scholarly journals Application of the Ozonation Process for Shaping the Energy Properties of the Surface Layer of Polymer Construction Materials

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
Mariusz Kłonica
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Ozonation Process

The Impact of Road Construction Materials Dynamic Modulus Parameters on Road Surface Shearing Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 178-181 ◽  
pp. 1183-1187
Author(s):  
Er Yong Chuo ◽  
De Qun Wang ◽  
Guo Rui Deng
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Wave Load ◽  
Layer Material ◽  
Driving Speed ◽  
The Impact

At the beginning,we used the ABAQUS to establish a two-dimensional finite element model of typical asphalt pavement, and analysised the changing axiom of road surface shearing stress under the half sine wave load. Also, we studied on the impact of damping ratio and the driving speed on shearing stress. Finally, by using SPSS13.0 software to compare the impact of speed, the surface layer material damping ratio, lower modulus ratio, the thickness of the surface layer and the thickness of the subbase. The results show that, to reduce the cracking damage caused by oversized shearing stress in asphalt pavement, we should first consider the damping ratio of surface layer material, and the most effective method is to use the road-building material of high damping ratio to prevent cracks, at the same time we should raise the driving speed.

scholarly journals Relaxation patterns of technological residual voltage in the surface layer of high-strength steel when cyclically loaded

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 04001
Author(s):  
Georgi Kravchenko ◽  
Konstantin Kravchenko ◽  
Andrey Smolyaninov ◽  
Irina Kudryavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Surface Plastic Deformation ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Surface Plastic ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Residual Voltage ◽  
Compressive Stresses

Experimentally investigated patterns of changes in technological residual stresses under the influence of variable pressure in the surface layer became 30XNS2A. A mathematical model of relaxation of residual compressive stresses created by surface plastic deformation techniques with symmetrical cyclical bending of samples has been proposed. An empirical expression is proposed for assessing the final value of residual stresses as a result of cyclic loading, depending on the stress amplitude of a symmetric cycle. An expression is given for estimating the coefficient of relaxation rate of residual compressive stresses from their initial value, amplitude of alternating stresses and material properties. The constants of these expressions are determined for various construction materials. The theoretical dependences describe well the obtained experimental data. To predict the level of residual stress realization under operational loading, a formula was obtained to calculate their change as a result of the action of a step loading block with different amplitudes and duration of their action at each of the stages.

scholarly journals Plasma Technology for Producing Coverings on Building Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 06005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Lykov ◽  
Nataliya Mokrova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Plasma Processing ◽  
Plasma Generator ◽  
Plasma Technology ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Production Characteristics

Results of plasma processing of construction materials are presented in the article. The article also covers the plasma generator construction and technology of receiving protectively decorative covering on concrete that were developed by the authors. This plasma generator construction and technology provide coverings on concrete with strength and production characteristics that are superior to the existing alternatives. Results of the calculation and experimental research of the surface layer are presented. The technological parameters that influence the characteristics of the covering are given.

scholarly journals Water Ozonation with Copper Catalyst for Organic Pollutants Removal

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
A.V. Shabalina ◽  
G.M. Mokrousov ◽  
E.D. Fakhrutdinova ◽  
T.I. Izaak ◽  
J.J. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Catalyst Surface ◽  
Copper Catalyst ◽  
Copper Surface ◽  
Organic Pollutants Removal ◽  
Pollutants Removal ◽  
Low Efficiency ◽  
Ozonation Process

This work presents high-porous honeycomb copper catalyst for organic pollutants removal from water during the ozonation process. This catalyst demonstrates high efficiency in removing target compounds (oxalic and benzoic acids and methylene blue), appropriate stability and resistance to abrasion. Copper catalyst behavior in the ozonation process was investigated. It was found that under ozonation conditions reversible  oxidation/reduction of the copper surface layer takes place. In contact with ozone, copper surface can easily be oxidized resulting in formation of copper oxides. As expected, it leads to decomposition of organic substances during ozonation and reduction of copper catalyst surface layer. Copper (II) oxide was also found to be an active catalyst in oxidation of organic pollutants with ozone, but it is not appropriate to use bulk CuO because of its low abrasion resistance. Copper (II) ions that form due to dissolution of catalyst surface layer with participation of the acidic medium in the ozonation process were detected. Pollutants removal efficiency at different pH values was also studied. It was found that catalytic removal of organic pollutants takes place at low pH, as compared to low efficiency of hydroxyl-radical formation at the acidic pH. A possible scheme for organic pollutants removal during ozonation with copper catalyst was proposed.

