽

Pedro Paulo Feitosa de Albuquerque ◽

Orestes Luiz de Souza Neto ◽

José Wilton Pinheiro Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Neospora Caninum ◽

Antibody Test ◽

The State ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Univariate Analyses ◽

Immunofluorescence Antibody Test ◽

Immunofluorescence Antibody

This study investigated occurrences of antibodies to anti-Neospora caninum in dogs in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, and the risk factors associated with the infection. To investigate antibodies against N. caninum, an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) was used. To identify risk factors associated with infection by N. caninum, univariate analyses on variables of interest were conducted. The study analyzed 237 samples from dogs of both sexes and different breeds and ages, both from rural and from urban areas. Ten animals (4.2%) were seropositive: five (4.8%) from rural areas and five (3.8%) from urban areas. Regarding sex, five (4.0%) were male and five (4.5%) were female. In relation to breed, four animals of undefined breed and six of defined breed were positive. The ages of the seropositive animals ranged from two months to eleven years. Results show there are no significant associations between seropositivity and the variables analyzed. Results indicate neosporosis must be included in differential diagnosis of dog neurological disorders.

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