Detection of Thermophilic Campylobacter from Sparrows by Multiplex PCR: The Role of Sparrows as a Source of Contamination of Broilers with Campylobacter.

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the role of dogs as a potential reservoir of Campylobacter spp. At the next stage of the research the frequency of occurrence of selected virulence genes, i.e. cadF, flaA and iam as well as genes responsible for the formation the cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), i.e. cdtA, cdtB and cdtC was determined. The isolates obtained in the research were tested for their resistance to selected antibiotics: ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (EF), erythromycin (E) and tetracycline (TE). Campylobacter spp. was found in 63 (12.6%) out of a total number of 500 isolates. 61 (12.2%) isolates were identified as C. jejuni. The number of C. jejuni isolates found in the younger animals was smaller (p <0.05) than in the older ones. The frequency of occurrence of virulence genes and the genes responsible for the formation of CDT was significantly (p <0.05) higher in the older dogs. A comparison of the effect of antibiotics showed that the isolates obtained from both age groups exhibited low resistance to erythrosine (13.5% in the group aged under 1 year and 8.6% in the group aged over 1 year). Both groups exhibited the highest resistance to ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin.

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Exploring the Substantial Role of Multiplex Pcr to Diagnose Malaria in Eastern Nepal

Journal of Chitwan Medical College ◽

10.3126/jcmc.v9i2.24564 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 103-110

Author(s):

Narayan Raj Bhattarai ◽

Keshav Rai ◽

Suman Rijal ◽

Anup Ghimire ◽

Basudha Khanal

Keyword(s):

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Diagnostic Test ◽

Rapid Diagnostic Test ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

False Negatives ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Major Health ◽

False Diagnosis ◽

Rule Out

Background: Malaria is still a major health problem in Nepal as 43.3% of population are at risk of infection. However, the national priorities have been given to achieve malaria elimination in Nepal, the question of diagnostic accuracy could jeopardize the elimination target. Among others, multiplex PCR could be the reliable alternative tool to detect the low number of parasitemia and circulating asymptomatic infection in low endemic countries like Nepal. Hence, this paper aims to analyse the diagnostic precision among microscopy, rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and multiplex real time PCR assay. Methods: A total of 63 archived blood samples obtained from patient with clinical suspicion of malaria were subjected to multiplex PCR and their results were compared with microscopy and rapid diagnostic test. The Latent Class Analysis (LCA) approach was used to compare the diagnostic precision among three different assays. Results: Our study documented that PCR had 97.4% sensitivity and 83.9% specificity. Among the negative microscopy results, 10 (15.9%) were false negatives whereas 4 (6.3%) RDT results were false negatives based on PCR results. Conclusions: PCR could be the useful alternative tool to detect the low number of parasite in low endemic settings which could be crucial to rule out the false diagnosis determined by microscopy or RDT.

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Dogs and Cats: Reservoirs for Highly Diverse Campylobacter jejuni and a Potential Source of Human Exposure

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10050838 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 838

Author(s):

Amandine Thépault ◽

Valérie Rose ◽

Marilyne Queguiner ◽

Marianne Chemaly ◽

Katell Rivoal

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Campylobacter Jejuni ◽

Human Exposure ◽

High Genetic Diversity ◽

Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽

Potential Link ◽

Genomic Characterization ◽

Partial Overlap ◽

Campylobacter Spp

Assessing the carriage of Campylobacter in animal reservoirs is essential to better understand Campylobacter epidemiology. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in dogs and cats, hereafter defined as pets, and characterized Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) isolates to assess their genetic diversity and their potential link with isolates from other animals or human cases. During a 6-month period, 304 feces samples were collected from pets. A significantly higher prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. was found in dogs compared with cats, as well as in dogs ≤ 1-year-old compared with older dogs. C. jejuni was the predominant species found in pets, and its genomic characterization revealed a high genetic diversity. Genotypes comparison with previously characterized isolates revealed a partial overlap between C. jejuni isolates from pets, chicken, cattle, and clinical cases. This overlap suggests the potential role of livestock and humans in pets’ exposure to Campylobacter, or vice versa. The isolation of pets’ specific profiles may suggest the existence of other sources of pet contamination or imply that pets may constitute a reservoir for Campylobacter. Because of the proximity between humans and pets, along with their frequent carriage of C. jejuni, human exposure to Campylobacter from pets can be more important than previously thought.

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Role of multiplex polymerase chain reaction in diagnosing tubercular meningitis

Journal of Laboratory Physicians ◽

10.4103/0974-2727.199633 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (02) ◽

pp. 145-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anupam Berwal ◽

Kiran Chawla ◽

Shashidhar Vishwanath ◽

Vishnu Prasad Shenoy

Keyword(s):

Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Multiplex Pcr ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Smear Microscopy ◽

Chain Reaction ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractTuberculous meningitis (TBM) is one of the most serious manifestations of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Timely and accurate diagnosis provides a favorable prognosis in patients with TBM. The study evaluated the use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of TBM. A study was conducted on 74 patients clinically suspected with TBM. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens were processed for smear microscopy, middle brook 7H9 culture, and multiplex PCR using primers directed against IS6110 gene and 38 kD protein for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The results were analyzed to assess the role of multiplex PCR in the diagnosis of TBM. A total of 26 (35.1%) patients were diagnosed with TBM. Microscopy was negative in all while culture was positive in two cases only. Comparing with clinical diagnosis and CSF adenosine deaminase levels of ≥ 10 U/L, multiplex PCR showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 71.4%, 89.6%, 83.3%, and 81.2%, respectively, in the diagnosis of TBM.

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