DETECTION OF MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE (MDR) BY E- TEST METHOD OF GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL ISOLATES FROM WOUND INFECTION

The overuse of antibiotics has resulted in the development of drug resistant, a major problem in disease curing processes i.e. development of drug resistance. The World Health Organization (WHO) released its first list of the most concerning pathogens for human health in 2017 which suggested that there are total 12 bacterial families which have developed multiple drug resistance and for which novel antibiotics are required immediately (WHO 2017). There is a requirement to explore some novel compounds to overcome this issue. Thus our study aimed at exploration of marine actinomycetes as a valuable resource for novel products with antimicrobial properties. The halophilic actinomycete Nocardiopsis_sp. Al-H10-1 (KF384482) was isolated from saline water (20 m away from shore) of Alang coast (Gulf of Khambhat), Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India. The isolate Al-H10-1 was identified as Nocardiopsis sp. through rigorous morphological and cultural characteristics; the species was confirmed through 16s rRNA phylogenetic analysis. The antimicrobial potential of Nocardiopsis sp. Al-H10-1 was assessed against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as three fungi, there it demonstrated antimicrobial activity against four Gram negative bacteria and one Gram positive bacteria. Further active antimicrobial compounds present in ethyl acetate extract was identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis showed the presence of 17 compounds which included antimicrobial compounds like 2, 4-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-Phenol, Dibutyl phthalate as well as various types of alkanes and their derivatives.

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CORRELATION BETWEEN BIOFILM PRODUCTION AND MULTIPLE DRUG RESISTANCE IN IMIPENEM RESISTANT CLINICAL ISOLATES OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII

Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1016/s0255-0857(21)01809-0 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 333-337

Author(s):

R Srinivasa Rao ◽

R Uma Karthika ◽

SP Singh ◽

P Shashikala ◽

R Kanungo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Biofilm Production

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Occurrence of Multiple-Drug Resistance bacteria and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in burn infections from southwest of Iran

Journal of Burn Care & Research ◽

10.1093/jbcr/irab097 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Hashemzadeh ◽

Reza Heydari ◽

Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli ◽

Morteza Saki ◽

Hossein Meghdadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Diverse Range ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Maximum Resistance ◽

Resistance Patterns

Abstract Background Burn infection continues to be a major issue of concern globally and causes more harm to developing countries. This study aimed to identify the aerobic bacteriological profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of burn infections in three hospitals in Abadan, southwest Iran. Methods The cultures of various clinical samples obtained from 325 burn patients were investigated from January to December 2019. All bacterial isolates were identified based on the standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed according to the CLSI. Results A total of 287 bacterial species were isolated burn patients.P. aeruginosa was the most frequent bacterial isolate in Gram-negative bacteria and S. epidermidis was the most frequent species isolated in Gram-positive bacteria. The maximum resistance was found to ampicillin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, while in Gram-negative bacteria, the maximum resistance was found to imipenem, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and amikacin. The occurrence of multidrug resistance phenotype was as follows: P. aeruginosa (30.3 %), Enterobacter spp (11.1 %), Escherichia coli (10.5 %), Citrobacter spp (2.1 %), S. epidermidis (2.8 %), S. aureus, and S. saprophyticus (0.7 %). Conclusion Owing to the diverse range of bacteria that because burn wound infection, regular investigation, and diagnosis of common bacteria and their resistance patterns is recommended to determine the proper antibiotic regimen for appropriate therapy.

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Antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from the infected wounds of patients with lymphoedema in East Wollega, Ethiopia

Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene ◽

10.1093/trstmh/traa143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 114 (12) ◽

pp. 962-973

Author(s):

Dereje Nigussie ◽

Eyasu Makonnen ◽

Belete Adefris Legesse ◽

Abebaw Fekadu ◽

Gail Davey

Keyword(s):

Wound Infection ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Detection System ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Culture Positive

Abstract Background Lymphoedema is caused by dysfunction of the lymphatic system resulting in accumulation of high-protein content fluid in the interstitial space. To date, the bacteria associated with wound infections of patients with lower limb lymphoedema in Ethiopia have not been studied. This study identified pathogenic bacteria involved in wound infection and assessed antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients with lymphoedema in Ethiopia. Methods Swab samples were collected from the wounds of patients with lymphoedema and cultured using standard microbiological techniques. Micro-organisms were identified by colony morphology followed by identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the automated VITEK 2 COMPACT Microbial Detection System. Results Swabs were collected from 103 patients and 84 were culture positive: 44 (52.4%) culture-positive samples showed polymicrobial growth and 40 (47.6%) grew single bacterial isolates. In total, 134 isolates were obtained, of which 26 gram-negative and 12 gram-positive bacterial species were identified. A total of 28/63 (44.4%) gram-negative isolates and 3/57 (5.3%) gram-positive isolates were multiple drug resistant. There was no resistance to ciprofloxacin, moxifloxacin or gentamycin among gram-negative or gram-positive bacteria. Conclusion In this study, many infections were polymicrobial and showed multiple drug resistance. Fluoroquinolones and gentamycin, however, seemed to be effective against bacterial wound infection in this setting.

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Molecular Mechanisms of Multiple Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/171.4.954 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 171 (4) ◽

pp. 954-960 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

S. Morris ◽

G. H. Bai ◽

P. Suffys ◽

L. Portillo-Gomez ◽

M. Fairchok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Multiple Drug

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Lack of Correlation between embB Mutation and Ethambutol MIC in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from China

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00416-07 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (12) ◽

pp. 4515-4517 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Ruiru Shi ◽

Jianyuan Zhang ◽

Koji Otomo ◽

Guolong Zhang ◽

Isamu Sugawara

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Drug Susceptibility Testing ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Multiple Drug

ABSTRACT Seventy-four Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from China were subjected to drug susceptibility testing using ethambutol, isoniazid, rifampin, and ofloxacin. The results revealed that the presence of embB mutations did not correlate with ethambutol resistance but was associated with multiple-drug resistance, especially resistance to both ethambutol and rifampin.

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Antimicrobial resistance and the ecology ofEscherichia coliplasmids

Journal of Hygiene ◽

10.1017/s002217240006469x ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 93 (2) ◽

pp. 181-188 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

D. J. Platt ◽

J. S. Sommerville ◽

C. A. Kraft ◽

M. C. Timbury

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Multiple Drug Resistance ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Multiple Drug ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

R Plasmids ◽

High Level

SummaryFour hundred and seven clinical isolates ofEscherichia coliwere examined for the presence of plasmids. These isolates comprised 189 which were collected irrespective of antimicrobial resistance (VP) and 218 which were collected on the basis of high-level trimethoprim resistance (TPR). The VP isolates were divided into drug sensitive (VPS) and drug-resistant (VPR) subpopulations.Plasmids were detected in 88% of VP isolates (81% of VPS and 94% of VPR) and 98% of TPR isolates. The distribution of plasmids in both groups and subpopulations was very similar. However, there were small but statistically significant differences between the plasmid distributions. These showed that more isolates in the resistant groups harboured plasmids than in the sensitive subpopulation (VPS) and that the number of plasmids carried by resistant isolates was greater. Multiple drug resistance was significantly more common among TPR isolates than the VPR subpopulation and this was paralleled by increased numbers of plasmids.Fifty-eight per cent of VPR and 57% of TPR isolates transferred antimicrobial resistance and plasmids toE. coliK12. Of the R+isolates, 60% carried small plasmids (MW < 20Md) and 52% of these co-transferred with R-plasmids. These results are discussed.

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