National Patterns In Environmental Injustice Over Time: Outdoor NO2 Air Pollution In United States Urban Areas, 2000-2010

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (1) ◽  
pp. 2222
Author(s):  
Lara P. Clark ◽  
Dylan B. Millet ◽  
Julian D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Injustice ◽  
Over Time

Why Do People Migrate?

On the Move ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Garip
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
The Third ◽  
Majority Group ◽  
First Time ◽  
Over Time

This chapter provides an overview of the migration field, and a brief review of Mexico–U.S. migration flows up to 1965, the year the analysis here begins. It describes the data and methods that led the author to discover four groups among first-time migrants from Mexico to the United States between 1965 and 2010. The first cluster—mostly uneducated and poor men from rural communities—was the majority in the 1970s but dropped to a small minority by the 1990s. The second cluster—many of them teenage boys from relatively better-off families—peaked in the 1980s, becoming the majority group at that time, but declined consistently in size thereafter. The third cluster—mostly women with family ties to former migrants—was increasing slowly in size until it experienced a sudden spike in the early 1990s. And the fourth cluster—mostly educated men from urban areas—grew persistently over time, grabbing the majority status among all first-time migrants in the early 1990s.

scholarly journals Particulate Air Pollution and Socioeconomic Position in Rural and Urban Areas of the Northeastern United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (S1) ◽  
pp. S224-S230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Brochu ◽  
Jeff D. Yanosky ◽  
Christopher J. Paciorek ◽  
Joel Schwartz ◽  
Jarvis T. Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Position ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Rural And Urban

scholarly journals A Ground-Based Method of Assessing Urban Forest Structure and Ecosystem Services

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 347-358
Author(s):  
David Nowak ◽  
Daniel Crane ◽  
Jack Stevens ◽  
Robert Hoehn ◽  
Jeffrey Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Structure ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pollution Removal

To properly manage urban forests, it is essential to have data on this important resource. An efficient means to obtain this information is to randomly sample urban areas. To help assess the urban forest structure (e.g., number of trees, species composition, tree sizes, health) and several functions (e.g., air pollution removal, carbon storage and sequestration), the Urban Forest Effects (UFORE) model was developed. Data collection variables and model methods are detailed and urban forest structure results are compared among 14 United States cities with average tree density ranging between 22.5 trees/ha (9.1 trees/ac) in Casper, Wyoming, U.S. to 275.8 trees/ha (111.6 trees/ac) in Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Advantages and disadvantages of this ground-based method of assessing urban forest structure, functions, and values are discussed.

scholarly journals National Patterns in Environmental Injustice and Inequality: Outdoor NO2 Air Pollution in the United States

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. e94431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara P. Clark ◽  
Dylan B. Millet ◽  
Julian D. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Injustice

Odorous House Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Colony Movement in Response to Moisture, Shade, and Food Proximity

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1263-1269
Author(s):  
T Aurora Toennisson ◽  
William E Klingeman ◽  
Karen M Vail
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nesting Behavior ◽  
Artificial Nest ◽  
Tapinoma Sessile ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Odorous House Ant ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Tapinoma sessile (Say) is a common ant throughout the United States that frequently relocates portions of its nests to form large polydomous colonies in urban areas. Despite widespread research on the control of T. sessile as a nuisance pest, relatively little work has focused on the biology of its nesting behavior and movement. We evaluated shade, moisture, and proximity to food as factors triggering colony movement in laboratory assays. Initially, T. sessile colonies moved to shaded artificial nest sites irrespective of arena moisture. Then, workers and brood were increasingly moved to moist artificial nest sites over time. Colonies moved workers and brood to near-food artificial nest sites over both 1 m and 6 m distances. Queens relocated to near-food nest sites over 1 m distances, but not 6 m distances, during the 49-d study. Results suggest that an increase either in moisture or food in proximity to a residence is likely to account for observed increases in T. sessile abundance near structures.

Disparities in PM2.5 air pollution in the United States

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6503) ◽  
pp. 575-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Colmer ◽  
Ian Hardman ◽  
Jay Shimshack ◽  
John Voorheis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
The United States ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Know How ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Over Time

Air pollution at any given time is unequally distributed across locations. Average concentrations of fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) have fallen over time. However, we do not know how the spatial distribution of PM2.5 has evolved. Here, we provide early evidence. We combine 36 years of PM2.5 concentrations measured over ~8.6 million grid cells with geographic, economic, and demographic data from ~65,000 U.S. census tracts. We show that differences in PM2.5 between more and less polluted areas declined substantially between 1981 and 2016. However, the most polluted census tracts in 1981 remained the most polluted in 2016. The least polluted census tracts in 1981 remained the least polluted in 2016. The most exposed subpopulations in 1981 remained the most exposed in 2016. Overall, absolute disparities have fallen, but relative disparities persist.

scholarly journals Are Electric Vehicle Subsidies Becoming More Impactful Over Time?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Sheldon ◽  
Rubal Dua ◽  
Omar Al Harbi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Federal Government ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Local Air Pollution ◽  
Over Time

Various subsidies for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have been implemented worldwide at the federal, state and regional levels. These subsidies aim to promote PEV adoption to help reduce both local air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions (Hardman 2019). In the United States (U.S.), the federal government began subsidizing PEVs in 2010.

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