The oxidation of Inconel alloy MA754 at low oxidation potential

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 218-219
Author(s):  
D. N. Braski ◽  
P. D. Goodell ◽  
J. V. Cathcart ◽  
R. H. Kane
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Metal Interface ◽  
Elevated Temperature Strength ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
Inconel Alloy ◽  
Inco Alloy ◽  
Resistance To Oxidation ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
Cold Worked

It has been known for some time that the addition of small oxide particles to an 80 Ni—20 Cr alloy not only increases its elevated-temperature strength, but also markedly improves its resistance to oxidation. The mechanism by which the oxide dispersoid enhances the oxidation resistance is being studied collaboratively by ORNL and INCO Alloy Products Company.Initial experiments were performed using INCONEL alloy MA754, which is nominally: 78 Ni, 20 Cr, 0.05 C, 0.3 Al, 0.5 Ti, 1.0 Fe, and 0.6 Y2O3 (wt %).Small disks (3 mm diam × 0.38 mm thick) were cut from MA754 plate stock and prepared with two different surface conditions. The first was prepared by mechanically polishing one side of a disk through 0.5 μm diamond on a syntron polisher while the second used an additional sulfuric acid-methanol electropolishing treatment to remove the cold-worked surface layer. Disks having both surface treatments were oxidized in a radiantly heated furnace for 30 s at 1000°C. Three different environments were investigated: hydrogen with nominal dew points of 0°C, —25°C, and —55°C. The oxide particles and films were examined in TEM by using extraction replicas (carbon) and by backpolishing to the oxide/metal interface. The particles were analyzed by EDS and SAD.

Structural analysis of the surface-layer protein of spirillum serpens by high-resolution electron microscopy

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 738-739
Author(s):  
W. H. Wu ◽  
R. M. Glaeser
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Surface Layer Protein ◽  
Morphological Unit ◽  
Resolution Electron

Spirillum serpens possesses a surface layer protein which exhibits a regular hexagonal packing of the morphological subunits. A morphological model of the structure of the protein has been proposed at a resolution of about 25 Å, in which the morphological unit might be described as having the appearance of a flared-out, hollow cylinder with six ÅspokesÅ at the flared end. In order to understand the detailed association of the macromolecules, it is necessary to do a high resolution structural analysis. Large, single layered arrays of the surface layer protein have been obtained for this purpose by means of extensive heating in high CaCl2, a procedure derived from that of Buckmire and Murray. Low dose, low temperature electron microscopy has been applied to the large arrays.As a first step, the samples were negatively stained with neutralized phosphotungstic acid, and the specimens were imaged at 40,000 magnification by use of a high resolution cold stage on a JE0L 100B. Low dose images were recorded with exposures of 7-9 electrons/Å2. The micrographs obtained (Fig. 1) were examined by use of optical diffraction (Fig. 2) to tell what areas were especially well ordered.

Electron-Mirror Microscopic Aspects of Ferroelectric Domains of BaTiO3 And Ca2Sr (C2H5CO2)6

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 478-479
Author(s):  
Teruo Someya ◽  
Jinzo Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Ferroelectric Domain ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Surface Pattern ◽  
Crystal Surfaces ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ferroelectric Domains

Recent progress in the electron-mirror microscopy (EMM), e.g., an improvement of its resolving power together with an increase of the magnification makes it useful for investigating the ferroelectric domain physics. English has recently observed the domain texture in the surface layer of BaTiO3. The present authors ) have developed a theory by which one can evaluate small one-dimensional electric fields and/or topographic step heights in the crystal surfaces from their EMM pictures. This theory was applied to a quantitative study of the surface pattern of BaTiO3).

Microstructure of Electro-Eroded Cemented Carbide Surfaces

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 284-285
Author(s):  
V. N. Filimonenko ◽  
M. H. Richman ◽  
J. Gurland
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Cobalt Content ◽  
Cemented Carbides ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Diamond Paste ◽  
Plastic Carbon

The high temperatures and pressures that are found in a spark gap during electrical discharging lead to a sharp phase transition and structural transformation in the surface layer of cemented carbides containing WC and cobalt. By means of X-ray diffraction both W2C and a high-temperature monocarbide of tungsten (face-centered cubic) were detected after electro-erosion. The W2C forms as a result of the peritectic reaction, WC → W2C+C. The existence and amount of the phases depend on both the energy of the electro-spark discharge and the cobalt content. In the case of a low-energy discharge (i.e. C=0.01μF, V = 300v), WC(f.c.c.) is generally formed in the surface layer. However, at high energies, (e.g. C=30μF, V = 300v), W2C is formed at the surface in preference to the monocarbide. The phase transformations in the surface layer are retarded by the presence of larger percentages of cobalt.Metallographic examination of the electro-eroded surfaces of cemented carbides was carried out on samples with 5-30% cobalt content. The specimens were first metallographically polished using diamond paste and standard procedures and then subjected to various electrical discharges on a Servomet spark machining device. The samples were then repolished and etched in a 3% NH4OH electrolyte at -0.5 amp/cm2. Two stage plastic-carbon replicas were then made and shadowed with chromium at 27°.

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